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Pluralism
Kinds of Pluralism Selected AbstractsA PRAGMATIST DEFENSE OF NON-RELATIVISTIC EXPLANATORY PLURALISM IN HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCEHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2008JEROEN VAN BOUWEL ABSTRACT Explanatory pluralism has been defended by several philosophers of history and social science, recently, for example, by Tor Egil Førland in this journal. In this article, we provide a better argument for explanatory pluralism, based on the pragmatist idea of epistemic interests. Second, we show that there are three quite different senses in which one can be an explanatory pluralist: one can be a pluralist about questions, a pluralist about answers to questions, and a pluralist about both. We defend the last position. Finally, our third aim is to argue that pluralism should not be equated with "anything goes": we will argue for non-relativistic explanatory pluralism. This pluralism will be illustrated by examples from history and social science in which different forms of explanation (for example, structural, functional, and intentional explanations) are discussed, and the fruitfulness of our framework for understanding explanatory pluralism is shown. [source] CHRISTIAN ORTHODOXY AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISMMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2006TERRENCE W. TILLEY The paper argues that it can be demonstrated that the position of Jacques Dupuis, S.J., a pluralist, is compatible with that of the syllabus on religious pluralism produced by the Roman Catholic Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Dominius Iesus. This demonstration provides good reason to believe that at least one form of de jure pluralism, labeled "inclusivist pluralism", is a theological theory compatible with orthodox Christian belief. [source] PLURALISM IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOANALYSIS: THEORY AND PRACTICEBRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, Issue 2 2008Jean White abstract As this paper was originally delivered as the British Journal of Psychotherapy Annual Lecture, I have retained the spoken tone of the original. In contemporary physics, cosmology and philosophy, there is now a recognition that no single paradigm or theory can represent reality and growing credence in the idea that learning is advanced more rapidly through a pluralistic model. This paper argues that the same applies to psychoanalysis and the psychoanalytic psychotherapies. It explores the value given to the recognition of difference in contemporary Independent, Lacanian and post-Kleinian thought and the psychopathology attributed to single vision, and argues for the urgent need to engage in constructive cross-paradigmatic discussion. [source] Responding to the New Religious PluralismCROSSCURRENTS, Issue 1 2008Robert Wuthnow [source] Texts, Tensions, Subtexts, and Implied Agendas: My Quest for Cultural Pluralism in a Decade of WritingCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 2 2004Carola Conle ABSTRACT Scanning my own academic work to discover hidden agendas revealed underlying issues that seemed important in cultural pluralism. They included the need for recognition and for public spaces in culturally pluralistic environments where the experiences of individuals from very different background are listened to and valued. It was particularly interesting that such settings seemed to be highly conducive to inquiry. The differences among people's experiences intensified an implicit inquiry dynamic when narrative was the medium of choice rather than argumentative discussion. In those settings, as well as in the reexamination of my own writing, becoming clearer about what was only indirectly expressed earlier brought greater clarity about important issues. [source] On Pluralism: In Response to Ted PetersDIALOG, Issue 4 2007John Benson First page of article [source] On Pluralism, Comparative Theology & Tariq Ramadan: A Response to Ted PetersDIALOG, Issue 4 2007Kristin Johnston Largen First page of article [source] Christian God-Talk While Listening to Atheists, Pluralists, and MuslimsDIALOG, Issue 2 2007Ted Peters Abstract: In the global conversation over religious ideas, a de facto debate is raging between atheism, pluralism, and Islam. Pluralism respects the claim of every religion. Atheism respects the claim of no religion. Islam respects the claim of its own religion. How should a Christian theologian construct a doctrine of God that benefits from listening to this conversation yet stresses what is important in the gospel, namely, that the God of Jesus Christ is gracious in character? What is recommended here is to (1) investigate the truth question; (2) avoid putting God in the equations; (3) affirm what is essential; and (4) practice charity. [source] Logical Pluralism, by J. C. Beall and Greg RestallEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2008Richard Woodward First page of article [source] Legal Pluralism and the European UnionEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006N. W. Barber It claims that a legal system is pluralist when it contains inconsistent rules of recognition that cannot be legally resolved from within the system. The first part of the article sets out the model, demonstrating why it requires a departure from the classical accounts of law advanced by writers such as Hart and Kelsen. The second half applies this model to actual legal orders: first, to Rhodesia during the crisis of 1965, and then to