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Physiologic Parameters (physiologic + parameter)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Physiologic Evaluation of Bifurcation Lesions Using Fractional Flow Reserve

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
BON-KWON KOO M.D., Ph.D.
Functional evaluation of bifurcation lesions is more difficult than usual lesions due to their complex anatomy. Angiographic and intravascular ultrasound criteria for main branch intervention cannot be directly applied to side branch lesions due to the difference in underlying lesion characteristics, geometric changes during intervention, and the size of myocardial territory. Fractional flow reserve is a physiologic parameter which reflects both the degree of stenosis and the area of perfusion supplied by a specific coronary artery. The present review will focus on using fractional flow reserve in bifurcation lesions. [source]

Effects of EP1 receptor on cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in mice

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 11 2007
Sofiyan Saleem
Abstract The lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exhibits diverse biologic activity in a variety of tissues. Four PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1,4) are involved in various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, but differ in tissue distribution, ligand-binding affinity, and coupling to intracellular signaling pathways. To characterize the role of the EP1 receptor, physiologic parameters (mean arterial blood pressure, pH, blood gases PaO2 and PaCO2, and body temperature), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and neuronal cell death were studied in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke in wild-type (WT) and EP1 knockout (EP1,/,) mice. The right middle cerebral artery was occluded for 60 min, and absolute CBF was measured by [14C] iodoantipyrine autoradiography. The effect of EP1 receptor on oxidative stress in neuronal cultures was investigated. Although no differences were observed in the physiologic parameters, CBF was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in EP1,/, mice than in WT mice, suggesting a role for this receptor in physiologic and pathophysiologic control of vascular tone. Similarly, neuronal cultures derived from EP1,/, mice were more resistant (90.6 ± 5.8% viability) to tert -butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress than neurons from WT mice (39.6 ± 17.2% viability). The EP1 receptor antagonist SC-51089 and calcium channel blocker verapamil each attenuated the neuronal cell death induced by PGE2. Thus, the prostanoid EP1 receptor plays a significant role in regulating CBF and neuronal cell death. These findings suggest that pharmacologic modulation of the EP1 receptor might be a means to improve CBF and neuronal survival during ischemic stroke. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Breastfeeding is an essential complement to vaccination

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2009
Josè G Dòrea
Abstract Aim:, This article explores the role of breastfeeding in different aspects of vaccination in the first 6 months when infants are still developing: (1) pain management; (2) immunomodulation of infants' vaccine responses; (3)metabolism of thimerosal. Methods:, Major databases were searched for studies that addressed outcomes of related issues. Results:, Studies reveal that breastfeeding can: (1) help mothers and infants to cope with the stressful situations that accompany parenteral vaccines; (2) improve response to vaccines in the still maturing immunologic and enterohepatic systems of infants; (3) influence physiologic parameters that can change metabolism of ethylmercury derived from some vaccines. Conclusion: Health promotion that supports vaccinations should also emphasize early initiation and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding up until 6 months for maximum protection of the infants with a possible beneficial effect on the vaccine response. Paediatric professionals should inform mothers of the proven benefits of breastfeeding and its importance in complementing vaccination and lowering stress and the risk of untoward reactions on susceptible infants. [source]

Allergen-specific antibody and cytokine responses, mast cell reactivity and intestinal permeability upon oral challenge of sensitized and tolerized mice

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 1 2010
C. Perrier
Summary Background Food allergy has reached an epidemic level in westernized countries and although central mechanisms have been described, the variability associated with genetic diversity underscores the still unresolved complexity of these disorders. Objective To develop models of food allergy and oral tolerance, both strictly induced by the intestinal route, and to compare antigen-specific responses. Methods BALB/c mice were mucosally sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin, or tolerized by intra-gastric administrations of OVA alone. Antibody titres and cytokines were determined by ELISA, and allergic status was determined through several physiologic parameters including decline in temperature, diarrhoea, mast cell degranulation and intestinal permeability. Results OVA-specific antibodies (IgE, IgGs and IgA in serum and feces) were produced in sensitized mice exclusively. Upon intra-gastric challenge with OVA, sensitized mice developed anaphylactic reactions associated with a decline of temperature, diarrhoea, degranulation of mast cells, which were only moderately recruited in the small intestine, and increased intestinal permeability. Cytokines produced by immune cells from sensitized mice included T-helper type 2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13), but also IL-10, IFN-, and IL-17. In contrast, all markers of allergy were totally absent in tolerized animals, and yet the latter were protected from subsequent sensitization, demonstrating that oral tolerance took place efficiently. Conclusion This work allows for the first time an appropriate comparison between sensitized and tolerized BALB/c mice towards OVA. It highlights important differences from other models of allergy, and thus questions some of the generally accepted notions of allergic reactions, such as the protective role of IFN-,, the importance of antigen-specific secretory IgA and the role of mucosal mast cells in intestinal anaphylaxis. In addition, it suggests that IL-17 might be an effector cytokine in food allergy. Finally, it demonstrates that intestinal permeability towards the allergen is increased during challenge. Cite this as: C. Perrier, A.-C. Thierry, A. Mercenier and B. Corthésy, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 153,162. [source]