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Asian Nations (asian + nation)
Kinds of Asian Nations Selected AbstractsA new transmission pricing approach for the electricity cross-border trade in the ASEAN Power GridEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 2 2007C. Adsoongnoen Abstract The electricity cross-border trade is presently introduced among the member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The ASEAN Power Grid (APG) is a plan to interconnect transmission networks among the ASEAN countries to optimize the use of energy resources; to operate the power network in an efficient, economical, and reliable manner; and to provide a close relation among the member countries by electric power interconnection. Transmission pricing is one of the controversial tasks to achieve the APG objectives. In this paper, a transmission pricing method for the electricity cross-border trade based on a combination of postage stamp method and sensitivity indices is proposed. The postage stamp pricing is a uniform tariff expected to recover the project investments, and the operation and maintenance costs. With the combination of the postage stamp method and sensitivity indices, the proposed pricing method sends proper incentive signals to power traders, which are based on system usage and congestion management. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed method is applied to a 12-bus test system. The nodal tariffs at the particular injecting points, payments of the users, and revenues of transmission owners are computed. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method ensures a recovery of the investment costs and the concurrent costs of operation and maintenance in an efficient, fair, and simple manner. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cultural Hegemony of Singapore among ASEAN Countries: Globalization and Cultural PolicyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Kenichi Kawasaki The Singapore Government started to call their city a "Global City for the Arts", making numerous cultural policy changes. They also worked on various cultural experiments to establish their cultural leadership or hegemony among Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. The development of arts policies, cultural industries and people's positive commitment towards cultural exchanges are examples of this change. Singapore therefore is now playing the role of the cultural hub among the ASEAN countries. As an example of this, the present study discusses "Esplanade", which opened as a huge cultural complex in October 2002. Then the paper will also discuss both bright and dark sides of the cultural development in Singapore. As a conclusion, this paper discusses the possibility of the cultural contribution of Singapore to ASEAN countries, in spite of having serious epistemological discontinuity among ASEAN. [source] Southeast Asia: A Community of DiversityPOLITICS & POLICY, Issue 1 2007Damien Kingsbury The region known as the Southeast provides the basis for a broad political community characterized by cultural and ethnic diversity, disparities in economic performance, and differences in regime and constitutional foundations. In recent years, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) group of nations has made strides toward building a community based on respect for these differences. Despite a growing acceptance for democratic processes and human rights, the influence of these values over existing institutions and state behavior remains incomplete. The future development of the ASEAN region, and the nations that comprise it, is likely to be based on the strength and character of the relationships these states forge with one another and with more powerful external actors. [source] Australia's Attitude Toward Asian Values and Regional Community Building1POLITICS & POLICY, Issue 1 2007Purnendra Jain Australia's engagement with Asian countries has often been problematic. In recent times, both for economic and security purposes, Australia has sought to deepen its relationship with its Asian neighbors, seeking, among other things, a more formal, ongoing role with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The response of Asian countries has not always been welcoming, with some Asian leaders questioning the value, appropriateness, and consequences of Australian engagement with Asia. This article reviews the policies of successive Australian governments toward Asia, ranging from the more enthusiastic approach of Labor governments to the more ambivalent position taken under the current prime minister, John Howard. While Australia is not in a position to endorse "Asian values," whatever these may be, neither is it in the country's interest to remain aloof from a region important to its economic prosperity and security. [source] Building e-government in East and Southeast Asia: Regional rhetoric and national (in)actionPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2002Ian HollidayArticle first published online: 9 OCT 200 Among many regional policy initiatives taken by states in East and Southeast Asia in the wake of the 1997 financial crisis, one central project launched by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and taken up by its dialogue partners in East Asia, was promotion of information and communication technology. While part of ASEAN's 1999,2004 action plan focused on services for business, another part sought to put public sectors online, and to promote