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Plasma Antioxidant Activity (plasma + antioxidant_activity)
Selected AbstractsVaricocelectomy reduces reactive oxygen species levels and increases antioxidant activity of seminal plasma from infertile men with varicoceleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 5 2001T. Mostafa Several theories have been advanced to explain the mechanisms by which varicocele impairs male fertility. These theories include scrotal hyperthermia, retrograde flow of adrenal or renal metabolites, Leydig cell dysfunction and hypoxia. Varicocele is reported to be associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in spermatozoa and diminished seminal plasma antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether surgical correction of varicocele might reduce ROS or increase the antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma from infertile patients with varicocele. The study group consisted of 68 infertile males, selected from patients scheduled for varicocelectomy at Cairo University Hospital during the year 1999. Seminal plasma levels of two ROS [malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] and one ROS radical [nitric oxide (NO)] were estimated as well as six antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin E (Vit E), albumin) on the day prior to varicocelectomy. For comparison, the same parameters were measured again 3 and 6 months post-operatively. A statistically significant reduction in the 3 month post-operative levels of MDA, H2O2 and NO was observed when compared with the pre-operative values. A further significant reduction took place during the following 3 months. Four of the six antioxidants tested (SOD, CAT, GPx, and Vit C) showed a significant increase in seminal levels when comparing 3-month post-operative with pre-operative values. A further significant increase of the four antioxidant levels took place during the following 3 months. No significant change in the level of seminal plasma albumen took place during the first 3 months after varicocelectomy, however, a significant increase was noted during the next 3 months. In contrast to other antioxidants, seminal plasma levels of Vit E showed a significant decrease when comparing 3-month post-operative with pre-operative values. A further significant decrease took place during the following 3 months. It is concluded that varicocelectomy reduces ROS levels and increases antioxidant activity of seminal plasma from infertile men with varicocele. [source] Oxidative stress during leukocyte absorption apheresisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS, Issue 2 2003Aki Hirayama Abstract Leukocyte absorption apheresis absorbs leukocytes to the apheresis columns involving leukocyte activation. This process is regarded as bioincompatible and avoided in hemodialysis or other extracorporeal circulation processes. Thus, leukocyte apheresis has a potential risk to exacerbate in vivo oxidative stress. We evaluated the changes in plasma oxidative stress during leukocyte apheresis. Patients diagnosed as ulcerative colitis (UC) and treated with leukocyte apheresis were studied. Adacolumn (celluloseacetate beads) or Cellsorba EX (polyethylenephtarate fiber) was used for the leukocyte absorption device. Oxidative stress was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydroxyl radical (,OH) scavenging activity. Plasma samples were collected from the pre- and post-column sampling port at the start, and from the pre-column sampling port at the end of the treatment. The ,OH signal intensities (OHRI) significantly increased during a column passage, indicating a loss of plasma ,OH scavenging activity. However, OHRI was reduced at the end, suggesting a recovery of radical scavenging activity during leukocyte apheresis. Significant decreases of OHRI and TBARS were only observed in the early phase of the therapeutic course. No differences of OHRI and TBARS levels were observed between the two columns. These results indicate that though the plasma antioxidant activity was diminished by a column passage, plasma antioxidant activity recovers during the procedure. This efficient antioxidative effect is limited to the early phase of the therapeutic course. J. Clin. Apheresis 18:61,66, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Effect of hesperidin and naringin on the plasma lipid profile and plasma antioxidant activity in rats fed a cholesterol-containing dietJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 7 2007Shela Gorinstein Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the influence of hesperidin and naringin, the main flavonones of orange and grapefruit, on plasma lipid profile and antioxidant activity in rats fed a cholesterol-containing diet. