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Personal View (personal + view)
Selected AbstractsA PERSONAL VIEW OF A CONFERENCE HELD IN MEMORY OF STEPHEN MITCHELLBRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, Issue 1 2002MARGUERITE VALENTINE PHD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Thirty Years of CHEMFETs , A Personal ViewELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 22 2004Jiri Janata First page of article [source] The Coming of Advanced Materials: A Personal View of the Contributions by Cambridge Scientists,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 38-39 2009John Meurig Thomas Abstract The highly significant contributions both directly and indirectly made to the study of condensed matter in general and to advanced materials in particular by a succession of Cambridge scientists over the early years of the past half century are adumbrated in the light of the conjunction of the 21st anniversary of the founding of this journal and the 800th anniversary of the University of Cambridge. So also are the reasons for the burgeoning growth in the last few decades of the preparation, characterization, and use of various kinds of advanced materials. A summary is also given of the author's own work in solid-state and materials science, including a brief appraisal of recent strategies for the design of advanced catalysts for the production (under environmentally benign conditions) of a number of industrially important chemicals ranging from vitamins to commodities, such as adipic acid and terephthalic acid, and building blocks, such as styrene oxide, that are utilized in the manufacture of cosmetics and perfumes. [source] Fighting for Mental Health,A Personal View.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 7 20042002., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Norman Sartorius No abstract is available for this article. [source] Llong Casnewydd: the Newport Ship,a Personal ViewINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Owain T. P. Roberts The discovery of a late medieval ship on a building site at Newport (Casnewydd) in south Wales, UK, in 2002 raised public awareness of the fragility of such discoveries where they interrupt municipal building programmes. Within a tight schedule the ship remains were recovered and now await further work. The origins of the ship are unknown since the dendrochronology is as yet unmatched, though the structure indicates Scandinavian and possibly Basque influences. Artefacts indicate trading with Iberia during the first half of the 15th century. Much of the ship had been salvaged at the end of her useful life about 1467. © 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society [source] Anglican Uniatism: A Personal ViewNEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1010 2006Aidan Nichols OP First page of article [source] Personal view: a potential novel treatment for fatigue complicating chronic liver disease , how should its efficacy be evaluated?ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 8 2006E. A. JONES Summary Profound fatigue is a clinically significant complication of chronic liver disease. A mechanism of fatigue in experimental animals and male athletes appears to be increased serotoninergic neurotransmission in the brain. Recently, attempts have been made to assess the efficacy of a serotonin antagonist, specifically the 5-HT3 receptor subtype antagonist, ondansetron, in ameliorating fatigue in patients with chronic liver disease. However, the results of a randomized controlled trial of ondansetron for fatigue in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis did not indicate that ondansetron was either effective or ineffective. The reasons for the uncertain outcome of the randomized controlled trial are not clear. One contributing factor may have been the use of subjective indices of fatigue as primary efficacy endpoints. There is a need to develop objective quantitative primary efficacy endpoints for use in trials of therapy for fatigue. Another contributing factor may relate to the conduct of a randomized controlled trial not invariably being the optimal approach to resolve a specific clinical issue, particularly when the application of statistical methods yields equivocal findings. When the results of a randomized controlled trial are indecisive, findings based on clinical judgement, medicine's most important asset, should be carefully evaluated. [source] Personal view: food for thought , western lifestyle and susceptibility to Crohn's disease.ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 12 2005The FODMAP hypothesis Summary Susceptibility to the development of Crohn's disease involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The association of Crohn's disease with westernization has implicated lifestyle factors in pathogenesis. While diet is a likely candidate, evidence for specific changes in dietary habits and/or intake has been lacking. A new hypothesis is proposed, by which excessive delivery of highly fermentable but poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates and polyols (designated FODMAPs , Fermentable Oligo-, Di- and Mono-saccharides And Polyols) to the distal small intestinal and colonic lumen is a dietary factor underlying susceptibility to Crohn's disease. The subsequent rapid fermentation of FODMAPs in the distal small and proximal large intestine induces conditions in the bowel that lead to increased intestinal permeability, a predisposing factor to the development of Crohn's disease. Evidence supporting this hypothesis includes the increasing intake of FODMAPs in western societies, the association of increased