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Philosopher
Selected AbstractsXUNZI AS A SYSTEMATIC PHILOSOPHER: TOWARD AN ORGANIC UNITY OF NATURE, MIND, AND REASONJOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2008CHUNG-YING CHENG [source] WHAT KIND OF PHILOSOPHER WAS LOCKE ON MIND AND BODY?PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2010HAN-KYUL KIM The wide range of conflicting interpretations that exist in regard to Locke's philosophy of mind and body (i.e. dualistic, materialist, idealistic) can be explained by the general failure of commentators to appreciate the full extent of his nominalism. Although his nominalism that focuses on specific natural kinds has been much discussed, his mind-body nominalism remains largely neglected. This neglect, I shall argue, has given rise to the current diversity of interpretations. This paper offers a solution to this interpretative puzzle, and it attributes a view to Locke that I shall describe as nominal symmetry. [source] A PHILOSOPHER AND HER HEADACHES: THE TRIBULATIONS OF ANNE CONWAYPHILOSOPHICAL FORUM, Issue 3 2008ROBERT MARTENSEN First page of article [source] Marshalling the Self: James D. Marshall as Educational PhilosopherEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2005Michael A. Peters First page of article [source] Jacques Derrida as a Philosopher of EducationEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2000Peter Trifonas First page of article [source] Joseph Priestley: Scientist, Philosopher, and Theologian , Edited by Isabel Rivers and David L. WykesJOURNAL FOR EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES, Issue 3 2009Jan Golinski No abstract is available for this article. [source] Confessions of a PhilosopherNURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2001David Greaves First page of article [source] Henry George Under the Microscope: Comments on "Henry George's Political Critics"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Article first published online: 20 OCT 200, Richard Giles The annual supplement of the AJES for 2008 titled Henry George: Political Ideologue, Social Philosopher, and Economic Theorist had as its first and longest essay "Henry George's Political Critics" by Professor Michael Hudson. It offered a multitude of criticisms, most of which Prof. Hudson seemed to agree with. All purported to be criticisms of George as a political strategist, though some seem more to originate from Hudson's disagreement with theoretical positions George was bound to take. The purpose of this short paper is to show that Professor Hudson's long article fails to do what it seems intended to do. That is, it fails to show that trade unionists and especially socialists were "natural allies" of the Georgist movement, that it was George's fault that that they were not, and that George "allied" his movement irrevocably to "capital," rejecting its "natural allies." [source] James Madison: Philosopher, Founder, and Statesman , Edited by John R. Vile, William D. Pederson, and Frank J. WilliamsPRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2010Peter C. Messer No abstract is available for this article. [source] Justin, Philosopher and Martyr: Apologies , Edited with a commentary on the text by Denis Minns and Paul ParvisRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 3 2010Michael W. Holmes No abstract is available for this article. [source] Vine Deloria Jr. as a Philosopher of Education: An Essay of RemembranceANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2007Troy A. Richardson This essay engages the concepts of maturity, relationality, and responsibility in the writings of Vine Deloria Jr. as foundational to a Native philosophy of education. After situating Deloria and these Native philosophic concepts as a moment of difference in the colonial,modern world, I explore how these concepts of maturity, relationships, and responsibility have been discussed in his work and remain potent forces in the continuing evolution of education among Native peoples. [source] A Guide to Educational Philosophizing After HeideggerEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2008Donald Vandenberg Abstract This paper heeds the advice of EPAT's editor, who said he ,will be happy to publish further works on Heidegger and responses to these articles' after introducing four articles on Heidegger (and one of his students) and education in the August, 2005, issue. It discusses the papers in order of appearance critically, for none of them shows understanding of Heidegger's writings and descriptions of human existence in his most important work, Being and Time, nor the work of the internationally recognized educational philosopher who has written about educational problems using Heidegger's perspective (among others) over the past forty years and that should be considered in any application of Heidegger's thought to education if educational philosophy is to become a cumulative discipline. Because philosophy of education is notoriously non-accumulative and requires