electronic government, or e-government. Taking the 16 states and quasi-states of East and Southeast Asia, this article evaluates progress at the action plan's mid-point in January 2002. It begins by defining e-government and reviewing three academic literatures on the information age, developmental states, and Confucian societies. It then describes the major policy initiatives taken by ASEAN and its partner states, and surveys implementation progress through an analysis of government homepages and sites. Its main finding is that e-government activity in East and Southeast Asia is highly diverse, reflecting national strengths and weaknesses rather than regional capacity for policy change. The article argues for increased attention to national implementation strategies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Regional tourism and South-South economic cooperationTHE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2001Krishna B. Ghimire Regional tourism within developing countries is a growing phenomenon. Yet this aspect has been largely neglected in social science research as well as tourism planning. This paper highlights the general nature, scale and economic significance of regional tourism in three leading regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The topic is especially timely as economic self-reliance and cooperation are increasingly reiterated in the context of the emergence of regional groupings. A key question addressed is whether regional tourism development represents any new and viable prospects for regional economic improvement and partnership, especially compared to international tourism centred on attracting visitors from industrialized countries. Based on a critical assessment of the experiences of three regional blocs (ASEAN , the Association of South-East Asian Nations; SADC , the Southern African Development Community; and Mercosur , a common market comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, with Chile being an associated member), the paper suggests that a basic appreciation of the prospects of regional tourism is not enough to produce perceptible benefits. Regional tourism development is occurring in a haphazard manner, with little attention to managing existing socio-economic inequalities and centre-periphery relations. The paper is based primarily on the review of secondary literature readily available to the author combined with a few documents obtained directly from different regional organizations or through Internet search. A small amount of material, especially concerning emerging tourism trends and outcomes, is drawn from a research project on national mass tourism in developing countries coordinated by the author at the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva. [source] Committing to regional cooperation: ASEAN, globalisation and the Shin Corporation , Temasek Holdings dealASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 3 2009Sajid Anwar Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between regional and national identities in the age of globalisation, with particular reference to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). For members of ASEAN, economic integration is seen as a necessary step forward in order to (i) reduce reliance on Western countries during times of economic crisis and (ii) speed up the recovery process in the aftermath of a crisis. The concept of an ASEAN Economic Community represents a step towards achieving this goal. However, by means of a case study, this paper demonstrates that the idea of an ASEAN Economic Community does not yet have sufficiently solid foundations. Cracks appear when member states act in response to national interest. Given the frequency of friction between member nations, and the fact that ASEAN members are quite diverse in both economic and cultural respects, there is still much more to be done to realise the objective of forming an effective and credible regional economic group. In this paper some suggestions are offered that might assist with the achievement of this goal. [source] Explaining Trade Flows of SingaporeASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004Hans C. Blomqvist The objective of this paper is twofold. First, the development of the trade patterns of Singapore and particularly between Singapore and its South-East Asian partners will be outlined and interpreted against a backdrop of relevant trade policy measures, for example in the context of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Second, a simple model of the gravity type is applied in order to establish and quantify the role of various trade determinants. Despite the fact that Singapore has strived at being a ,global city', it remains rather heavily biased towards East Asia as far as foreign trade is concerned. The role of ASEAN in particular is strong, even if the role of entrepôt trade tends to exaggerate the degree of integration between the economies of Singapore and ASEAN. It also seems clear that the latter, as an organization, has not contributed much to the development of trade relations between its members. Rather the closeness and the liberalization of these economies during the last 15 years or so appear to have been decisive. It is interesting to note that the newer members of ASEAN seem to have been integrated quickly in Singapore's economic network. [source] Long-term Forecast of the Demographic Transition in Japan and AsiaASIAN ECONOMIC POLICY REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Takao