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Pharmaceutical Firms (pharmaceutical + firm)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting83%

Selected Abstracts

Keeping it real: anticounterfeiting strategies in the pharmaceutical industry

MANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Issue 5 2008
Kristina M. LybeckerArticle first published online: 19 MAR 200
Although pharmaceutical counterfeiting incidents can be traced back thousands of years, it has been downplayed and even dismissed by pharmaceutical manufacturers in the past. That has changed. Pharmaceutical firms are newly dedicated to eradicate counterfeits globally and spending more money on anticounterfeiting efforts than ever before. The confluence of three factors seems to have drastically changed the existing paradigm for the pharmaceutical industry: increasing globalization, advancing technology, and the controversies surrounding the WTO Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement and access to medicines. Given that counterfeit pharmaceuticals slip into the supply chain at every link, multinational pharmaceutical firms are searching for global solutions through increased interfirm cooperation along the supply chain. This research presents a theoretical model for characterizing the implications of these interventions on the motivations driving counterfeiters. The interventions are shown to increase the share of real pharmaceuticals and decrease the welfare losses attributable to counterfeiting. In practice, it is too early to evaluate the success of these new measures, but this research reflects on the extent of cooperation both across the supply chain and national boundaries and examines the likely long-run implications of these measures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Rx Roulette: combatting counterfeit pharmaceuticals in developing nations

MANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Issue 4-5 2007
Kristina M. LybeckerArticle first published online: 17 AUG 200
The debate over access to medicines has principally centered on pharmaceutical patents and prohibitively high drug prices. Although a less recognized problem, counterfeit pharmaceuticals are certainly a more insidious barrier to access. Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is an invisible threat, not only by nature, but also because the industry has historically downplayed it. However, that has changed. Pharmaceutical firms now not only readily concede counterfeiting is a threat to their business, but in some cases publicly address their strategies and the anticounterfeiting technologies in use and development. Acknowledging the problem has benefited the industry because it alters the ways in which firms are able to combat counterfeiting, allowing them to more overtly confront the problem. In addition, it allows them to better partner with governments and health advocates since their incentives are aligned in efforts to prevent counterfeiting. In light of the more public and more aggressive campaign against counterfeiting, it is important to examine the variety of strategies firms may utilize to prevent their sale. Through a theoretical model of the market in a representative developing country, several anticounterfeiting strategies are considered. Some strategies appear to be more effective than others in the battle against fake drugs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Tapping Deep Pockets: The Role of Resources and Social Capital on Financial Capital Acquisition by Biotechnology Firms in Biotech,Pharma Alliances

JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 8 2008
Shanthi Gopalakrishnan
abstract Strategic alliances with pharmaceutical firms allow small biotechnology firms to acquire needed financial capital in exchange for sharing new, cutting-edge technologies. This study draws from aspects of resource-based view and social capital theory to examine the factors that influence the extent of financial capital biotech firms acquire when forming an alliance with pharmaceutical firms. Using a sample of 184 alliances from the period 1995,2000, we found that alliances where the pharmaceutical firm has greater management control are associated with greater acquisition of financial capital by the biotech firm. We also found that the credibility of the pharmaceutical firm is positively associated with the extent of financial capital acquired by the biotechnology firm and that the number of patents that the biotech firm has is negatively associated to the financial capital the biotech firm receives. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory, research, and management practice. [source]

Keeping it real: anticounterfeiting strategies in the pharmaceutical industry

MANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Issue 5 2008
Kristina M. LybeckerArticle first published online: 19 MAR 200
Although pharmaceutical counterfeiting incidents can be traced back thousands of years, it has been downplayed and even dismissed by pharmaceutical manufacturers in the past. That has changed. Pharmaceutical firms are newly dedicated to eradicate counterfeits globally and spending more money on anticounterfeiting efforts than ever before. The confluence of three factors seems to have drastically changed the existing paradigm for the pharmaceutical industry: increasing globalization, advancing technology, and the controversies surrounding the WTO Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement and access to medicines. Given that counterfeit pharmaceuticals slip into the supply chain at every link, multinational pharmaceutical firms are searching for global solutions through increased interfirm cooperation along the supply chain. This research presents a theoretical model for characterizing the implications of these interventions on the motivations driving counterfeiters. The interventions are shown to increase the share of real pharmaceuticals and decrease the welfare losses attributable to counterfeiting. In practice, it is too early to evaluate the success of these new measures, but this research reflects on the extent of cooperation both across the supply chain and national boundaries and examines the likely long-run implications of these measures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Incorporation of 3T3-L1 Cells To Mimic Bioaccumulation in a Microscale Cell Culture Analog Device for Toxicity Studies

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2004
Kwanchanok Viravaidya
Deficiencies in the early ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) information on drug candidates extract a significant economic penalty on pharmaceutical firms. We have developed a microscale cell culture analog (,CCA) device that can potentially provide better, faster, and more efficient prediction of human and animal responses to a wide range of chemicals. The system described in this paper is a simple four-chamber ,CCA ("lung","liver","fat","other tissue") designed on the basis of a physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model of a rat. Cultures of L2, HepG2/C3A, and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were selected to mimic the key functions of the lung, liver, and fat compartments, respectively. Here, we have demonstrated the application of the ,CCA system to study bioaccumulation, distribution, and toxicity of selected compounds. Results from the bioaccumulation study reveal that hydrophobic compounds such as fluoranthene preferentially accumulated in the fat chamber. Only a small amount of fluoranthene was observed in the liver and lung chambers. In addition, the presence of the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the ,CCA device significantly reduced naphthalene and naphthoquinone-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion. These findings suggest the potential utilization of the ,CCA system to assess ADMET characteristics of the compound of interest prior to animal or human trials. [source]