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Placebo Solution (placebo + solution)
Selected AbstractsEffect of an amine-fluoride-triclosan mouthrinse on plaque regrowth and biofilm vitalityJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Nicole B. Arweiler Abstract Background: The purpose of this double-blind, prospective, latin-square crossover randomised study was to examine the efficacy of a mouthrinse solution containing a combination of triclosan, amine fluoride and sodium fluoride on supragingival plaque regrowth compared to a placebo and a chlorhexidine solution. Methods: 12 volunteers refrained after professional oral prophylaxis from all mechanical hygiene measures for the following 96 h and rinsed instead cross-over in a randomised order with either chlorhexidine dicluconate (0.2%, positive control), a verum solution (0.5% amine fluoride, 0.028% sodium fluoride, 0.03% triclosan) or a placebo solution. The plaque index was assessed after 24 and 96 h (PI 1, PI 2) and the plaque area (PA) photographed and calculated after 96 h of undisturbed plaque regrowth. Moreover plaque samples were taken after 24 and 96 h and examined with the vital fluorescence technique to assess the vitality of the biofilm microbiota (VF 1, VF 2). Results: The amine-fluoride-triclosan solution reduced the clinical parameters (PI and PA) as well as the vitality of the plaque flora (VF) significantly when compared to the placebo solution. The verum reached a 36.5% (p<0.05) and a 39.8% reduction (p<0.0001) in PI 1 and PI 2, respectively, concomittant with a reduction of 23.8% and 32.2% (p<0.001) in VF 1 and VF 2 and of 46.9% (p<0.0001) in PA at day 4. This was less than the reductions found with the positive control, i.e., the 0.2% chlorhexidine solution (54.2% and 71.1% reduction in PI 1 and PI 2, 40.0% and 53.4% in VF 1 and VF 2 and 71.5% in PA). However, significant differences between both active solutions were only established for PI 2 and PA. Conclusion: During 4-day plaque regrowth the amine-fluoride-triclosan product displayed a significant antibacterial and plaque-reducing action in comparison to the control. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Der Zweck dieser prospektiven, gekreuzten, randomisierten Doppeltblindstudie war die Überprüfung der Effektivität einer Mundspüllösung, die eine Kombination von Triclosan, Aminfluorid und Natriumfluorid enthielt, auf die Neuetablierung der supragingivalen Plaque im Vergleich zu einem Placebo und einer Chlorhexidinlösung. Methoden: 12 Probanden wurde nach einer professionellen Prophylaxe jegliche mechanische Hygiene für die folgenden 96 Stunden untersagt. Sie spülten dafür überkreuzt in einer zufälligen Reihenfolge entweder mit Chlorhexidindiglukonat (0.2%, positive Kontrolle), einer Versuchslösung (0.5% Aminfluorid, 0.028% Natriumfluorid, 0.03% Triclosan) oder einer Placebolösung. Der Plaque-index wurde nach 24 Stunden und 96 Stunden erhoben (PI 1, PI 2). Die Plaquefläche (PA) wurde fotografiert und berechnet nach 96 Stunden des ungestörten Plaquewachstums. Zusätzlich wurden Plaqueproben nach 24 und 96 Stunden entnommen und mit der Vitalfluoreszenztechnik die Vitalität der Mikroflora des Biofilms bestimmt (VF 1, VF 2). Ergebnisse: Die Aminfluorid-Triclosan-Lösung reduzierte die klinischen Parameter (PI und PA) sowie die Vitalität der Plaqueflora (VF) signifikant, im Vergleich mit der Placebolösung. Die Versuchslösung erreichte eine 36.5%ige (p<0.05) und eine 39.8%ige Reduktion (p<0.001) bei PI 1 und PI 2, verbunden mit einer Reduktion von 23.8% und 32.2% (p<0.01) bei VF 1 und VF 2 und 46.9% (p<0.0001) bei PA am Tag 4. Dies war geringer als die Reduktionen, die mit der positiven Kontrolle gefunden wurden, d.h. mit der 0.2%igen Chlorhexidin-Lösung (54.2% und 71.1% Reduktion bei PI 1 und PI 2, 40.0% und 53.4% bei VF 1 und VF 2 sowie 71.5% bei PA). Jedoch wurden signifikante Differenzen zwischen beiden aktiven Lösungen nur bei PI 2 und PA gefunden. Zusammenfassung: Während eines 4tägigen Plaquewachstums zeigte das Aminfluorid-Triclosan-Produkt eine signifikante antibakterielle und plaquereduzierende Wirkung im Vergleich zu der Kontrolle. Résumé Origine: Le but de cette étude randomisée, croisée, prospective en double aveugle a été d'examiner l'efficacité d'une solution contenant une association de fluorure d'amine, de fluorure de sodium et de triclosan sur l'accumulation de la plaque dentaire sus-gingivale comparée à un placebo et à une solution de chlorhexidine (CHX). Méthodes: Après un nettoyage professionnel, 12 volontaires ont arrêté toutes mesures d'hygiène buccale pendant 96 h. Ils se sont rinçés de manière randomisée et croisée avec du digluconate de CHX 0.2%, une solution verum (fluorure d'amine 0.5%, fluorure de sodium 0.028% et triclosan 0.03%) ou une solution placebo. L'indice de plaque a été mesurée après 24 h (Pli 1) et 96 h (Pli 2) et la zone de plaque (PA) photographiée et calculée après 96 h. Des échantillons de plaque dentaire ont été prélevés après 24 h (VF 1) et 96 h (VF 2) et examinés par la technique de vitalité de fluorescence, pour mesurer la vitalité de la flore du biofilm. Résultats: La solution flurorure d'amine/triclosan réduisait significativement les paramètres cliniques (Pli et PA) ainsi que la vitalité de la flore (VF) comparée à la solution placebo. Le vérum atteignait des réductions respectives de 37% (p<0.05) et 40% (p<0.0001) des Pli 1 et Pli 2 concomitantes avec une réduction de 24 et 32% (p<0.001) de VF 1 et VF 2 et de 47% (p<0.0001) de PA au jour 4. Ceci était inférieur aux réductions trouvées dans le contrôle positif, c.