KOMINE J11 Abstract The demographic structure of Asia is expected to change rapidly from around 2020 up to around 2050. Following Japan, which is already at an advanced stage of aging and birthrate decline, China, South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore will also witness a further decline in their birthrates and an aging of their populations. Next in line will be the remaining countries of the Association of South-East Asian Nations as well as India. Such changes, accompanied by a decline in the labor force, will not only adversely affect economic growth, but also have a major impact on voting structures, savings rates, and social security systems. Moreover, the process of demographic aging in Asia will be faster than in Japan, and its extent will be substantial, both of which exacerbates the negative effects. On positive side, these trends will give rise to the emergence of new markets. [source] ASEAN in the Asia Pacific: Central or Peripheral?ASIAN POLITICS AND POLICY, Issue 4 2010Julio Santiago Amador III The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an enduring regional organization in the Asia Pacific. However, its claim of being central to any talks on regional architecture is challenged by a multiplicity of external and internal factors. This article assesses ASEAN's centrality by looking into the possible challenges facing it, which inevitably affect its claim to be the central organization in managing the direction of the wider region. It then offers possible ways forward so that ASEAN can retain its leadership and prove to be a credible driver for regional cooperation. [source] Unraveling the Logic of ASEAN's Decision-Making: Theoretical Analysis and Case ExaminationASIAN POLITICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2010Yi-hung Chiou Throughout its history, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has based decisions on consensus and consultation, producing a loosely defined, weak regional organization. The results of nonbinding and watered-down resolutions make substantial progress for ASEAN difficult. This article explores the logic of ASEAN's decision-making by applying rational choice theory. It argues that the characteristics of ASEAN's decision-making mechanism allow member states to base their actions on how individual nations perceive their interests to be best served by group resolutions. By constructing a series of hypotheses to pattern ASEAN's decision-making, this article examines four cases and how players resolved each. The findings suggest that the constraints of group decision-making and divergent interests between member states play a major role in shaping the effectiveness of resolutions. [source] Revitalization of Local Community and Ethnicity: Nagasaki's Lantern Festival Among the Immigrant ChineseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Wei Wang Abstract: The Nagasaki's Lantern Festival is gaining popularity through the continued partnership between the immigrant Chinese (Kakyo) and Nagasaki city, largely owing to the ethnic Chinese revitalization movement and the distinct way of life typical in Nagasaki. Following my past research, I would like to discuss the development and modification of Nagasaki's Lantern Festival, to examine the relationship between the features specific to the Nagasaki area and the changes in the Kakyo community's sense of ethnicity amid the wave of globalization. By the Meiji period, ethnic Chinese society in Nagasaki consisted mainly of immigrants from Fu Jian province. Today the community is experiencing rapid transformation. In particular, the restoration of Sino,Japanese relations and the wave of internationalization have led to the creation of the Nagasaki Shinchi Chinatown Shopping District Promotion Association and the renewal of Chinatown for the ethnic Chinese. The Chinese Spring Festival, originally aimed toward community vitalization, not only included the Kakyo (immigrant Chinese) but the Japanese in the district and private corporations. Nagasaki was transformed not only into a strategic point for East Asia's multilateral trade, but also served as a trading center for the entire nation. But as Japanese ports opened their doors to the world after 1850, Nagasaki was reduced to only one of the local trading centers. As for overseas business, Nagasaki took advantage of its heavy industry by expanding its share in the Asian international market and has been striving in the domestic market to activate the local economy through tourism. Such strategy hinges on the rich historical and cultural resources formed and nurtured within the 400 years of relations with Asian nations. The historical merger between the Kakyo community and its cultural tradition in Nagasaki society served as one of the incentives for such development and progress. The enlargement of Nagasaki's Lantern Festival has been achieved as part of this concept of "Asian-oriented region", in line with the city's plan on tourism promotion. [source] Incentives for International Migration of Scientists and Engineers to JapanINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 4 2009Yukiko Murakami Many developed countries, welcome foreign talent, and Japan is no exception. The Japanese government has developed programmes for expanding the acceptance of foreign labour in specialized and technical fields, in order to compete with foreign nations in the global economy and accommodate the highly specialized domestic industrial