far more than referring to education in the first and last paragraphs of an article in order to be about an educational problem or phenomenon, the publications of this scholar in the phenomenology of education are mentioned throughout, as are Heidegger's works, to show how the four authors might have benefited from library research to utilize existing understandings and go beyond them. Finally, some suggestions are made about how to read with understanding Heidegger's magnum opus, Being and Time. [source] John Whitehurst (1713,1788): philosopher, geologist, horologist and engineerGEOLOGY TODAY, Issue 3 2002Trevor D. Ford Among the late 18th-century pioneers of geological science was John Whitehurst. He set the scene for the early Derbyshire geologists, White Watson and John Farey, whose books were not published until 1811, long after Whitehurst's death. But Whitehurst's ideas went beyond Derbyshire; he looked at the global situation in his book An Inquiry into the Original State & Formation of the Earth (1778, 1786). Whitehurst was a founder member of the influential Lunar Society and a close friend of many philosophers of the period. [source] On the Genealogy of Moral Pleasure1GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 3 2009Duncan Large ABSTRACT This article explores the problematic relation between pleasure and morality in German thought, from the Enlightenment aesthetics of the eighteenth century through to early twentieth-century psychoanalysis. Specifically, by focusing on the status and function of pleasure in the moral analyses of Kant, the post-Kantians Schiller and Schopenhauer, then Nietzsche and finally Freud, it argues for a shift in emphasis, over this period, from the moral evaluation of pleasure to a recognition of the pleasurable value of morality. Along the way, it traces the German reception of the Discourse on the Nature of Pleasure and Pain (1773,81) by the Milanese philosopher and economist Pietro Verri. [source] A European Initiative: Irigaray, Marx, and CitizenshipHYPATIA, Issue 3 2004ALISON MARTIN This article presents Irigaray as a philosopher committed to sociopolitical change by discussing her political thought and her engagement with the European Parliament. It traces her recent work with the ex-Communist Party in Italy back to her early critique of Marx and her subsequent attraction to Hegel's civil definition of the person. The failure of her European Parliament initiative suggests that her thinking is in advance of its possible realization. [source] Husserl and Heidegger: Exploring the disparityINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Tracy McConnell-Henry RN BN GDN (Critical Care) MHSc (Nse Ed) PhD candidate MRCNA Introduced as an alternative to empirical science, phenomenology offers nursing an insightful means for understanding nursing phenomena specifically in relation to lived experiences. However, not all phenomenologies were created equal, a point which has left many a nursing researcher not only confused. Furthermore, this confusion might result in the choosing of a philosophical framework that is neither cognizant with the research question nor the epistemological lens through which the researcher operates. Drawing on common nursing examples to illustrate concepts, the authors closely examine and debate the disparities between Husserl's transcendental phenomenology and Heidegger's hermeneutic approach to phenomenology. The aim of the article is to demystify the dense language used and present the fundamental beliefs of each philosopher in a format that is accessible to novice phenomenologists. [source] Critical Realism and Causality: Tracing the Aristotelian LegacyJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 2 2009STEPHEN PRATTEN Rom Harré's generative account of causality has been drawn on heavily by advocates of critical realism. Yet Harré argues that critical realists often exaggerate the extent to which powerful causal explanations of social phenomena can be developed. Certain proponents of critical realism have responded to Harré's criticisms by suggesting that it is useful to consider the relevant issues in relation to the familiar Aristotelian classification of four causes. In this paper I contribute to this debate and pursue a similar strategy. The paper adds to existing contributions in two ways. Firstly, I outline how Harré sees his generative account of causality as linking up with Aristotelian themes. It emerges that Harré at times conceives of his generative theory as part of an alternative to the Aristotelian system while at other times he draws connections between it and a reformulated account of formal causality. Secondly, I argue that when we consider the positions of Harré and proponents of critical realism on the scope of causal explanation in the social realm in relation to the interpretation of final causes offered by another philosopher profoundly influenced by the Aristotelian tradition, namely Charles Peirce, we can see both as limited in certain respects. [source] What are