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Pharmaceutical Scientists (pharmaceutical + scientists)
Selected AbstractsDrug,polymer solubility and miscibility: Stability consideration and practical challenges in amorphous solid dispersion developmentJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 7 2010Feng Qian Abstract Drug,polymer solid dispersion has been demonstrated as a feasible approach to formulate poorly water-soluble drugs in the amorphous form, for the enhancement of dissolution rate and bioperformance. The solubility (for crystalline drug) and miscibility (for amorphous drug) in the polymer are directly related to the stabilization of amorphous drug against crystallization. Therefore, it is important for pharmaceutical scientists to rationally assess solubility and miscibility in order to select the optimal formulation (e.g., polymer type, drug loading, etc.) and recommend storage conditions, with respect to maximizing the physical stability. This commentary attempts to discuss the concepts and implications of the drug,polymer solubility and miscibility on the stabilization of solid dispersions, review recent literatures, and propose some practical strategies for the evaluation and development of such systems utilizing a working diagram. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:2941,2947, 2010 [source] Advances and potential applications of chitosan derivatives as mucoadhesive biomaterials in modern drug deliveryJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 8 2006Shruti Chopra Pharmaceutical technologists have been working extensively on various mucoadhesive polymeric systems to create an intimate and prolonged contact at the site of administration. Chitosan is one of the most promising polymers because of its non-toxic, polycationic biocompatible, biodegradable nature, and particularly due to its mucoadhesive and permeation enhancing properties. Due to its potential importance in controlled drug delivery applications, pharmaceutical scientists have exploited this mucoadhesive polymer. However, chitosan suffers from limited solubility at physiological pH and causes presystemic metabolism of drugs in intestinal and gastric fluids in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. These inherent drawbacks of chitosan have been overcome by forming derivatives such as carboxylated, various conjugates, thiolated, and acylated chitosan, thus providing a platform for sustained release formulations at a controlled rate, prolonged residence time, improved patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency, enhanced bioavailability and a significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy. We have explored the potential benefits of these improved chitosan derivatives in modern drug delivery. [source] Recent developments in carbohydrate-decorated targeted drug/gene deliveryMEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS, Issue 2 2010Hailong Zhang Abstract Targeted delivery of a drug or gene to its site of action has clear therapeutic advantages by maximizing its therapeutic efficiency and minimizing its systemic toxicity. Generally, targeted drug or gene delivery is performed by loading a macromolecular carrier with an appropriate drug or gene, and by targeting the drug/gene carrier to specific cell or tissue with the help of specific targeting ligand. The emergence of glycobiology, glycotechnology, and glycomics and their continual adaptation by pharmaceutical scientists have opened exciting avenue of medicinal applications of carbohydrates. Among them, the biocompatibility and specific receptor recognition ability confer the ability of carbohydrates as potential targeting ligands for targeted drug and gene delivery applications. This review summarizes recent progress of carbohydrate-decorated targeted drug/gene delivery applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 2, 270,289, 2010 [source] Multiscale observation of biological interactions of nanocarriers: From nano to macroMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 9 2010Su-Eon Jin Abstract Microscopic observations have played a key role in recent advancements in nanotechnology-based biomedical sciences. In particular, multiscale observation is necessary to fully understand the nano-bio interfaces where a large amount of unprecedented phenomena have been reported. This review describes how to address the physicochemical and biological interactions of nanocarriers within the biological environments using microscopic tools. The imaging techniques are categorized based on the size scale of detection. For observation of the nanoscale biological interactions of nanocarriers, we discuss atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the micro to macro-scale (in vitro and in vivo) observation, we focus on confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) as well as in vivo imaging systems such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), superconducting quantum interference devices, and IVIS®. Additionally, recently developed combined techniques such as AFM-CLSM, correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), and SEM spectroscopy are also discussed. In this review, we describe how each technique helps elucidate certain physicochemical and biological activities of nanocarriers such as dendrimers, polymers, liposomes, and polymeric/inorganic nanoparticles, thus providing a toolbox for bioengineers, pharmaceutical scientists, biologists, and research clinicians. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:813,823, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||