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Asian Male (asian + male)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Is the constipated Asian male more common than we think?

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2007
Kok-Ann Gwee
[source]

Accumulation of Hemoglobin-Associated Acetaldehyde With Habitual Alcohol Drinking in the Atypical ALDH Genotype

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 1 2000
Tatsuya Takeshita
Background: Those with the atypical genotypes of low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) have high blood concentrations of free acetaldehyde, an active metabolite of ethanol, after drinking alcohol. In the present study, we measured acetaldehyde reversibly bound to hemoglobin (HbAA) in Japanese male workers. Methods: One hundred and sixty Japanese male workers in one plant participated with informed consent. The subjects were genotyped for the ALDH2 polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction method. HbAA levels were measured using a high performance liquid chromatography system with a fluorescence detector. For the study in which we examined accumulation of HbAA, eight Asian male volunteers participated with informed consent. Results: Although HbAA levels were significantly correlated with recent alcohol consumption in both typical (ALDH2*1/*1) and atypical (ALDH2*1/*2)genotypes, the slope in ALDH2*1/*2 was significantly steeper than that in ALDH2*1/*1. Multiple regression analysis on relevant factors for HbAA revealed that not only recent but also daily alcohol consumption increased HbAA levels in those with the ALDH2*1/*2 genotype, which suggests that HbAA accumulates with habitual drinking. We measured HbAA levels before, during, and after alcohol consumption,one drink (0.4 ml/kg) per day,for 7 consecutive days in male volunteers. During the drinking period, HbAA lincarly increased in ALDH2*1/*2 (n= 4) but not in ALDH2*1/*1 (n= 4). After reaching peak levels (+76.1 nmol/g hemoglobin) following the seventh drink, HbAA levels gradually decreased but were significantly higher for 3 days after drinking was discontinued. Conclusions: We demonstrated that HbAA levels accumulate with habitual alcohol drinking in the atypical ALDH2 genotype. HbAA was shown to be a good biomarker for increased internal exposure levels to acetaldehyde. [source]

Do alcohol-metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms increase the risk of alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease?,

HEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
Elias Zintzaras
Case,control studies that have investigated the association between alcoholism and alcohol-induced liver damage and the ADH2, ADH3, CYP2E1, and ADLH2 polymorphisms have reported controversial or inconclusive results. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of 50 association studies of the above polymorphisms. We explored potential sources of heterogeneity and bias, performed subgroup analyses by racial background and sex, performed sensitivity analyses for studies not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and performed a subgroup analysis for cases that met strict criteria for alcoholism. The present meta-analysis underscores significant associations of ADH2*1, ADH3*2, and ALDH2*1 alleles and the risk of alcoholism (OR = 1.89 [95% CI 1.56,2.28], 1.32 [95% CI 1.12,1.57], and 4.35 [95% CI 3.04,6.23], respectively). The subsequent subgroup analyses showed association for ADH2*1 and ADH3*2 only in East Asians (OR = 2.23 [95% CI 1.81,2.74] and 1.91 [95% CI 1.45,2.53], respectively) and East Asian males (OR = 2.21 [95% CI 1.57,3.10], 1.69 [95% CI 1.10,2.59], respectively). In East Asian males, the OR for ALDH2*1 was 3.66 (95% CI 1.68,7.96). In Caucasians, sensitivity analysis revealed an association for ADH2*1 in alcoholism (OR = 1.62 [95% CI 1.22,1.89]). When strict criteria were imposed, the pattern of results remained unaltered. For liver disease, there were no significant associations for ADH2*1, ADH3*2, or ALDH2*1 in all subpopulations. The CYP2E1 polymorphism showed no association whatsoever. There is evidence that alleles are mainly dominant. In conclusion, there was heterogeneity between studies in alcoholism for ADH2, ADH3, and ALDH2, and lack of bias in all polymorphisms. The above findings reinforce the need for more rigorous studies, and for regular synthesis of studies' results. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:352,361.) [source]

English language proficiency and smoking prevalence among California's Asian Americans,

CANCER, Issue S12 2005
Hao Tang M.D., Ph.D.
Abstract The authors documented California's tobacco control initiatives for Asian Americans and the current tobacco use status among Asian subgroups and provide a discussion of the challenges ahead. The California Tobacco Control Program has employed a comprehensive approach to decrease tobacco use in Asian Americans, including ethnic-specific media campaigns, culturally competent interventions, and technical assistance and training networks. Surveillance of tobacco use among Asian Americans and the interpretation of the results have always been a challenge. Data from the 2001 The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were analyzed to provide smoking prevalence estimates for all Asian Americans and Asian-American subgroups, including Korean, Filipino, Japanese, South Asian, Chinese, and Vietnamese. Current smoking prevalence was analyzed by gender and by English proficiency level. Cigarette smoking prevalence among Asian males in general was almost three times of that among Asian females. Korean and Vietnamese males had higher cigarette smoking prevalence rates than males in other subgroups. Although Asian females in general had low smoking prevalence rates, significant differences were found among Asian subgroups, from 1.1% (Vietnamese) to 12.7% (Japanese). Asian men who had high English proficiency were less likely to be smokers than men with lower English proficiency. Asian women with high English proficiency were more likely to be smokers than women with lower English proficiency. Smoking prevalence rates among Asian Americans in California differed significantly on the basis of ethnicity, gender, and English proficiency. English proficiency seemed to have the effect of reducing smoking prevalence rates among Asian males but had just the opposite effect among Asian females. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source]