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Physical Consequences (physical + consequence)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Unwanted Infants: Psychological and Physical Consequences of Inadequate Orphanage Care 50 Years Later

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2003
John J. Sigal PhD
Studies of the effects in middle-aged adults of institutionalization at birth or early childhood are rare. The results of this study show that members of a randomly selected, middle-aged group of orphans, most of whom were institutionalized at birth, were significantly more psychosocially dysfunctional and had significantly more chronic illnesses that could be stress related than a randomly selected, matched community sample. [source]

ALS patients request more information about cognitive symptoms

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2008
P. Wicks
Background and purpose:, Once thought to impact only voluntary motor function, ALS/Motor neuron disease (MND) is now seen as a multi-system disorder in which a minority of patients experience mild cognitive dysfunction or frontotemporal dementia. Despite clinical guidelines advocating supplying complete information to patients, educational materials on ALS often state that the mind is unaffected. We sought to establish how much patients and caregivers understand about ALS, what they have been told to expect by their physician, and if they would have appreciated more complete information. Methods:, A two-part survey was administered online. An ,ALS quiz' gauged participants' knowledge of physical and psychological aspects of ALS. A second questionnaire assessed which symptoms patients had discussed with their clinician and explored patients' desire to receive information on psychological effects. Results:, A total of 247 ALS patients and 87 caregivers participated. Participants knew less about psychological symptoms than physical ones (72% correct responses versus 82%; paired t(333) = ,5.04, P < 0.001). Patients commonly reported being told by their doctor about physical symptoms such as problems walking (85%) or stiffness/cramps (74%) but not psychological issues like emotional lability (46%) or cognitive change (11%). The majority of patients (62%) and carers (71%) indicated a desire to be informed that cognitive change or dementia might occur. Conclusion:, ALS is a multi-system disorder. However, despite a desire for more information from patients and their carers, healthcare professionals continue to primarily address only the physical consequences of the disease. [source]

Evaluating the physiological and physical consequences of capture on post-release survivorship in large pelagic fishes

FISHERIES MANAGEMENT & ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
G. B. SKOMAL
Abstract, Sharks, tunas and billfishes are fished extensively throughout the world. Domestic and international management measures (quotas, minimum sizes, bag limits) mandate release of a large, yet poorly quantified, number of these fishes annually. Post-release survivorship is difficult to evaluate, because standard methods are not applicable to large oceanic fishes. This paper presents information on the current approaches to characterising capture stress and survivorship in sharks, tunas and marlins. To assess mortality associated with capture stress, researchers must examine the cumulative impacts of physical trauma and physiological stress. Physical trauma, manifested as external and internal tissue and organ damage, is caused by fishing gear and handling. Gross examination and histopathological sampling have been used to assess physical trauma and to infer post-release survivorship. Exhaustive anaerobic muscular activity and time out of water cause physiological stress, which has been quantified in these fishes through the analyses of blood chemistry. Conventional, acoustic and archival tagging have been used to assess post-release survivorship in these species. Future studies relating capture stress and post-release survivorship could yield information that helps fishermen increase survivorship when practicing catch and release. [source]

The experience of living with a chronic illness during adolescence: a critical review of the literature

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 23 2008
Rachel M Taylor
Aims., To identify and critique literature on the adolescent lived experience of chronic illness; describe the lived experience; and to make recommendations for clinical practice. Background., Young people with chronic illness have the same developmental issues as those who are healthy. However, development can be disrupted by treatment and repeated hospitalisation. While the physical consequences of chronic illness on development have been established, the subjective personal experience is less known. Design., Literature review. Methods., Electronic databases and hand searches were made of the literature published between January 1990,September 2007. Literature was eligible for inclusion if it involved adolescents between 10,19 years, and published in English and used qualitative methods of data collection. Methodological quality was assessed using the criteria described by Cesario et al. [Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatal Nursing 31 (2002) 31]. Conclusions., Twenty studies were identified involving young people with a wide variety of chronic illnesses. The study quality was variable, however, generally the majority was assessed as being good or fair. Seven common themes were found between the identified studies: developing and maintaining friendships; being normal/getting on with life; the importance of family; attitude to treatment; experiences of school; relationship with the healthcare professionals; and the future. Relevance to practice., As there was commonality in themes between studies strategies to lessen the burden of chronic illness during adolescence do not necessarily need to be disease specific. Nurses need to focus on treating the young person rather than their illness. [source]

Breakdown of Casimir invariance in curved space-time

ANNALEN DER PHYSIK, Issue 8 2010
D. Singh
Abstract It is shown that the commonly accepted definition for the Casimir scalar operators of the Poincaré group does not satisfy the properties of Casimir invariance when applied to the non-inertial motion of particles while in the presence of external gravitational and electromagnetic fields, where general curvilinear co-ordinates are used to describe the momentum generators within a Fermi normal co-ordinate framework. Specific expressions of the Casimir scalar properties are presented. While the Casimir scalar for linear momentum remains Lorentz invariant in the absence of external fields, this is no longer true for the spin Casimir scalar. Potential implications are considered for the propagation of photons, gravitons, and gravitinos as described by the spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger vector-spinor field. In particular, it is shown that non-inertial motion introduces a frame-based effective mass to the spin interaction, with interesting physical consequences that are explored in detail. [source]

Linking ecological and hydromorphological data: approaches, challenges and future prospects for riverine science

AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue S1 2010
I. P. Vaughan
Abstract 1.Research linking river ecology and hydromorphology is driven by concerns about hydromorphological pressures (e.g. abstraction, land-use change) and legislative (e.g. EU Water Framework Directive) or management needs (e.g. climate-change adaptation). Unfortunately, much of the science is still weak or qualitative (cf. links between ecology and water quality). 2.Rapid progress is required, but financial resources are limited. In response, research opportunities using existing ecological and hydromorphological data and survey methods need to be explored further. 3.There are challenges inherent in using existing data, which are often collected for different purposes, and this paper highlights aspects of spatial scale, temporal coverage, sampling biases, data quality and mining, and the problems faced when using pre-defined sets of variables. 4.While the prospects for exploiting existing data are mixed, distinct strengths arise from extensive geographic coverage, the ability to improve the evidence base rapidly and at low cost, and the generation of testable hypotheses. 5.Current survey methods usually record biological or hydromorphic patterns, or inventories of features (cf. physical processes, or ecosystem functions or services). Their greatest use is likely to be in extending current spatially extensive biological or water chemistry monitoring to more integrated ,eco-hydromorphic' monitoring. 6.With further methodological development, there is real scope for illuminating several aspects of riverine ecology, including the direct ecological and physical consequences of modifying river systems; revealing indirect sensitivity to other pressures, such as climate change; offering a more holistic picture of the distribution of pressures on river ecosystems; and developing hydromorphology as a unifying theme in river studies. However, such developments require funding commitments from research sponsors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]