intake of sugars in the development of Crohn's disease, and the previously documented effects of the ingestion of excessive FODMAPs on the bowel. This hypothesis provides potential for the design of preventive strategies and raises concern about current enthusiasm for putative health-promoting effects of FODMAPs. One of the greatest challenges in defining the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease is to identify predisposing environmental factors. Such an achievement might lead to the development of preventive strategies for, and the definition of, possible target for changing the natural history of this serious disease. The present paper describes a new hypothesis for one such environmental factor. [source] Personal view: victim blaming as management strategy for the gastroenterologist , a game theoretical approachALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 10 2005A. Sonnenberg Summary Background :,A multitude of digestive diseases elude simple management strategies. Rather than admit failure of disease management, a gastroenterologist could resort to blaming patients for their own medical conditions. Blaming the patient constitutes an easy exit strategy for otherwise unsolvable disease conditions. Aim :,To shed light on the problem of patient blaming in gastroenterology and provide means for its resolution. Methods :,The interaction between physician and patient can be formulated in terms of a non-zero-sum game between two adversaries. The outcomes associated with two behavioural strategies available to both adversaries are arranged in a two-by-two game matrix. Results :,Blaming the patient is characterized by the general game pattern of the ,prisoner's dilemma'. If the physician,patient interaction is restricted to one single event, patient blaming represents the management strategy of choice with the highest expected payoff under all foreseeable circumstances. If there is a high probability for repeated physician,patient interactions, however, a physician admitting and a patient accepting the limits of medical performance yield a dominant strategy. Conclusion :,Only for single physician,patient encounters does a non-cooperative strategy of blaming one's adversary for a poor medical outcome yield the highest expected outcome. In the long run, the strategy of shifting blame becomes unproductive for both sides alike. [source] Appraising, researching and conceptualizing criminal thinking: a personal viewCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2006GLENN D. WALTERS Background,It is argued that current interest in the concept of criminal thinking has its roots in traditional theories of criminology and criminal justice such as Sutherland's differential association model, neutralization theory, and Yochelson and Samenow's criminal personality. Aim,The purpose of this paper is to briefly review and summarize theory, research, and practice on criminal thinking as it relates to the author's work in this area. Conclusions,Three self-report inventories , the Criminal Sentiments Scale (CSS), the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS), and the Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA); three principal areas of research , criminal thinking as a predictor of criminal behaviour, offence as a moderator of criminal thinking, and changes in criminal thinking leading to changes in criminal behaviour; and a general theory of criminal thinking are briefly reviewed in this paper. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Expanding field of purinergic signalingDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 1-2 2001Geoffrey Burnstock Abstract This article attempts to paint a broad picture of the extraordinary explosive recent developments in the purinergic signaling field. After a brief historical review and update of purinoceptor subtypes, the focus is on the physiological roles of purines and pyrimidines. These are considered both in terms of short-term signaling in neurotransmission, secretion, and vasodilatation and in long-term (trophic) signaling in development, regeneration, proliferation, and cell death. Examples of trophic signaling include cartilage development in limb buds, glial cell proliferation, development of skeletal muscle, changes in receptor expression in smooth-muscle phenotypes, maturation of testicular spermatids, and bone remodeling. Plasticity of purinoceptor expression in pathological conditions is described, including the increase in the purinergic component of parasympathetic nervous control of the human bladder in interstitial cystitis and outflow obstruction and in sympathetic cotransmitter control of blood vessels in hypertensive rats, the appearance of P2X7 receptors in the glomeruli of the kidney from diabetic and transgenic hypertensive animal models, and up-regulation of P2X1 and P2Y2 receptor mRNA in hearts of rats with congestive heart failure. The role of P2X3 receptors in nociception is considered, and a new hypothesis about purinergic mechanosensory transduction in the gut is explored. A personal view of some of the areas ripe for future development concludes this article, including a discussion of different strategies that could lead to the development of purinergic therapeutic agents. Drug Dev. Res. 52:1,10, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] From phagocyte diversity and activation to probiotics: Back to MetchnikoffEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 12 2008Alberto Mantovani Abstract In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Siamon Gordon gives a detailed account of Metchnikoff's life and his achievements (Eur. J. Immunol. 2008. 