the Bounds of Critical Rationality in Education?JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, Issue 3 2004Christiane Thompson Since Dilthey we have become used to thinking of reason as having a cultural and historical setting. If we take this insight seriously, then critical rationality or critical thinking can no longer be conceived of as context-free skills. This paper takes up the line of thought that is elaborated by Christopher Winch in his ,Developing Critical Rationality as a Pedagogical Aim' and seeks to explicate it by drawing on Ludwig Wittgenstein's concept of ,language games' and on the re-evaluation of ,thinking' by Theodor Ballauff (a German philosopher of education who was influenced by Martin Heidegger). The overcoming of a solipsistic and idealistic conception of thinking raises questions regarding the pedagogical settings and aims, as well as the problems over the limits of critique in education. A comparison of Ballauff's and Winch's positions reinforces the sense of the significance of critique: although the role of critical rationality within education is ambiguous and precarious, the investigation of autonomy (as an educational goal) shows that critique cannot be limited in any straightforward way. [source] From iron gaze to nursing care: mental health nursing in the era of panopticismJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2001D. Holmes RN CPMHN MSc PhD (cand) The purpose of this paper is to question the utilization of mechanical devices (cameras and microphones) to ensure the surveillance of hospitalized patients on psychiatric wards. The works of French philosopher, Michel Foucault, and those of nursing theorist, Jean Watson, are used to support this analysis. A growing number of Canadian psychiatric health care institutions are using mechanical devices for surveillance. The security of staff and patients as well as therapeutic purposes are stated as rationale for these practices. However, a Foucauldian perspective leads us to think otherwise. The metaphor of the panopticon is then used to uncover another reality: a disciplinary one. Within the scope of this paper, the question of surveillance, disciplinary power, caring philosophy, and mental health nursing will be examined. [source] Jonathan Edwards and the Language of Nature: The Re-Enchantment of the World in the Age of Scientific ReasoningJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 1 2002Avihu Zakai For a long time Jonathan Edwards (1703-58) was thought of more as a preacher of hellfire and revival than as a theologian, and rather as a Calvinist theologian than a philosopher of importance, and he was dismissed accordingly. Yet Edwards was more than a hellfire preacher, more than a theologian. This New England divine was one of the rare individuals anywhere to recognize and answer the challenges posed to traditional Christian belief by the emergence of new modes of thought in early modern history - the new ideas of the scientific thought and the Enlightenment. His force of mind is evident in his exposition of the poverty of mechanical philosophy, which radically transformed the traditional Christian dialectic of God's utter transcendence and divine immanence by gradually dimin-ishing divine sovereignty with respect to creation, providence, and redemption, thus leading to the disenchantment of the world. Edwards constructed a teleological and theological alternative to the prevailing mechanistic interpretation of the essential nature of reality, whose ultimate goal was the re-enchantment of the world by reconstituting the glory of God's majestic sovereignty, power, and will within the order of creation. [source] Friedrich Albert Lange on neo-Kantianism, socialist Darwinism, and a psychology without a soulJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002Thomas Teo associate professor of psychology Friedrich Albert Lange was a German philosopher, political theorist, educator, and psychologist who outlined an objective psychology in the 1860s. This article shows how some of the most important worldviews of the nineteenth century (Kantianism, Marxism, and Darwinism) were combined creatively in his thought system. He was crucial in the development of neo-Kantianism and incorporated psycho-physiological research on sensation and perception in order to defend Kant's epistemological idealism. Based on a critique of phrenology and philosophical psychology of his time, Lange developed a program of a psychology without a soul. He suggested that only those phenomena that can be observed and controlled should be studied, that psychology should focus on actions and speech, and that for each psychological event the corresponding physical or physiological processes should be identified. Lange opposed introspection and subjective accounts and promoted experiments and statistics. He also promoted Darwinism for psychology while developing a socialist progressive-democratic reading of Darwin in his social theory. The implications of socialist Darwinism on Lange's conceptualization of race are discussed and his prominence in nineteenth century philosophy and psychology is summarized. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] A Cursory Consideration of William GodwinLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2005David O'Shaughnessy William Godwin (1756,1836) was a radical philosopher and novelist whose fame rests largely on his Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) and Caleb Williams (1794). Married to Mary Wollstonecraft and father of Mary Shelley, his oeuvre is significant for both its impact on the political and social landscape of the period and its influence on his family and other literary contemporaries. [source] PHILOSOPHERS, THEIR CONTEXT, AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIESMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 5 2006WARD E. JONES Abstract: It has at various times been said, both before and since the fall of apartheid, that philosophers in South Africa are neglecting to do certain sorts of work. Behind this accusation lies a general claim that philosophers have responsibilities to their contexts. This essay is dedicated to (i) defending this claim against objections, and (ii) offering a positive argument for there being moral pressure on philosophers to increase understanding. My aim is not to accuse any philosopher or community of philosophers of neglect. It is rather to defend an understanding of both philosophy and ethical responsibilities that makes room for philosophers to have moral responsibilities. Whether or not it has ever in fact been appropriate to accuse philosophers in South Africa, or indeed anywhere else, of neglect, philosophers do indeed have responsibilities to their contexts. [source] THE DOCTRINE OF UNIVOCITY IS TRUE AND SALUTARYMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2005THOMAS WILLIAMS After clearing up some misunderstandings of Scotus's doctrine of univocity, I argue that the doctrine of univocity is true. All predications about God must be reducible to univocity if they are to be intelligible at all. So even if the doctrine has unwelcome consequences, we ought to affirm it anyway; it is not the job of the theologian or philosopher to shrink from uncomfortable truths. I then argue that the doctrine of univocity in fact has no unwelcome consequences. Moreover, it has at least two salutary logical consequences of the highest importance. I conclude that the polemic against univocity, and against Scotus as its defender, is misplaced. [source] Teaching in the Spirit of Socrates: Remembering Fergal O'Connor OPNEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1009 2006Joseph Dunne (The late Father Fergal O'Connor OP was born near Causeway, Co. Kerry, on 6 December 1926 and died in Dublin on 29 September 2005. Having studied at St. Mary's Tallaght, he was ordained a priest in 1951. He took the STD at the Angelicum in Rome in 1955 and then went on to take PPE at Oxford, staying at Blackfriars from 1956 to 1959. Having taught for a short time at the Dominican House at Cork, he was assigned to St. Saviour's Priory in Dublin in 1961, where he lived for the rest of his life. From 1962 he taught political philosophy at University College Dublin, continuing beyond retirement in 1991 to teach a course on Plato until 1997. A social critic and activist, he was for many years a provocative panelist on Ireland's foremost television programme, ,The Late Late Show', and wrote regularly for newspapers and periodicals; also he founded and for several decades directed Sherrard House, a hostel for homeless girls in Dublin, and ALLY, an organisation supporting single mothers. But it was as an extraordinarily inspiring teacher, primarily in the university but also in many other informal settings, that he was perhaps most deeply influential. The following is a slightly amended version of an article first published in Questioning Ireland, Debates in Political Philosophy and Public Policy (eds, J. Dunne, A. Ingram and F.Litton, Dublin, IPA), a Festschrift for Father O'Connor written by former students and colleagues (including the theologian, Denys Turner, and the political philosopher, Philip Pettit) and published in 2000.) [source] Religion and the media turn: A review essayAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 2 2010MATTHEW ENGELKE ABSTRACT In this review essay, I consider three recent collections, one edited by anthropologists, one by an art historian, and one by a philosopher, that reflect on what might be called "the media turn" in religious studies. I situate these collections in relation to broader trends and interests within anthropology, religious studies, and media studies, focusing in particular on the idea of religion as mediation, which involves, in part, a turn away from conceptions of belief and toward materiality and practice. [religion, media, materiality, belief, the public sphere] [source] The Essence of Islamist Resistance: A Different View of Iran, Hezbollah and HamasNEW PERSPECTIVES QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2009ALASTAIR CROOKE The Iranian revolution,the political realization of the "Great Refusal" of Western modernization,was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced by the Turkish nation state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western dominance. Now, history is turning again. Iran has been seized by violent turmoil as it seeks to reconcile democracy and religious rule. Secular Turkey is governed by an Islamist-rooted party. As they struggle to regain their balance, the global economic meltdown threatens a convergence against globalization that joins the Islamist resistance with populist backlashes elsewhere. Two legendary intelligence agents, a Hezbollah leader, an Iranian dissident philosopher and Shirin Ebadi, the Iranian human rights lawyer and Nobel Laureate, examine this historical turn. [source] Hezbollah: Islamist Resistance Comes of AgeNEW PERSPECTIVES QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2009SHEIKH NAIM QASSEM The Iranian revolution,the political realization of the "Great Refusal" of Western modernization,was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced by the Turkish nation state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western dominance. Now, history is turning again. Iran has been seized by violent turmoil as it seeks to reconcile democracy and religious rule. Secular Turkey is governed by an Islamist-rooted party. As they struggle to regain their balance, the global economic meltdown threatens a convergence against globalization that joins the Islamist resistance with populist backlashes elsewhere. Two legendary intelligence agents, a Hezbollah leader, an Iranian dissident philosopher and Shirin Ebadi, the Iranian human rights lawyer and Nobel Laureate, examine this historical turn. [source] Gilles Deleuze: psychiatry, subjectivity, and the passive synthesis of timeNURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 4 2006Marc Roberts rmn diphe ba(hons) pgce pgcrm ma phd student Abstract, Although ,modern' mental health care comprises a variety of theoretical approaches and practices, the supposed identification of ,mental illness' can be understood as being made on the basis of a specific conception of subjectivity that is characteristic of ,modernity'. This is to say that any perceived ,deviation' from this characteristically ,modern self' is seen as a possible ,sign' of ,mental illness', given a ,negative determination', and conceptualized in terms of a ,deficiency' or a ,lack'; accordingly, the ,ideal',therapeutic' aim of ,modern' mental health care can be understood as the ,rectification' of that ,deficiency' through a ,re-instatement' of the ,modern self'. Although contemporary mental health care is increasingly becoming influenced by the so-called ,death' of the ,modern self', this paper will suggest that it is the work of the 20th century French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, that is able to provide mental health care with a coherent determination of a ,post- modern self'. However, a Deleuzian account of subjectivity stands in stark contrast to ,modernity's' conception of subjectivity and, as such, this paper will attempt to show how this ,post- modern' subjectivity challenges many of the assumptions of ,modern' mental health care. Moreover, acknowledging the complexity and the perceived difficulty of Deleuze's work, this paper will provide an account of subjectivity that can be understood as ,Deleuzian' in its orientation, rather than ,Deleuze's theory of subjectivity', and therefore, this paper also seeks to stimulate further research and discussion of Deleuze's work on subjectivity, and how that work may be able to inform, and possibly even reform, the theoretical foundations and associated diagnostic and therapeutic practices of psychiatry, psychotherapy, and mental health nursing. [source] Closeness and distance in the nurse-patient relation.NURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2006The relevance of Edith Stein's concept of empathy Abstract, This paper emanates from the concept of empathy as understood by the German philosopher Edith Stein. It begins by highlighting different interpretations of empathy. According to the German philosopher Martin Buber, empathy cannot be achieved as an act of will. In contrast, the psychologist Carl Rogers believes that empathy is identical with dialogue and is the outcome of a cognitive act of active listening. The empathy concept of Edith Stein, philosopher and follower of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology, goes beyond these conflicting views and offers a more complex interpretation, with relevance for both healthcare and nursing education. When studying Stein's three-level model of empathy, a field of tension between perspectives of closeness and distance becomes apparent. The paper concludes by suggesting Stein's model of empathy as a strategy to overcome the tension and meet the demands of empathy. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||