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10, named Control, Hesperidin, Naringin, Chol, Chol/Hesperidin and Chol/Naringin. The Control group was fed a basal diet (BD) and 1,2 mL of distilled water. To the BD of the other five groups were added 0.1,0.2 mg of hesperidin dissolved in 1,2 mL of distilled water (Hesperidin group), 0.46,0.92 mg of naringin in 1,2 mL of water (Naringin group), 1% of non-oxidised cholesterol (NOC) and 1,2 mL of water (Chol), 1% of NOC and 0.1,0.2 mg of hesperidin in 1,2 mL of water (Chol/Hesperidin), 1% of NOC and 0.46,0.92 mg of naringin in 1,2 mL of water (Chol/Naringin). After 30 days of the experiment it was found that the diets supplemented with hesperidin and naringin increased the plasma antioxidant activity. In conclusion, diets supplemented with hesperidin and naringin significantly hindered the increase in plasma lipid levels caused by cholesterol feeding. Hesperidin and naringin, bioactive compounds of citrus fruits, are powerful plasma lipid lowering and plasma antioxidant activity increasing flavonones. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Artichoke leaf extract reduces oxidative stress and lipoprotein dyshomeostasis in rats fed on high cholesterol dietPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010Z. Küskü-Kiraz Abstract Hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation play complementary role in atherosclerosis. Artichoke leaf extract (ALE) is rich in natural antioxidants and has a cholesterol-reducing effect. However, there is no study investigating the effect of ALE on lipid levels and lipid peroxidation in experimental hypercholesterolemic conditions. Rats were fed on 4% (w/w) cholesterol and 1% (w/w) cholic acid supplemented diet for 1 month. ALE (1.5,g/kg/day) was given by gavage during the last 2 weeks. Serum lipid composition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels and plasma antioxidant activity (AOA) were measured. In addition, endogenous DC and copper-induced MDA levels were determined in apo B-containing lipoproteins (LDL+VLDL fraction). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the ratio of cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol decreased due to ALE treatment in rats fed on HC diet. Significant decreases in serum MDA and DC levels and increases in plasma AOA were detected in serum in ALE-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Endogenous DC and copper-induced MDA levels were also lower in LDL+VLDL fraction due to ALE-treatment in hypercholesterolemic rats. Our results indicate that ALE may be useful for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia-induced pro-oxidant state in LDL+VLDL fraction and the reduction of increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The nutritional and metabolic indices in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets supplemented with durian at different stages of ripeningBIOFACTORS, Issue 2-3 2007Maria Leontowicz Abstract The aim of this investigation was to assess the nutritional and health properties of Mon Thong durian cultivar at different stages of ripening. The assessment was carried out in vitro and in vivo. The contents of dietary fibers, minerals and trace metals at different stages of ripening were comparable. Total polyphenols (mgGAE/100 g FW) and flavonoids (mg CE/100 gFW) in ripe durian (358.8 ± 31.4 and 95.4 ± 9.3) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in mature (216.1 ± 1 and 39.9 ± 3.8) and overripe (283.3 ± 26.2 and 53.5 ± 4.9). Antioxidant capacity (,MTE/100 g FW) in total polyphenol extracts of ripe durian measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and [2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS) assays (259.4 ± 23.6 and 2341.8 ± 93.2) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of mature (151.6 ± 15.2 and 1394.6 ± 41.5) and overripe (201.7 ± 19.4 and 1812.2 ± 61.4) samples. The correlation coefficients between the bioactive compounds in different stages of ripening and their antioxidant capacities were high (R2 = 0.99). Then 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 dietary groups each of 7 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Mature, Chol/Ripe and Chol/Overripe. During 30 days of the experiment the rats of all 5 groups were fed basal diet (BD), which included wheat starch, casein, soybean oil, vitamin and mineral mixtures. The rats of the Control group were fed a BD only. To the BD of the Chol group was added 1% of cholesterol. The BD of the Chol/Mature, Chol/Ripe and Chol/Overripe groups was supplemented with 1% of cholesterol and 5% of the mature, ripe and overripe durian as freeze-dried powder, respectively. Diets containing ripe and to a lesser degree mature and overripe durian significantly hindered the rise in plasma lipids and also hindered a decrease in plasma antioxidant activity. The nitrogen retention in rats of the Chol/Ripe group was significantly higher (63.6%, P < 0.05) than in other diet groups and the level of the plasma glucose remained normal. A decrease in fibrinogen fraction with ripe durian included in rat's diets was shown by electrophoretic separation. These changes were detected mostly in the low molecular weight proteins of rat's serum. Histological examination of aorta showed only slight differences in the tissue. In conclusion, ripe durian contains higher quantity of bioactive compounds, has higher antioxidant capacity and nutritional value. It positively affects the plasma lipid profile, the plasma glucose and the antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol enriched diets. Therefore, the ripe durian supplemented diet could be beneficial for patient suffering from hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. [source] | ||||||||||