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Asian Ethnicity (asian + ethnicity)
Selected AbstractsThe current status of targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancerINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 9 2010H. Francis Abstract Lung cancer accounts for more cancer-related deaths than any other malignancy in Australia and worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of lung cancers and is associated with a 5-year survival of only 15%. Treatment with platinum-based doublets in the first-line setting and single agent chemotherapy in the second-line setting has improved survival and quality of life in patients with NSCLC. However, the benefits associated with chemotherapy are modest and serve to stress the need for novel therapeutic approaches. In the last decade a range of targeted therapies has been evaluated in NSCLC. Dramatic and often durable responses were seen in patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) gefitinib and erlotinib particularly in females, non-smokers, patients of East Asian ethnicity and those with adenocarcinomas , a group subsequently found to be enriched for tumours with activating EGFR mutations. Large randomized phase III trials have since established a role for EGFR TKI in the second- and third-line setting as well as a potential role for the monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab and cetuximab, directed at vascular endothelial growth factor and EGFR, respectively, in the combination with chemotherapy in the first-line setting. Recently it has been shown that patients with EGFR mutations may benefit from gefitinib in the first-line setting. Other promising agents under evaluation are inhibitors of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and inhibitors of recently described ALK gene rearrangements. [source] Medical students' recognition of elder abuseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 7 2009Jonas Thompson-McCormick Abstract Objectives To determine the proportion of fourth-year medical students who correctly recognise abusive and not abusive care of older people and whether recognition is related to sociodemographic factors and education. Design A cross-sectional self-report questionnaire study, using the Caregiving Scenario Questionnaire; measuring recognition of elder abuse according to the Department of Health's definition. Participants Fourth-year medical students at University College London and the University of Birmingham, UK. Results Two hundred and two of 207 students (97.6%) responded. Twenty-nine of 201 (14.4%) identified accepting someone was not clean; 113/200 (56.5%) locking someone in alone; and 160/200 (80.0%) trapping someone in an armchair as abusive. All medical students correctly identified four out of five not abusive responses. Twelve (6.0%) incorrectly identified camouflaging the door to prevent wandering as abusive. Logistic regression analysis found the independent predictors of recognising that locking in alone was abusive were working as a professional carer (OR,=,3.33, 95% CI,=,1.25,8.89, p,<,0.05) and reporting being taught to look for elder abuse (OR,=,0.46, 95% CI,=,0.24,0.89, p,<,0.05). Similarly, the independent predictors of recognising that restraint in an armchair was abusive were attending university A versus university B (OR,=,2.38, 95% CI,=,1.09,5.26, p,<,0.05); being of White British versus Asian ethnicity (OR,=,4.00, 95% CI,=,1.75,9.09, p,<,0.01). Conclusions Medical students are good at recognising not abusive care, but not as successful at recognising elder abuse. Working as a professional carer was associated with better recognition of abuse, while personal contact with a person with dementia and recalling formal education about abuse were not. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] An investigation of medication adherence to 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis, using self-report and urinary drug excretion measurementsALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 11-12 2009T. MOSHKOVSKA Summary Background, Non-adherence to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) medication can limit the established benefits of this therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim, To determine rates and predictors of non-adherence to 5-ASA therapy in UC patients. Methods, Medication adherence was assessed using self-report data and urinary drug excretion measurements. Participants completed a study-specific questionnaire and two validated questionnaires: Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ)-Specific and Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale. Results, A total of 169 participants provided self-report adherence data; 151 also provided urine samples. Adherence rates were 111/151 (68%) according to self-report and 90/151 (60%) according to urine analysis, but the two measures were not correlated (,2 = 0.12, P = 0.725). Logistic regression identified a significant association between self-reported non-adherence and younger age [odds ratio (OR) for increased age 0.954, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.932,0.976] and also doubts about personal need for medication (OR for BMQ , Specific Necessity scores 0.578, 95% CI 0.366,0.913). For non-adherence based on urine analysis, only South Asian ethnicity was independently associated with non-adherence (OR 2.940, 95% CI 1.303,6.638). Conclusions, Our observations confirm the difficulty of accurately assessing medication adherence. Nonmodifiable (younger age, South Asian ethnicity) and potentially modifiable (medication beliefs) predictors of non-adherence were identified. [source] A meta-analytic review of obesity prevention in the schools: 1997,2008PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 8 2009Catherine Cook-Cottone A meta-analysis was conducted on school-based interventions to reduce obesity in children. Sixty-six (k = 66, N = 31,059) comparisons from 40 published studies from 1997 through 2008 were included in analyses. Results indicated a significant effect for school-based interventions with an overall weighted effect size of r = .05. Several moderating factors were examined to explain the heterogeneity in study outcomes. Interventions that were universal (k = 37, r = .07), conducted in elementary schools (k = 41, r = .06), implemented collaboratively (k = 19, r = .12), primarily included children of Asian ethnicity (k = 5, r = .30), encouraged nutritional change (k = 28, r = .13), and sought to reduce sedentary behaviors (k = 17, r = .15) were identified as more successful in reducing students' obesity-related outcomes. Factors that resulted in negative effects for school-based programs included interventions of short duration (k = 11, r = ,.04) and those that implemented system-wide changes in nutrition (k = 15, r = ,.03). The variability in study effect sizes is discussed, and recommendations are made for future school-based interventions targeting children. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The ethnic geography of New Zealand: A decade of growth and change, 1991,2001ASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 2 2003Ron J. Johnston Abstract: New Zealand's population growth of 10 per cent over the decade 1991,2001 resulted substantially from an increasing number of those claiming Pacific Island and Asian ethnicity, and to a lesser extent of the New Zealand Maori. Using census data for a comparable set of small areas with average populations of just over 100, this paper examines the changing geography of the four main ethnic categories , New Zealand European, New Zealand Maori, Pacific Island Peoples, and Asians , across the country as a whole and in its major settlements, especially Auckland. There is little extreme segregation of the three minority groups, but most of the Europeans live in areas where there is little exposure to those of other ethnicities. Most of the changes in segregation reflect the growth of Auckland's Pacific Island and, especially, Asian populations. [source] Prevalence and risk factors of severe obstetric haemorrhageBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 10 2008I Al-Zirqi Objective, To determine the prevalence, causes, risk factors and acute maternal complications of severe obstetric haemorrhage. Design, Population-based registry study. Population, All women giving birth (307 415) from 1 January 1999 to 30 April 2004 registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Information about socio-economic risk factors was obtained from Statistics Norway. Methods, Cross-tabulation was used to study prevalence, causes and acute maternal complications of severe obstetric haemorrhage. Associations of severe obstetric haemorrhage with demographic, medical and obstetric risk factors were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Main outcome measure, Severe obstetric haemorrhage (blood loss of > 1500 ml or blood transfusion). Results, Severe obstetric haemorrhage was identified in 3501 women (1.1%). Uterine atony, retained placenta and trauma were identified causes in 30, 18 and 13.9% of women, respectively. The demographic factors of a maternal age of ,30 years and South-East Asian ethnicity were significantly associated with an increased risk of haemorrhage. The risk was lower in women of Middle Eastern ethnicity, more than three and two times higher for emergency caesarean delivery and elective caesarean than for vaginal birth, respectively, and substantially higher for multiple pregnancies, von Willebrand's disease and anaemia (haemoglobin <9 g/dl) during pregnancy. Admissions to an intensive care unit, postpartum sepsis, hysterectomy, acute renal failure and maternal deaths were significantly more common among women with severe haemorrhage. Conclusion, The high prevalence of severe obstetric haemorrhage indicates the need to review labour management procedures. Demographic and medical risk factors can be managed with extra vigilance. [source] Low rates of colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening in Asian Americans compared with non-Hispanic whitesCANCER, Issue 1 2006Cultural influences or access to care? Abstract BACKGROUND Asian Americans have lower cancer screening rates compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Little is known about mechanisms that underlie disparities in cancer screening. The objectives of the current study were 1) to determine the relation between nativity, years in the United States, language, and cancer screening in NHWs and Asian Americans, independent of access to care and 2) to determine whether Asians reported different reasons than NHWs for not obtaining cancer screening. METHODS This population-based study included 36,660 NHWs, 1298 Chinese, 944 Filipinos, 803 Koreans, 857 Vietnamese, and 1036 Other Asians from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey. The main study outcomes were 1) self-reported colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening and 2) reasons for not obtaining cancer screening. RESULTS After adjusting for access to care, several Asian subgroups still had significantly lower rates of all types of cancer screening compared with NHWs. Adjusting for nativity, years in the United States, and English language attenuated the relation between Asian ethnicity and lower rates of colorectal and breast cancer screening. When they were asked what the most important reason was for not having each screening test, foreign-born Asians were significantly more likely than United States-born NHWs to report that they "didn't have problems/symptoms" (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Nativity, years in the United States, and English language may be markers of cultural differences that are mediating cancer screening disparities. Foreign-born Asians may believe that cancer screening is in response to symptoms rather than tests that are used prior to the development of symptoms. Health education messages must consider how to communicate effectively that "cancer screening is valuable, because it finds cancer before it is advanced enough to cause symptoms." Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society. [source] | |||||||||||||