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Phosphate Buffer Saline (phosphate + buffer_saline)
Selected AbstractsViability of fibroblasts in a novel probiotic storage mediaDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2010E Çaglar The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the number of viable PDL cells of avulsed teeth treated by Hank's Balanced Salt Solutions (HBSS), saline, a novel probiotic solution and milk. Thirty-six freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth with closed apices were divided into one of the four experimental groups and two control groups (N = 6 each). The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0 min and an 8-h dry time respectively. Following extraction, the coronal 3 mm of PDL tissue was scraped with a #15 scalpel to remove cells that might have been damaged. The experimental teeth were dried for 30 min followed by a 45 min immersion in one of the four experimental media. Each experimental tooth, after drying and soaking, was incubated for 30 min with a 2.5 ml solution of 0.2 mg ml,1 of collagenase CLS II and a 2.4 mg ml,1 solution of dispase grade II in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The cells were then labelled with 0.4% Trypan blue for determination of viability. The teeth stored in positive control demonstrated the highest number of viable PDL cells followed in rank order by HBSS, saline, Lactobacillus reuteri solution and milk. There was no significant difference in the number of viable PDL cells between HBSS, milk, L. reuteri solution and saline. Within the parameters of this study, it appears that probiotic may be able to maintain PDL cell viability as HBSS, milk, or saline. [source] Arsenic trioxide is effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma in SCID miceEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Philippe Rousselot Abstract: Objectives :,Pharmacological concentrations of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and organic arsenic melarsoprol induce apoptosis in malignant plasma cells. In an attempt to further document the interest of the arsenic in vivo, we treated severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice transplanted with human myeloma cells by ATO or melarsoprol. Methods :,Fifty-two SCID mice were irradiated before intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of plasma cells from five myeloma patients. Engraftment was assessed by serial measurement of the human monoclonal immunoglobulin G (HuMIgG) concentration in mouse serum. Treatment with ATO (10 ,g/g i.p. 5 d a week), melarsoprol (30 ,g/g i.p. 5 d a week) or phosphate buffer saline was started when a sustained growth of the tumor cells was demonstrated. Results :,Seventeen mice developed the human tumor. A significant decrease in HuMIgG amounts was observed in three of five mice of the ATO group, including two that achieved an apparent complete remission persisting up to 5 months after ATO discontinuation. In these mice, no human plasma cells were detected in tissue samples collected postmortem. Soluble human interleukin-6 receptor amount, measured in mice sera as a surrogate marker of the plasma cell proliferation, varied in parallel with HuMIgG concentration. A significant difference in survival was observed between control and ATO treated mice (113 and 158 d, respectively; P = 0.01) whereas no difference could be evidenced in control and melarsoprol groups. Conclusion :,Present study confirms in vivo the in vitro effects of ATO on myeloma cells. Delayed relapses were observed suggesting that prolonged or maintenance therapy has to be considered in future clinical trials. Whether or not this will translate into clinically relevant effect of the drug in myeloma patients deserves further consideration. [source] MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis for the characterization of the 5,10,15,20-tetrakis- (m -hydroxyphenyl)bacteriochlorin (m -THPBC) photoproducts in biological environmentJOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (INCORP BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY), Issue 9 2005Henri-Pierre Lassalle Abstract Photoproducts formation upon irradiation (739 nm) of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m -hydroxyphenyl)bacteriochlorin (m -THPBC) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) supplemented with human serum albumin (HSA) were studied by means of absorption spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The experiments were performed with a freshly prepared PBS,HSA solution of m -THPBC and with a PBS,HSA m -THPBC solution incubated for 6 h at 37 °C. The incubation of m -THPBC solution leads to the dye monomerisation, whereas in the freshly prepared solution, m -THPBC is under an aggregated form. Regardless of the incubation condition, photobleaching experiments carried out by absorption spectroscopy demonstrate the degradation of the photosensitizer and its phototransformation in m -THPC. Moreover, m -THPC was the sole photoproduct detected using absorption spectroscopy. Together with a degradation of m -THPBC and formation of m -THPC, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry evidenced several other photoinduced modifications. Photoproducts such as dihydroxy m -THPBC and dihydroxy m -THPC were detected in both conditions; however, the formation of hydroxylated photoproducts was significantly greater in incubated solution. In addition, small molecules arising from the degradation of the photosensitizer and identified as dipyrin derivatives and dipyrrolic synthon were observed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Insulin aggregation and asymmetric transport across human bronchial epithelial cell monolayers (Calu-3)JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2002Isabelle Pezron Abstract The purpose of this work was to elucidate the transport pathways of zinc insulin across the Calu-3 cell monolayer, an in vitro model of the human airway epithelium. Calu-3 cells grown in liquid-covered conditions formed a confluent monolayer with a high transepithelial electrical resistance value of 1000,±,150 ,,·,cm2. The cell monolayer was characterized by a low mannitol permeability of 4.7,±,0.5 10,7cm/s. Transport of zinc insulin (donor concentration 1 U/mL) in