38: 3257,3264). Looking back at the roots of innate immunity stimulates reflections on open issues in the field. Here, I give a personal view of some of these issues, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophage polarization and adaptive responses of mononuclear phagocytes. [source] Body maintenance and repair: how food and exercise keep the musculoskeletal system in good shapeEXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Michael J. Rennie This article provides a personal view of how feeding and exercise acutely modify protein metabolism of human skeletal muscle, with discussion of the anabolic signalling mechanisms involved and some new findings on the metabolism of the turnover of collagen, tendon and bone. [source] Long-term Hydrological Forecasting in Cold Regions: Retrospect, Current Status and ProspectGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2009Alexander N. Gelfan The influence of long-term snow accumulation on the runoff conditions several months afterwards is a distinct hydrological characteristic of cold regions, which creates opportunities for long-term (seasonal and subseasonal) hydrological forecasting in these regions. We consider evolution of the long-term forecasting approaches from the deterministic data-based index methods to the hydrological model-based ensemble approaches. Of key interest in this review are the methods developed and used in operational practice in Russia and in the USA, with the emphasis being placed on the methods used in Russia, which may be less familiar to international hydrological society. Following a description of the historical context, we review recent developments that place emphasis on problems relating to the uncertainty of the weather conditions for the lead time of the forecast. We conclude with a personal view of the prospects for the future development of long-term hydrological forecasting techniques. [source] Planning the future by the present: a personal viewHEALTH INFORMATION & LIBRARIES JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000John Lancaster Director of Information Services First page of article [source] Treatment of intrinsic discoloration in permanent anterior teeth in children and adolescentsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2001Alyson Wray The tenth National Clinical Guideline in Paediatric Dentistry is published here. The process of guideline production began in 1994, resulting in first publication in 1997. Each guideline has a nominated main author but the content is not a personal view; it represents rather a consensus of opinion of current best clinical practice. Each guideline has been circulated to all consultants in Paediatric Dentistry in the UK, to Council of BSPD, and to people of related specialities recognised to have expertise in the subject. The final version of the guideline is produced from a combination of this input and thorough review of published literature. The intention is to encourage improvement in clinical practice and to stimulate research and clinical audit in areas where scientific evidence is inadequate. Evidence underlying recommendations is scored according to the SIGN classification and guidelines should be read in this context. For those wishing for further detail, the process of guideline production in the UK is described in International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1997; 7: 267,268. [source] It was not easy: a personal viewINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL, Issue 4 2002Isaac Horowitz First page of article [source] Impact of synchrotron radiation on macromolecular crystallography: a personal viewJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 4 2010Zbigniew Dauter The introduction of synchrotron radiation sources almost four decades ago has led to a revolutionary change in the way that diffraction data from macromolecular crystals are being collected. Here a brief history of the development of methodologies that took advantage of the availability of synchrotron sources are presented, and some personal experiences with the utilization of synchrotrons in the early days are recalled. [source] Nerve biopsy is still very useful: a personal viewJOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 1 2008Claude Vital [source] Thirty years of spatial econometricsPAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010Luc Anselin Spatial econometrics; spatial analysis; regional modelling Abstract In this paper, I give a personal view on the development of the field of spatial econometrics during the past 30 years. I argue that it has moved from the margins to the mainstream of applied econometrics and social science methodology. I distinguish three broad phases in the development, which I refer to as preconditions, take off and maturity. For each of these phases I describe the main methodological focus and list major contributions. I conclude with some speculations about future directions. Resumen En este artículo, expongo mi opinión personal sobre el avance en el campo de la econometría espacial durante los últimos 30 años. Mi argumento es que ha pasado de estar en la periferia de la econometría espacial y la metodología de ciencias sociales a ser algo corriente. Hago la distinción entre tres fases principales en el avance, a las que denomino precondiciones, arranque y madurez. Para cada una de estas fases describo el objetivo metodológico principal y proporciono un listado con las contribuciones principales. Concluyo con especulaciones sobre posibles direcciones en el futuro. [source] Shine a light with nitridesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 7-8 2009Wolfgang Schnick Abstract