the legal orders of the European Union. It is argued that there are interesting and important points of similarity between the two. [source] The Origins of the ,Nonmarket Economy': Ideas, Pluralism & Power in EC Anti-dumping Law about ChinaEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001Francis Snyder ,Market' and ,market economy' exercise a powerful, even magnetic grip on our collective imagination. But what do we mean by ,market economy'? Does it make sense to speak of a ,nonmarket economy', and if so, what does it mean? How are the ideas of ,market economy' and ,nonmarket economy' related? Focusing on EC anti-dumping law, this article seeks to answer these questions. It argues that the legal concept of ,nonmarket economy' in EC anti-dumping law has been socially constructed, by means of relations among a plurality of institutional and normative sites, as part of a changing configuration of legal ideas in specific historical circumstances, and in contexts of political, economic, social, and symbolic power. This argument is articulated in three parts. First, the concept of ,nonmarket economy' in EC anti-dumping law, though drawing on earlier elements, had its main roots in the early Cold War. Second, starting in the 1960s, the GATT multilateral negotiating rounds began to define more specific international rules of the game, but a variety of more localised processes played essential roles as forces of change. Of special importance were, first, the tension between legislative rules and administrative discretion in the United States, and, second, the Europeanisation of foreign trade law in the course of European integration. Third, the EC law concept of ,nonmarket economy' was born in the late 1970s. The main reasons were changes in the international anti-dumping law repertoire, specific ideas in Europe about comparative economic systems, and the perceived emergence of new economic threats, including exports from China. [source] The Myth of Pluralism, Diversity, and Vigor: The Constitutional Privilege of Protestantism in the United States and CanadaJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 3 2003Lori G. Beaman First page of article [source] Lost in the Supermarket: Comments on Beaman, Religious Pluralism, and What it Means to be FreeJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 3 2003Anthony Gill First page of article [source] Constitutional Privilege and Constituting Pluralism: Religious Freedom in National, Global, and Legal ContextJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 3 2003Peter Beyer Lori Beaman argues that religious freedom in Canada and the United States is well established in theory (or myth) but limited in practice, privileging Protestantism in particular and varieties of Christianity in general. Focusing on the treatment of other religions in the courts of the two countries, she defends the hypothesis that these legal systems tend to reinforce the hegemony of Christianity, using this as an implicit model of what constitutes a religion, and thereby maintaining the marginalization and restricting the freedom of other religions. The present article sets Beaman's arguments in a wider global context, exploring the extent to which Christianity does and does not serve as a global standard for religion; and addressing the question of why issues of religious freedom so frequently end up being the subject of legal judgment and political decision. The main conclusions drawn from this global contextualization are that maintenance of some kind of religious hegemony is the rule all across global society, not just in Canada and the United States, and that unfettered freedom of religion or genuine religious pluralization is correspondingly rare, if it exists anywhere. Moreover, it is argued that such limitations, frequently expressed in legal judgments and political decisions, are more or less to be expected because they flow from the peculiar way that religion has been constructed in the modern and global era as both a privileged and privatized, as both an encompassing and marginalized social domain. The article thereby simultaneously reinforces and takes issue with Beaman's position: the modern and global reconstruction of religion invites its infinite pluralization at the same time as it encourages its politicization and practical restriction. Religions act as important resources both for claims to inclusion and for strategies of relative exclusion. [source] Social semantics: toward a genuine pluralism in the study of social behaviourJOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008D. S. WILSON Abstract Pluralism is the coexistence of equivalent theoretical frameworks, either because they are historically entrenched or because they achieve separate insights by viewing the same process in different ways. A recent article by West et al. [Journal of Evolutionary Biology (2007) vol. 20, 415,432] attempts to classify the many equivalent frameworks that have been developed to study the evolution of social behaviour. This article addresses shortcomings in the West et al.'s article, especially with respect to multilevel selection, in a common effort to maximize the benefits of pluralism while minimizing the semantic costs. [source] A Non-Essentialist Version of Legal PluralismJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2000Brian Z. Tamanha The concept of legal pluralism has been touted by many socio-legal scholars as a key concept in the analysis of law. Yet, after almost twenty years of such claims, there has been little progress in the