Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Plasma Metabolites (plasma + metabolite)
Selected AbstractsEfficacy against Fasciola hepatica and the pharmacokinetics of triclabendazole administered by oral and topical routesAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009PJ Martin Objective To determine the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) against 28-day-old, early immature liver fluke in cattle and its pharmacokinetics following administration by the oral or topical (pour-on) route. Procedures Cattle (n = 18) were infected with 500 TCBZ-susceptible liver fluke metacercariae and randomly allocated to three groups. At 28 days after infection, the groups were: (1) untreated controls; (2) treated with oral TCBZ at 12 mg/kg in combination with oxfendazole and selenium (TOS); (3) treated with pour-on TCBZ at 30 mg/kg in combination with abamectin (TA). Blood samples were taken immediately prior to treatment and serially after treatment to assess the plasma profile of TCBZ metabolites. Ten weeks after treatment all animals were slaughtered and total liver fluke counts, fluke egg counts and liver pathology were assessed. Results Both the TOS and TA treatments resulted in significant reductions of 28-day-old liver fluke, as assessed by fluke counts and fluke egg counts at slaughter, and the reductions following TOS treatment were significantly greater than those following TA treatment. The blood profile of TCBZ metabolites in TOS-treated animals showed a significantly greater area under the plasma concentration time curve and a higher maximum observed concentration than those treated with TA. There was significantly less liver pathology in TOS-treated animals than in the TA-treated animals. Conclusion TCBZ administered orally at 12 mg/kg resulted in greater efficacy against 28-day-old, early immature liver fluke than was achieved by topical administration at 30 mg/kg. Plasma metabolites of TCBZ were higher and liver pathology was less in TOS-treated animals than in TA-treated animals. [source] Effects of feeding level of milk replacer on body growth, plasma metabolite and insulin concentrations, and visceral organ growth of suckling calvesANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009Mitsuru KAMIYA ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate effects of feeding level of milk replacer on body growth, plasma metabolite and insulin concentrations, and allometric growth of visceral organs in suckling calves. Holstein bull calves (n = 8; 3,4 days of age) were fed either a low amount (average 0.63 kgDM/day, LM) or high amount (average 1.15 kgDM/day, HM) of high protein milk replacer until they were slaughtered at 6 weeks of age. Body weight (BW) at 4, 5, and 6 weeks of age, feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency were higher in the HM than LM calves. The HM group had higher plasma glucose at 3 and 4 weeks of age and insulin levels after the age of 4 weeks compared with LM calves whereas no effect was detected on plasma nonesterified fatty acid or urea nitrogen concentrations. The HM calves had greater empty body weight (EBW), viscera-free BW and most of the organs dissected than LM calves. Relative weights (% of EBW) of liver, spleen, kidneys, and internal fat were higher, whereas head and large intestine was lower in HM than LM calves. The results suggest that increased milk feeding levels would accelerate the growth of the body and specific organs. [source] The impact of nutrient density in terms of energy and/or protein on live performance, metabolism and carcass composition of female and male broiler chickens of two commercial broiler strainsJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 4 2010E. Delezie Summary The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diet composition on performance, slaughter yield and plasma metabolites, as different modern broiler strains show different responses to feed intake. Broilers of two commercial strains and of both sexes received one of three diets being different in energy and/or protein level [control diet, low energy/low protein diet (LM/LP) and low protein diet (LP)]. Low energy/low protein diet chickens were characterized by significantly lower body weights and feed intake compared with their LP and control counterparts. Broilers of the Cobb strain or broilers that were fed the control diet were most efficient in converting energy to body weight. No significant differences in plasma metabolites were detected due to diet composition or genotype. The diet with the lower energy and crude protein levels reached the lowest slaughter yield but the highest drumstick and wing percentages. The lowest mortality percentages were observed for broilers fed the LM/LP diet, and Cobb birds appeared to be more sensitive for metabolic disorders resulting in death. It is obvious from this study that different genotypes respond differently to changes in diet composition and therefore have adjusted nutritional requirements. [source] The course of some bone remodelling plasma metabolites in healthy horses and in horses offered a calcium-deficient dietJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 3-4 2003V. De Behr Summary An inquiry was carried out to assess the concentrations of plasma metabolites related to bone remodelling in 21 saddle horses of Warmblood breed aged 4,26 years, five draught horses of Ardennes breed aged 4,10 years, and 10 Ardennes foals aged 9,11 months. They were fed according to normal feeding practice in Belgium. The changes in some bone remodelling plasma metabolite concentrations were studied when an unbalanced diet was offered and later corrected for four Warmblood horses. Bone formation was evaluated by bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) and osteocalcin (bone gla-protein, OC). Bone resorption was assessed by hydroxyproline (HYP). Total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus (P) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D] concentrations were more or less constant. The comparison of four bone remodelling factors between the Ardennes and Warmblood horses showed higher concentrations in the Ardennes breed. Bone marker concentrations decreased according to age. The correction of the unbalanced Ca : P diet induced inconsistent effects at plasma level. The interpretation of the different bone parameters appeared to be difficult if not associated with other parameters such as a complete anamnesis and clinical examination of the animal in addition to dietary evaluation. Zusammenfassung Verlauf verschiedener Knochenmarker bei gesunden Pferden und bei Pferden, welche mit einer in Bezug auf Kalzium unausgewogenen Ration gefüttert wurden Eine Studie zur Erfassung der Konzentrationen von Knochenmarkern wurde bei 21 Warmblütern im Alter von 4 bis 26 Jahren, fünf Ardenner Kaltblütern im Alter von 4 bis 10 Jahren und 10 Ardenner Kaltblutfohlen im Alter von 9 bis 11 Monaten durchgeführt. Die Pferde wurden gemäss der normalen