-à-d. la CHX 0.2% (54 et 71% de réduction de Pli 1 et Pli 2, 40 et 53% de VF 1 et VF 2, et 72% de PA). Cependant, les différences significatives entre les deux solutions actives ont été mises en évidence uniquement pour Pli2 et PA. Conclusion: Durant cette courte croissance de la plaque dentaire, le produit fluorure d'amine/triclosan montrait une action antibactérienne et anti-plaque supérieure à celle du contrôle. [source] Intra-uterine bupivacaine and levobupivacaineAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Ayse MIZRAK Aim:, The study aimed to compare the effect of intrauterine bupivacaine and levobupivacaine with placebo in reducing the post-procedure discomfort owing to pain caused by suction endometrial sampling. Methods:, This study was conducted on randomly selected 45 women with abnormal uterine bleeding and who had undergone outpatient hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy under sedation with propofol 0.5 mg/kg. The study was performed using 5 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (Group B, n = 15) or levobupivacaine 0.5% (Group L, n = 15) or placebo solution (Group C, n = 15) intrauterine via a catheter over a 5 min period after suction endometrial sampling. The number of patients with visual analogue scale >3, total postoperative analgesic requirements, satisfaction of patients and adverse events were measured. Nonparametric and parametric data were analysed using Kruskal,Wallis and one-way anova tests respectively. Results:, Women in Groups L and B had statistically significantly less pain than the women in Group C (P = 0.03). When compared with placebo, five ml of bupivacaine 0.5% and levobupivacaine 0.5% respectively were recorded to decrease the incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption from 41 to 35% (P = 0.01). The satisfaction score of the patients in Group L was significantly higher than that of the patients in Group C (P = 0.03). Conclusion:, Intrauterine levobupivacaine or bupivacaine is effective in decreasing the pain associated with the endometrial biopsy and curettage under propofol sedation. [source] Intracorneal bevacizumab for treating corneal neovascularization in an experimental rabbit modelACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2007C PERIS-MARTINEZ Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracorneal and subconjunctival bevacizumab in treating corneal neovascularization in an experimental rabbit model. Methods: Eighteen eyes of 9 animals (New Zealand-female rabbits) participated in this study. For assessment of corneal neovascularization we use an alkali solution (NaOH 1 M). All rabbit eyes developed features of limbal stem cell deficiency like corneal neovascularization, pesistent epithelial defects, etc...The right eye of the animal received 2 injections of bevacizumab (one under conjunctiva and another intracorneal) and left eye will receive two injections of a placebo solution (made of physiological serum) as a control group. Results: One month of follow-up. All control corneas were revascularized to the center. Partial regression of newvessels was observed in 7 out of nine rabbit eyes treated with bevacizumab. Conclusions: On the basis of the results, we suggest that bevacizumab can be effective in reducing corneal neovascularization in this experimental model. [source] Risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavioural symptoms in children with autistic and other pervasive developmental disordersCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2005Richard ReadingArticle first published online: 16 FEB 200 Risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavioural symptoms in children with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders . SheaS, TurgayA, CarrollA, SchulzM, OrlikH, SmithI & DunbarF. ( 2004 ) Pediatrics , 114 , e634 , e641 . Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behavioural symptoms in children with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Methods In this 8-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, risperidone/placebo solution (0.01,0.06 mg/kg/day) was administered to 79 children who were aged 5,12 years and had PDD. Behavioural symptoms were assessed using the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC), Nisonger Child Behaviour Rating Form and Clinical Global Impression-Change. Safety assessments included vital signs, electrocardiogram, extrapyramidal symptoms, adverse events and laboratory tests. Results Subjects who were taking risperidone (mean dosage: 0.04 mg/kg/day; 1.17 mg/day) experienced a significantly greater mean decrease on the irritability subscale of the ABC (primary endpoint) compared with those who were taking placebo. By study endpoint, risperidone-treated subjects exhibited a 64% improvement over baseline in the irritability score almost double that of placebo-treated subjects (31%). Risperidone-treated subjects also exhibited significantly greater decreases on the other four subscales of the ABC; on the conduct problem, insecure/anxious, hyperactive and overly sensitive subscales of the Nisonger Child Behaviour Rating Form (parent version); and on the Visual Analog Scale of the most troublesome symptom. More risperidone-treated subjects (87%) showed global improvement in their condition compared with the placebo group (40%). Somnolence, the most frequently reported adverse event, was noted in 72.5% vs. 7.7% of subjects (risperidone vs. placebo) and seemed manageable with dose/dose-schedule modification. Risperidone-treated subjects experienced statistically significantly greater increases in weight (2.7 vs. 1.0 kg), pulse rate and systolic blood pressure. Extrapyramidal symptoms scores were comparable between groups. Conclusions Risperidone was well-tolerated and efficacious in treating behavioural symptoms associated with PDD in children. [source] | ||||||||||