development of the concept. This article will argue that the underlying cause of this lack progress lies in the fact that promoters of the concept have relied upon function-based, essentialist concepts of law. It will describe the problems generated by such concepts and, following this general analysis, will review the versions of legal pluralism articulated by Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Gunther Teubner. The critique of their versions of legal pluralism will lead into the posing of a non-essentialist alternative which avoids the conceptual problems of prevailing versions of legal pluralism, and provides a better tool for purposes of research and analysis of the relationship between law and society. [source] Pluralism and diversity: trends in the use and application of ordination methods 1990-2007JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE, Issue 4 2009Henrik Von Wehrden Abstract Question: What are the trends and patterns in the application of ordination techniques in vegetation science since 1990? Location: Worldwide literature analysis. Methods: Evaluation of five major journals of vegetation science; search of all ISI-listed ecological journals. Data were analysed with ANCOVAs, Spearman rank correlations, GLMs, biodiversity indices and simple graphs. Results: The ISI search retrieved fewer papers that used ordinations than the manual evaluation of five selected journals. Both retrieval methods revealed a clear trend in increasing frequency of ordination applications from 1990 to the present. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was far more frequently detected by the ISI search than any other method. Applications such as Correspondence Analysis/Reciprocal Averaging and Detrended Correspondence Analysis have increasingly been used in studies published in "applied" journals, while Canonical Correspondence Analysis, Redundancy Analysis and Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling were more frequently used in journals focusing on more "basic" research. Overall, Detrended Correspondence Analysis was the most commonly applied method within the five major journals, although the number of publications slightly decreased over time. Use of Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling has increased over the last 10 years. Conclusion: The availability of suitable software packages has facilitated the application of certain techniques such as Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling. However, choices of ordination techniques are currently less driven by the constraints imposed by the software; there is also limited evidence that the choice of methods follows social considerations such as the need to use fashionable methods. Methodological diversity has been maintained or has even increased over time and reflects the researcher's need for diverse analytical tools suitable to address a wide range of questions. [source] The Heterogeneous State and Legal Pluralism in MozambiqueLAW & SOCIETY REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Boaventura de Sousa Santos This article analyzes some of the most salient features of the state and the legal system in Mozambique. I propose the concept of the heterogeneous state to highlight the breakdown of the modern equation between the unity of the state, on the one hand, and the unity of its legal and administrative operation, on the other. The centrality of legal pluralism is analyzed in light of an empirical research focused on community courts and traditional authorities. I use the concept of legal hybridization with the purpose of showing the porosity of the boundaries of the different legal orders and cultures in Mozambique and the deep cross-fertilizations or cross-contaminations among them. Special attention is given to the multicultural plurality resulting from the interaction between modern law and traditional law, the latter conceived here as an alternative modernity. [source] The Idea of Health: History, Medical Pluralism, and the Management of the Body in Emilia-Romagna, ItalyMEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2003Elizabeth D. Whitaker Basic beliefs about health in north central Italy derive from an approach to the personal management of the body that is not just reactive but also proactive. This article examines a complex field of health factors in relation to historical processes and a system of medical pluralism. Rapid demographic and social changes over the past century have brought an accommodation of ancient medical beliefs to more recent germ-oriented principles. An enduring belief in the permeability of the body leads to an emphasis on moderation in personal conduct to prevent debilitation, whether by atmospheric insults, microbial infection, or modern-day miasmas such as pollution or additives in food. The idea of health itself is analyzed to show how biomedicine varies across societies and how historical processes have shaped contemporary cultural patterns and led to generational continuities and differences in beliefs and behaviors. This information may also improve interactions between patients and health care providers, [health beliefs, Italy, Emilia-Romagna, humoral medicine, medical pluralism] [source] Book Reviews: Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia since Early Modern Times by Michael G. PeletzAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2010Robert W. Hefner No abstract is available for this article. [source] Multinational Federalism and Value Pluralism: the Spanish Case.NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 