The Expert Opinion is written by a distinguished scientist and presents his personal view on important and relevant new results of research, highlighting their significance and putting the work into perspective for a broader audience. Please send comments to pss.rapid@wiley-vch.de or to the author. The text by Wolfgang Schnick refers to the Rapid Research Letter by R. Mueller-Mach et al., published in this issue of Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3, 215 (2009). (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] SHOULD INSTITUTIONS PRIORITIZE RECTIFICATION OVER AID?THE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 241 2010Thomas Douglas Should an institutional scheme prioritize the rectification or compensation of harms it has wrongfully caused over provision of aid to persons it has not harmed? Some who think so rely on an analogy with the view that persons should give higher priority to rectification than to aid. Inference from the personal view to the institutional view would be warranted if either (i) the correct moral principles for institutional assessment are nearest possible equivalents of the correct personal moral principles, or (ii) the moral principles which ground the personal view also ground the institutional view. Neither claim can be justified. I briefly assess some alternative ways of defending the view that institutions should prioritize rectification over aid. [source] A Personal User's View of Functional Electrical Stimulation CyclingARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 3 2002Roger Fitzwater Abstract: Two years of functional electrical stimulation cycling (FESC) as a researcher and subject have given me an insight into the direction that future FESC should take as well as providing me with significant health benefits and an enjoyable and functional ability to cycle. If FESC is to benefit spinal cord injured persons (SCIPs), researchers must turn their attention to making the activity convenient and enjoyable. What follows is a personal view and will be less scientifically rigorous than other presentations but hopefully still of value. It calls upon my experience as a general medical practitioner with a special interest in the value of exercise, a human powered vehicle enthusiast, an amateur FES researcher, but most importantly, an SCIP and FES cyclist. [source] Supersoft AGNs and their relations to Galactic binariesASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 2 2010Th. Boller Abstract I review some basic results on AGN with supersoft X-ray spectra and their relations to Galactic binaries in their soft high states. This paper is based on a talk given at the Supersoft Sources Workshop at ESTEC in May 2009. Given the length of the talk and the number of pages the review cannot be complete and is biased towards my personal view. I demonstrate that at high accretion rates supersoft AGNs and Galactic binaries share steep soft X-ray spectra, that the X-ray variability of supersoft AGNs is more pronounced compared to Galactic binaries in their high states, that the X-ray variability of supersoft novae and supersoft AGNs is similar, and that in Galactic binaries mostly positive time lags are seen, while negative time lags are observed in some supersoft AGN (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Training and patient safetyBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 4 2004P. Thorpe Patient Safety Leading Article Series, 2004 Over the rest of 2004 BJS will publish a series of leading articles dealing with issues of patient safety. A personal view of the matter was sought from the perspective of a trainee, Paul Thorpe, British trained but currently working in Australia. The trainee's view, sadly but typically, tends to come last,but not this time. Paul's article starts off the series. He notes that hospitals lag behind the airline industry and it is fitting, therefore, that the second paper is by Manfred Müller of Lufthansa. Copyright © 2004 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Doctors and the law , a personal viewBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 8 2001This is the fourth in a series of articles on ethics, professional governance, the law. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Interventions for apnoea of prematurity: a personal viewACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2010CF Poets Abstract Aim:, To review treatments for apnoea of prematurity (AOP). Methods:, Literature Review and description of personal practice. Results:, Provided that symptomatic apnoea has been ruled out, interventions to improve AOP can be viewed as directed at one of three underlying mechanisms: (i) a reduced work of breathing [e.g. prone positioning, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)], (ii) an increased respiratory drive (e.g. caffeine), and (iii) an improved diaphragmatic function (e.g. branched-chain amino acids). Most options currently applied, however, have not yet been shown to be effective and/or safe, except for prone, head-elevated positioning, synchronized nasal ventilation/CPAP, and caffeine. Conclusion:, Treatment usually follows an incremental approach, starting with positioning, followed by caffeine (which should be started early, at least in infants <1250 g), and nasal ventilation or CPAP via variable flow systems that reduce work of breathing. From a research point of view, we most urgently need data on the frequency and severity of bradycardia and intermittent hypoxia that can yet be tolerated without putting an infant at risk of impaired development or retinopathy of prematurity. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||