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Planning Decisions (planning + decision)
Selected AbstractsFalling Apart at the Margins?DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 5 2009Neighbourhood Transformations in Peri-Urban Chennai ABSTRACT This article explores the peri-urban dynamics in developing cities using a theoretical examination of the metropolis as the new urban condition. Although a western conceptualization, the notion of the metropolis, and particularly metropolitan planning, was exported to the developing world to address its urbanization problems. Metropolitan development authorities were established for wider city regions and accorded legislative powers to prepare master plans for the metropolitan areas. However, in most instances, their planning strategies resulted in a conflation of the urban,rural interface into a more complex peri-urban condition, marked by heterogeneity and fragmentation. The article illustrates this through an empirical investigation in the Indian city of Chennai, where socio-spatial transformations of two borderland neighbourhoods on its southern periphery are assessed mainly in terms of metropolitan planning decisions over the decades. In outlining their metamorphosis, the study is careful not to perceive such conflicts as simple forms of polarization between the rich and the poor. Rather, it sets the class conflicts against the politico-economic dynamics yielding newer forms of polarization in the peri-urban spaces. [source] Differences in spatial predictions among species distribution modeling methods vary with species traits and environmental predictorsECOGRAPHY, Issue 6 2009Alexandra D. Syphard Prediction maps produced by species distribution models (SDMs) influence decision-making in resource management or designation of land in conservation planning. Many studies have compared the prediction accuracy of different SDM modeling methods, but few have quantified the similarity among prediction maps. There has also been little systematic exploration of how the relative importance of different predictor variables varies among model types and affects map similarity. Our objective was to expand the evaluation of SDM performance for 45 plant species in southern California to better understand how map predictions vary among model types, and to explain what factors may affect spatial correspondence, including the selection and relative importance of different environmental variables. Four types of models were tested. Correlation among maps was highest between generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized additive models (GAMs) and lowest between classification trees and GAMs or GLMs. Correlation between Random Forests (RFs) and GAMs was the same as between RFs and classification trees. Spatial correspondence among maps was influenced the most by model prediction accuracy (AUC) and species prevalence; map correspondence was highest when accuracy was high and prevalence was intermediate (average prevalence for all species was 0.124). Species functional type and the selection of climate variables also influenced map correspondence. For most (but not all) species, climate variables were more important than terrain or soil in predicting their distributions. Environmental variable selection varied according to modeling method, but the largest differences were between RFs and GLMs or GAMs. Although prediction accuracy was equal for GLMs, GAMs, and RFs, the differences in spatial predictions suggest that it may be important to evaluate the results of more than one model to estimate the range of spatial uncertainty before making planning decisions based on map outputs. This may be particularly important if models have low accuracy or if species prevalence is not intermediate. [source] Wind power and ,the planning problem': the experience of WalesENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 5 2007Richard Cowell Abstract Across Europe, spatial planning has acquired an important role in steering wind power to more socially acceptable locations. However, the tendency for planning decisions to become a focus of opposition has also led to planning being represented as ,a problem' in meeting renewable energy targets. Using Jessop's dialectical relationship between modes and objects of governance, this paper seeks to understand why certain states are inclined to resolve ,the planning problem' for wind through strengthened national control. The case study is the Welsh Assembly Government's 2005 planning guidance on renewable energy, which superimposes centrally-determined ,Strategic Search Areas' for large-scale, onshore wind farm development onto local decision-making processes. Motivations for adopting this approach reflect the UK's centralizing planning culture, and beliefs that local planning processes will not yield sufficient sites to meet targets for wind power expansion. Responses to this planning guidance suggest that it may stabilizing the regulatory conditions for large-scale wind investment in the short term, in some parts of Wales, but faces a number of points of vulnerability in the longer term. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Men And Family Planning: What Is Their Future Role?JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 10 2001FP-C, Lorraine Neeley Fortunati MSN Purpose To describe men's desired involvement in family planning and to determine the services desired by potential male clients. Data Sources Using a self-administered questionnaire, this study surveyed male partners of family planning clients and men attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics at an urban health department. Perceived health concerns, contraceptive attitudes and practices, and desired involvement in family planning currently and in the future were targeted. Conclusions Respondents reported desiring involvement in family planning decisions, although reported behaviors often conflicted with this desire. Routine physical examinations and receipt of health information were perceived to be important, while "male only" clinics were not. Respondents were willing to attend partners' family planning appointments if asked and were willing to help pay for the chosen contraceptive. Provision of vasectomy services was perceived as important. Prevention of cancer, STDs, and impotence were the three highest health concerns reported. Implications for Practice Men want to be partners in family planning and will access services if available. Current political and social policies are demanding more personal responsibility for the outcome of unintended pregnancies. In response to political and social demands, Title X family planning clinics are refocusing services to include men. [source] A general strategic capacity planning model under demand uncertaintyNAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Woonghee Tim Huh Abstract Capacity planning decisions affect a significant portion of future revenue. In equipment intensive industries, these decisions usually need to be made in the presence of both highly volatile demand and long capacity installation lead times. For a multiple product case, we present a continuous-time capacity planning model that addresses problems of realistic size and complexity found in current practice. Each product requires specific operations that can be performed by one or more tool groups. We consider a number of capacity allocation policies. We allow tool retirements in addition to purchases because the stochastic demand forecast for each product can be decreasing. We present a cluster-based heuristic algorithm that can incorporate both variance reduction techniques from the simulation literature and the principles of a generalized maximum flow algorithm from the network optimization literature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006 [source] A continuous-time strategic capacity planning model,NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005Woonghee Tim Huh Abstract Capacity planning decisions affect a significant portion of future revenue. In the semiconductor industry, they need to be made in the presence of both highly volatile demand and long capacity installation lead-times. In contrast to traditional discrete-time models, we present a continuous-time stochastic programming model for multiple resource types and product families. We show how this approach can solve capacity planning problems of reasonable size and complexity with provable efficiency. This is achieved by an application of the divide-and-conquer algorithm, convexity, submodularity, and the open-pit mining problem. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005. [source] Evaluating medical grand roundsTHE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS, Issue 2 2002Dr. Arthur I. Rothman EdD Director Abstract Introduction: Since January 2000, standard presenter evaluation forms have been made available to grand rounds organizers in the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. During the 2000,2001 academic year, effort was directed at the accumulation of evidence for the validity of the results generated. Method: Two issues were addressed: The integrity or coherence of the form itself and the number of forms or evaluations required to achieve a stable estimate of the construct "presenter effectiveness" for an individual presenter. Results: Positive evidence relating to the integrity of the form is presented and the number of evaluations or ratings required to provide a stable estimate of presenter effectiveness is suggested. Discussion: Most presenters' ratings were distributed in a narrow range. Ranking of individual presentations would require exceptionally high precision. Separation into groups requires less precision. This type of classification appears sufficient to enable planning decisions. [source] | |||||||||||||