1 2006RAMÓN MÁIZ [source] Land Tenure and Legal Pluralism in the Peace ProcessPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 3 2003Jon D. Unruh Land tenure has proven to be one of the most vexing issues in a peace process. The disintegration of land and property rights institutions during armed conflict yet the importance of land and property to the conduct of conflict present particular dilemmas for a peace process attempting to reconfigure aspects of societal relations important to recovery. In this regard understanding what happens to land tenure as a set of social relations during and subsequent to armed conflict is important to the derivation of useful tools for managing tenure issues in a peace process. This article examines the development of multiple, informal "normative orders" regarding land tenure during armed conflict and how these are brought together in problematic form in a peace process. While there can be significant development of tenurial legal pluralism during armed conflict, it is during a peace process that problems associated with different approaches to land claim, access, use, and disputing become especially acute, because an end to hostilities drives land issues to the fore for large numbers of people over a short time frame. [source] Terrors of the Soul: Religious Pluralism, Epistemological Dread, and Cosmic Exaltation in Poe, Hawthorne, and MelvillePOE STUDIES, Issue 1-2 2006Brian YothersArticle first published online: 18 MAR 200 First page of article [source] "New Governance" and Associative Pluralism: The Case of Drug Policy in Swiss CitiesPOLICY STUDIES JOURNAL, Issue 4 2003Sonja Wälti Throughout the 1990s, hierarchical administrative governance structures have been replaced by self-governing networks for various motives, one of which is to improve the authenticity and democratic quality of public decisions. Thus, "new governance" has been praised for its propensity to provide a plurality of civil society organizations with access to the decision process. This article explores these claims based on the case of drug policy in Swiss cities. We show that self-governing networks indeed seem to have increased the involvement of civil society organizations in the policy process. However, we also find evidence that self-governing networks may in the longer run induce state control over civil society organizations, thus ultimately reducing associative pluralism. They do so either by imposing a policy paradigm or by excluding actors who do not comply with the dominant paradigm from the networks. We conclude by arguing that self-organizing networks should not be dismissed, given that former hierarchical bureaucratic approaches to drug-related problems have failed even worse. Rather, their long-term effects should be subject to further examination aimed at developing adequate responses to their shortcomings. [source] Moral Pluralism, Political Justification and Deliberative DemocracyPOLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2000Ian Chowcat We can make progress in political justification if we avoid debates about the extent of moral pluralism. Just by having a political view we are committed to its realization but also to its defence upon justifying grounds. It would be inconsistent to seek to realize my view in ways that undermined my ability to justify it. Yet justifying a view implies that I am open to challenges to it, and that perpetually draws me potentially into dialogue with all others, regardless of my will, and into structures which allow an inclusive dialogue to take place, with decisions being made, on the basis of open public discussion, with which I may disagree. Thus a form of deliberative democracy, probably with representative institutions, is justified, without any normative assumptions being made. [source] Deep Religious Pluralism , Edited by David Ray GriffinRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2006F. LeRon Shults No abstract is available for this article. [source] Portents of Pluralism: How Hybrid Regimes Affect Democratic TransitionsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2009Jason Brownlee The original studies of "competitive authoritarianism" and "hegemonic authoritarianism" inspected the occurrence of hybrid regimes during the 1990s but stopped short of testing their propensity for democratic change. This article assesses the causal effects of hybrid regimes, and the post,cold war period itself, on regime breakdown and democratization. Using a dataset of 158 regimes from 1975 to 2004, and a discrete measure for transitions to electoral democracy, I find that competitive authoritarian regimes are not especially prone to losing power but are significantly more likely to be followed by electoral democracy: vigorous electoral contestation does not independently subvert authoritarianism, yet it bodes well for democratic prospects once incumbents are overthrown. [source] Lonergan on Philosophic Pluralism: The Polymorphism of Consciousness as the Key to Philosophy.THE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010By Gerard Walmsley No abstract is available for this article. [source] Theology, Political Theory, and Pluralism.THE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007By Kristen Deede Johnson No abstract is available for this article. [source] Religious Pluralism in America: The Contentious History of a Founding IdealTHE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE, Issue 3 2004Clifford Putney No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||