Dulbecco's modified phosphate buffer saline at 37°C was found to be higher in the basolateral (BL) to apical (AP) (Papp,=,3.0,±,0.2 10,8 cm/s), than in the AP to BL direction (Papp,=,0.41,±,0.02 10,8 cm/s). P-glycoprotein efflux or specific enzymatic degradation did not appear to contribute toward this asymmetric transport. Insulin receptors, though apparently more abundant on the BL side than on the AP side of Calu-3 cells, did not mediate the direction-dependent transport of insulin. However, transport of a monomeric human insulin analog, Asp(B10)des(B28-30), across the Calu-3 cell monolayer was similar in both directions (BL to AP and AP to BL). The corresponding permeability, Papp,=,2.9,±,0.2 10,8 cm/s, was not significantly different from the permeability of zinc insulin in the BL to AP direction. The paracellular pathway seems to play a major role in the insulin transport across the Calu-3 cell monolayers. We hypothesize that the transport of zinc insulin oligomers is restricted at the AP surface by the presence of the tight junctional complexes. From the BL side, oligomers may undergo dissociation in the intercellular space and diffuse readily as monomers to the AP surface of the membrane. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:1135,1146, 2002 [source] Inhibition of allergic responses by CD40 gene silencingALLERGY, Issue 3 2009M. Suzuki Background:, Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potent method of specifically knocking down molecular targets. Small interfering RNA is therapeutically promising, however, treatment of allergic diseases with siRNA has not been explored in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic effects of CD40 siRNA on inhibition of allergic responses. Methods:, Mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum were treated with CD40 siRNA, scrambled siRNA, or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) alone, and then challenged intranasally with OVA. Results:, A significant reduction in nasal allergic symptoms was observed in the CD40 siRNA treated OVA-allergic mice compared to the controls of scrambled siRNA and PBS alone, which is correlated with the decrease of local eosinophil accumulation. CD40 siRNA treatment knocked down CD40 expression on dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo and impaired their antigen presenting function. Treatment with CD40 siRNA resulted in inhibition of OVA-specific T cell response and decrease of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and interferon-, production from T cells stimulated with OVA. Administration of CD40 siRNA also suppressed CD40 expression on B cells, resulting in down-regulation of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG1, and IgG2a levels. Additionally, increased regulatory T cells were observed in the CD40 siRNA treated mice. Conclusions:, The present study demonstrates a novel therapeutic use for siRNA in allergy. CD40 siRNA attenuated allergy through inhibition of DC and B cell functions and generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. [source] Determination of molar mass and solution properties of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose derivatives by multi-angle laser light scattering with simultaneous refractive index detectionPOLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2009Wei Gao Abstract BACKGROUND: A complete understanding of the molar mass and solution properties of raw materials in bio/pharmaceutical products under bio-application and natural conditions ensures process control, product performance and quality. Biopolymers including polymeric cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose derivatives (e.g. Polyquaterium-10 or Polymer JR) have long been used in health care formulations including shampoos, lotions, eye drops and contact lens multi-purpose solutions. Previously reported molar masses and conformation of Polymer JR were based on size exclusion chromatography-related techniques, which required highly concentrated buffered salt solutions and organic solvent modifiers to prevent undesirable interactions, and did not represent the isotonic conditions in products and applications. RESULTS: This paper describes the characterization of Polymer JR in saline using a new approach that combines micro-batch mode multi-angle laser light scattering with simultaneous refractive index measurements (MB-MALLS-RI). Mass-average molar mass, z -average radius of gyration and second virial coefficient values in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were obtained and are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION: The molar mass and solution properties of Polymer JR in PBS, with the same pH and ionic strength as most health care solution products, can be characterized using the MB-MALLS-RI technique. The approach is practical and can be widely used for the analysis of other cationic biopolymers. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Gene expression profiling during early response to injury and microbial challenges in the silkworm, Bombyx moriARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2009Fei Liu Abstract To identify Bombyx mori genes involved in the early response to injury and microbial challenge, we performed genome-wide gene expression-profiling experiments using oligonucleotide DNA microarrays. Of approximately 23,000 genes examined, 465 displayed changes in mRNA expression levels. Of these, 306 were induced and 159 were repressed in response to injury (injection with phosphate buffer saline) or challenges by Gram-negative (Serratia marcescens), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), or fungus (Beauveria bassiana). Many of these differentially expressed genes can be assigned to specific functional groups of the innate immune response, including recognition, signaling, melanization and coagulation, and antimicrobial peptides. Seventeen percent of differentially expressed genes encode proteins with no obvious similarity to known functional domains. Of particular interest is a member of the juvenile hormone-binding protein family, which was highly induced by both injury and microbial challenges. The possible role of juvenile hormone in innate immunity is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||