Fütterungpraxis in Belgien gefüttert. Der Verlauf der Knochenmarkerkonzentrationen wurde auch bei vier Pferden gemessen, die zunächst mit einer unausgewogenen Ration in Bezug auf Kalzium und dann mit einer korrigierenden Ration gefüttert wurden. Der Knochenaufbau wurde anhand der Aktivität der knochenspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (BALP), der totalen alkalischen Phosphatasen (TALP) und anhand des Osteocalcin (bone gla-proteine, OC) gemessen. Der Knochenabbau wurde anhand des Hydroxyprolins (HYP) gemessen. Die Konzentrationen des totalen Kalziums, ionisierten Kalziums, Phosphors (P), und 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] waren unverändert. Beim Vergleich der vier gemessenen Knochenmakerkonzentrationen bei den Ardenner Kaltblütern mit den Warmblutpferden konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Kaltblüter deutlich höhere Konzentrationen hatten als die Warmblüter. Die Konzentrationen der Marker nahmen mit steigendem Alter der Pferde ab. Die Korrektur der unausgewogenen Ca:P Ration ergab nicht eindeutige Veränderungen der Plasmakonzentrationen der verschiedenen Marker. Die Interpretation der verschiedenen Knochenmarker erscheint schwierig, wenn nicht andere Parameter, wie eine komplette Anamnese und eine klinische Untersuchung, sowie eine Auswertung der Ration hinzugezogen werden. [source] A comparison of physiological variables in aged and young women during and following submaximal exerciseAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Michael R. Deschenes Previously, we have examined how aging affects the physiological responses of men to endurance exercise. In the present investigation, we aimed to extend our assessment of the influence of aging on exercise-induced responses by focusing on women. Ten young (20.3 ± 0.3 years; mean ± SE) and 10 aged (75.5 ± 1.2 years) women performed 30 min of cycling at 60,65% of their predetermined peak oxygen uptake. Data for respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate, blood pressure, rectal temperature, and plasma metabolites were collected before exercise, at the 15th and 30th min of exercise, and at 5 and 15 min postexercise. A two-way, repeated measures ANOVA with main effects of age and time was conducted on each variable. Our findings showed that age affected exercise-induced responses of each variable quantified. Although RER, heart rate, temperature, and lactate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher among young women, blood pressure and glucose values were greater among aged women. Moreover, unlike previous results noted among men where age-related differences primarily occurred during postexercise recovery, in women the effect of aging was detected during exercise itself. The data presented here indicate that aging impacts physiological responses of women to prolonged endurance exercise even when relative intensity (% of peak oxygen uptake) is held constant. Combined with our earlier study on men, these findings suggest that gender interacts with aging to determine whether age-related differences are manifested during exercise itself, or during postexercise recovery. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mixed-mode chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry,RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 5 2010James S. O. McCullagh Liquid chromatography coupled to molecular mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been a standard technique since the early 1970s but liquid chromatography coupled to high-precision isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC/IRMS) has only been available commercially since 2004. This development has, for the first time, enabled natural abundance and low enrichment ,13C measurements to be applied to individual analytes in aqueous mixtures creating new opportunities for IRMS applications, particularly for the isotopic study of biological molecules. A growing number of applications have been published in a range of areas including amino acid metabolism, carbohydrates studies, quantification of cellular and plasma metabolites, dietary tracer and nucleic acid studies. There is strong potential to extend these to new compounds and complex matrices but several challenges face the development of LC/IRMS methods. To achieve accurate isotopic measurements, HPLC separations must provide baseline-resolution between analyte peaks; however, the design of current liquid interfaces places severe restrictions on compatible flow rates and in particular mobile phase compositions. These create a significant challenge on which reports associated with LC/IRMS have not previously focused. Accordingly, this paper will address aspects of chromatography in the context of LC/IRMS, in particular focusing on mixed-mode separations and their benefits in light of these restrictions. It aims to provide an overview of mixed-mode stationary phases and of ways to improve high aqueous separations through manipulation of parameters such as column length, temperature and mobile phase pH. The results of several practical experiments are given using proteogenic amino acids and nucleosides both of which are of noted importance in the LC/IRMS literature. This communication aims to demonstrate that mixed-mode stationary phases provide a flexible approach given the constraints of LC/IRMS interface design and acts as a practical guide for the development of new chromatographic methods compatible with LC/IRMS applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effects of 5,-uridylic acid feeding on postprandial plasma concentrations of metabolites and metabolic hormones in pre-weaning goatsANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009Yoshihisa OHTANI ABSTRACT 5,-Uridylic acid (UMP), which is present at high concentrations in cow's colostrum, has been shown to cause a reduction in increased plasma levels of insulin and glucose after ingestion of milk replacer in pre-weaning calves. However, the precise mechanisms of UMP action have not been investigated, and its action has not been investigated in other pre-weaning ruminants. In order to demonstrate whether UMP causes changes in postprandial metabolic and hormonal parameters in pre-weaning goats, 11 Saanen kids were given milk replacer (twice a day) without (n = 5) or with (n = 6) UMP (1 g for each meal, 2 g/day for each head) for 14 days. Analysis of blood samples taken in the morning of day 14 demonstrated that the feeding of milk replacer with UMP abolished the significant changes in postprandial plasma glucose, NEFA, GH and insulin concentrations induced by feeding of milk replacer alone, and demonstrated a tendency to increase IGF-I levels. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at any sampling time. We conclude that UMP feeding with milk replacer showed a tendency to blunt the postprandial changes in levels of some plasma metabolites and hormones that are induced by replacer alone in pre-weaning goats. [source] | ||||||||||