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PET Bottles (pet + bottle)
Selected AbstractsThe Efficiency of TBHQ, ,-carotene, Citric Acid, and Tinuvin 234® on the Sensory Stability of Soybean Oil Packaged in PET BottlesJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003H.M.C. de Azeredo ABSTRACT: The use of plastic packaging for oils permits exposure to light, increasing oxidation. The goal of this work was to maximize sensory stability of soybean oil packaged in PET bottles. A central composite design was used to combine different levels of TBHQ, ,-carotene, and citric acid, added to oil, and Tinuvin 234®, added to bottles. After 6 mo of storage, the oxidation degree was assessed by sensory and peroxide tests. TBHQ and Tinuvin 234 were the most effective antioxidants, and the minimum concentrations required to keep a reasonable stability during storage were: 120 ppm of TBHQ; 7 ppm of ,-carotene; 15 ppm of citric acid and 0.1% of Tinuvin 234. [source] Influence of PET bottle weight, closure performance and filling Technique on the oxygen content of soya cooking oilPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 5 2001Léa Mariza de Oliveira Abstract The use of PET bottles for edible oil in Brazil is increasing but there is a trend to reduce bottle weight for economic reasons, which decreases the oxygen barrier of the package. The barrier performance of a 20,g PET bottle for 900,ml soya oil, submitted to gas flushing with gaseous N2 and pressurization with liquid N2, was compared with a 27,g PET conventional bottle. During 8 months storage at 25°C the internal pressure, dissolved oxygen and oxygen in the headspace were evaluated and did not change significantly. Liquid N2 pressurization did not improve the efficiency of reducing O2 in the headspace compared to N2 gas flushing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Poly(ethylene terephthalate) recycling and recovery of pure terephthalic acid by alkaline hydrolysisADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2002G. P. Karayannidis Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) taken from postconsumer soft-drink bottles was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis after cutting it into small pieces (flakes). The reaction took place in an autoclave at 120,200°C with aqueous NaOH solutions and at 110,120°C with a nonaqueous solution of KOH in methyl Cellosolve. The disodium or dipotassium terephthalate received was treated with sulfuric acid and terephthalic acid (TPA) of high purity was separated. The 1H NMR spectrum of the TPA revealed an about 2% admixture of isophthalic acid together with the pure 98% TPA. The purity of the TPA obtained was tested by determining its acidity and by polymerizing it with ethylene glycol by using tetrabutyl titanate as catalyst. A simple theoretical model was developed to describe the hydrolysis rate. The activation energy calculated was 99 kJ/mol. This method is very useful in recycling of PET bottles and other containers because nowadays TPA is replacing dimethyl terephthalate (the traditional monomer) as the main monomer in the industrial production of PET. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 250,259, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10029 [source] The Efficiency of TBHQ, ,-carotene, Citric Acid, and Tinuvin 234® on the Sensory Stability of Soybean Oil Packaged in PET BottlesJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003H.M.C. de Azeredo ABSTRACT: The use of plastic packaging for oils permits exposure to light, increasing oxidation. The goal of this work was to maximize sensory stability of soybean oil packaged in PET bottles. A central composite design was used to combine different levels of TBHQ, ,-carotene, and citric acid, added to oil, and Tinuvin 234®, added to bottles. After 6 mo of storage, the oxidation degree was assessed by sensory and peroxide tests. TBHQ and Tinuvin 234 were the most effective antioxidants, and the minimum concentrations required to keep a reasonable stability during storage were: 120 ppm of TBHQ; 7 ppm of ,-carotene; 15 ppm of citric acid and 0.1% of Tinuvin 234. [source] Effect of package light transmittance on the vitamin content of milk, part 3: Fortified UHT low-fat milkPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 1 2009Alexander Saffert Abstract This work is the third and last part of a milk study evaluating the effect of package light transmittance on the vitamin content of milk, in this case on fortified UHT low-fat milk. The milk was stored under light with an intensity of 700,lux in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles with varying light transmittance to monitor the changes in the vitamin A, B2 and D3 contents over a storage period of 12 weeks at 23°C. Milk packed in pigmented PET bottles with the lowest light transmittance, which was stored in the dark under the same experimental conditions, served as the ,control' sample. In clear PET bottles, a reduction of 93% of the initial content was observed for vitamin A and 66% for vitamin D3, while the vitamin B2 content was completely degraded. In all pigmented PET bottles, the vitamin retention was only slightly higher; the losses ranged between 70 and 90% for vitamin A, between 63 and 95% for vitamin B2, and between 35 and 65% for vitamin D3 depending on the pigmentation level. In the dark-stored ,control' sample, a 16% loss could be observed for vitamin A, while the level of vitamins B2 and D3 remained almost stable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effect of package light transmittance on the vitamin content of pasteurized whole milkPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 4 2006Alexander Saffert Abstract Pasteurized whole milk (3% fat) was stored under fluorescent light at 8°C in clear 1 litre polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and three variants of pigmented PET bottles with different light transmittance. Changes in the vitamin content were monitored over a period of 10 days. Milk packed in pigmented PET bottles with the lowest light transmittance, which was stored in the dark under the same experimental conditions, served as the ,control' sample. Data were obtained for vitamin A (retinol), vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) content. Standard plate counts were determined to ensure an acceptable microbiological status of the pasteurized milk during the sampling period. In clear PET bottles a reduction of 22% of the initial content was observed for vitamin A and 33% for vitamin B2, while the vitamin B12 content remained almost stable. In all pigmented PET bottles the vitamin retention was significantly higher; the losses were 0,6% for vitamin A and 11,20% for vitamin B2, depending on the pigmentation level, as compared to 6% for vitamin A and no significant loss for vitamin B2 in the ,control' sample. An impact of the package light transmittance on the vitamin B12 content could not be observed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Evaluation of a UV absorber added to PET bottles for edible oil packagingPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003Leda Coltro Abstract The photo-oxidation of lipids has significant effects on the quality of edible oils. The oxidation of oils and fats can begin due to the action of external energy sources such as light. Studies showed that the rate of photo-oxidation of the oil depends on the light transmission of the packaging, the product characteristics and the O2 barrier of the packaging. The UV absorber 2-(2,-hydroxy-3,-tert-butyl-5,-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (Tinuvin 326Ô) has been used in PET bottles for oil, making possible the reduction of the photo-oxidation rates. This additive was approved recently by the European Union and included in the Positive List of Directive 2001/62/EC, with a limit of specific migration. This additive is also approved by the Mercosur legislation; nevertheless its restriction of use is being reviewed in Brazil. This study had the objectives of evaluating the efficiency of the additive through the determination of the light barrier properties of PET bottles with various levels of Tinuvin 326Ô and of verifying its suitability for use in direct contact with foods. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Influence of PET bottle weight, closure performance and filling Technique on the oxygen content of soya cooking oilPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 5 2001Léa Mariza de Oliveira Abstract The use of PET bottles for edible oil in Brazil is increasing but there is a trend to reduce bottle weight for economic reasons, which decreases the oxygen barrier of the package. The barrier performance of a 20,g PET bottle for 900,ml soya oil, submitted to gas flushing with gaseous N2 and pressurization with liquid N2, was compared with a 27,g PET conventional bottle. During 8 months storage at 25°C the internal pressure, dissolved oxygen and oxygen in the headspace were evaluated and did not change significantly. Liquid N2 pressurization did not improve the efficiency of reducing O2 in the headspace compared to N2 gas flushing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||