structure. This paper focuses on scientists and engineers (S&E) as a component of the highly skilled labour force, and examines their incentives for migrating to Japan, which is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world. According to a survey conducted in 2004, the majority of S&E working in Japan migrated from Asian nations, and many obtained their doctoral degrees in Japan and continued to stay in the country to work. Key incentives for migration are Japan's high level of science and technology, opportunities to acquire cutting-edge knowledge, and prospects for improving performance in an environment with large budgets, superior equipment and facilities, and good quality human resources. In particular, the technological environment is influential for S&E from countries with a significant technological gap when compared with Japan. However, this does not mean that S&E are indifferent to monetary rewards. The salary gap, which is considered to be a major factor in international mobility in to traditional economic theory, has also proven to be a significant incentive, particularly for S&E from countries where the gap in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita compared with Japan is large. In addition, cultural and social aspects of Japan attract mainly young S&E. The attractiveness of Japanese culture, opportunities to learn the Japanese language, and chances to build a network of personal contacts are important incentives for migration. This study presents some policy implications for countries competing over capable S&E. [source] Fisheries, large-scale trade, and conservation of seahorses in Malaysia and ThailandAQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 4 2010Allison L. Perry Abstract 1.All seahorse species (genus Hippocampus) are listed under CITES Appendix II, requiring that exports of these fishes must be regulated for sustainability. Preliminary trade surveys and anecdotal reports suggested Malaysia and Thailand represented an important source for seahorses used globally in traditional medicine, curios, and aquarium display, but few historic trade or fisheries data are available. Baseline information about pre-CITES catch and trade is essential for managing seahorse fisheries and trade under CITES, and for understanding present-day effects of CITES regulation on the seahorse trade. 2.In 1998,1999, seahorse fisheries and trade in both countries were assessed by interviewing participants at many levels of the trade and corroborating those surveys with official trade documents. 3.Seahorses were found to be landed primarily as trawl bycatch. Malaysia's catch of 2900,kg year,1 was less than the estimated domestic consumption (5500,6000,kg year,1), whereas Thailand's catch of 6600,kg year,1 apparently far exceeded domestic consumption (,520,kg year,1). 4.Both countries imported seahorses from and exported to other Asian nations. Import statistics from Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan recorded maximum annual trade from Malaysia at 1280,kg year,1. Trade surveys indicated that Thailand exported at least 5000,kg annually (similar to the estimation of catch), but national Customs records reported 10,500,kg year,1 in exports, supported by official import records from Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan which indicated that Thailand was the source of up to 11,400,kg year,1. 5.Fishers and traders in both countries reported decreasing availability of seahorses, raising conservation concerns. These apparent declines, in combination with substantial domestic consumption, point towards the challenges that Malaysia and Thailand face in establishing sustainable levels of exports under CITES. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The rise and rise of social psychology in Asia: A bibliometric analysisASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Nick Haslam The growth of social psychology in Asia from 1970 to 2008 was examined through a bibliometric analysis of articles in the ISI Web of Science database that listed Asian-based authors. The 1866 articles have appeared at an accelerating rate, and represent a rapidly-growing share of global publications in the field. Publication trajectories of different Asian nations show the Indian first wave, Hong Kong and Japan's second wave, and China and Taiwan's third wave of growth. Trends in the rates of Asian first authorship, single-nation authorship, and cross-cultural research suggest that Asian social psychology is increasingly more autonomous and distinctive. [source] The Seed of Freedom: Regional Security and the Colombo PlanAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 1 2000Daniel Oakman Established in 1950, the Colombo Plan was a comprehensive program of foreign aid provided to South East Asian nations. In this article I argue that the Colombo Plan had a much broader political and cultural agenda, and cannot be understood from a humanitarian perspective alone. By exploring some of the cultural, ideological and political underpinnings of the scheme I illustrate that, as part of a comprehensive foreign policy, it is best understood as being motivated by international security priorities and the need to ally domestic cultural concerns. Although the Colombo Plan was inherently defensive, it also proved to be something of a progressive force which prepared the ground for a much closer relationship with (and within) the Southeast Asian region. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||