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Personal Risk (personal + risk)
Terms modified by Personal Risk Selected AbstractsInformation Technology and Emergency Medical Care during DisastersACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2004Theodore C. Chan MD Abstract Disaster response to mass-casualty incidents represents one of the greatest challenges to a community's emergency response system. Rescuers, field medical personnel, and regional emergency departments and hospitals must often provide care to large numbers of casualties in a setting of limited resources, inadequate communication, misinformation, damaged infrastructure, and great personal risk. Emergency care providers and incident managers attempt to procure and coordinate resources and personnel, often with inaccurate data regarding the true nature of the incident, needs, and ongoing response. In this chaotic environment, new technologies in communications, the Internet, computer miniaturization, and advanced "smart devices" have the potential to vastly improve the emergency medical response to such mass-casualty incident disasters. In particular, next-generation wireless Internet and geopositioning technologies may have the greatest impact on improving communications, information management, and overall disaster response and emergency medical care. These technologies have applications in terms of enhancing mass-casualty field care, provider safety, field incident command, resource management, informatics support, and regional emergency department and hospital care of disaster victims. [source] Reports of information and support needs of daughters and sisters of women with breast cancerEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 1 2003ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR , K. CHALMERS RN, MSC(A) The aim of this study was to describe the information and support needs of women who have primary relatives with breast cancer. The Information and Support Needs Questionnaire (ISNQ) was developed and revised from previous qualitative and pilot studies. The ISNQ addressed concepts of the importance of, and the degree to which, 29 information and support needs related to breast cancer had been met. The study sample consisted of 261 community-residing women who had mothers, sisters, or a mother and sister(s) with breast cancer. Data were collected using a mailed survey. In addition to the ISNQ, additional items addressed family and health history, breast self-care practices, perception of the impact of the relative's breast cancer and other variables. Also included were established and well-validated measures of anxiety and depression. The findings document women's priority information and support needs. The information need most frequently identified as very important was information about personal risk of breast cancer. Other highly rated needs addressed risk factors for breast cancer and early detection measures. Generally, the women perceived that their information and support needs were not well met. These findings illuminate needs of women for more information and support when they have close family relatives with breast cancer and opportunities for primary care providers to assist women in addressing their needs. [source] Using disease risk estimates to guide risk factor interventions: field test of a patient workbook for self-assessing coronary riskHEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 1 2002J. Michael Paterson MSc Objective,To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a patient workbook for self-assessing coronary risk. Design,Pilot study, with post-study physician and patient interviews. Setting and subjects,Twenty southern Ontario family doctors and 40 patients for whom they would have used the workbook under normal practice conditions. Interventions,The study involved convening two sequential groups of family physicians: the first (n=10) attended focus group meetings to help develop the workbook (using algorithms from the Framingham Heart Study); the second (n=20) used the workbook in practice with 40 patients. Follow-up interviews were by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Main outcome measures,Physicians' and patients' opinions of the workbook's format, content, helpfulness, feasibility, and potential for broad application, as well as patients' perceived 10-year risk of a coronary event measured before and after using the workbook. Results,It took an average of 18 minutes of physician time to use the workbook: roughly 7 minutes to introduce it to patients, and about 11 minutes to discuss the results. Assessments of the workbook were generally favourable. Most patients were able to complete it on their own (78%), felt they had learned something (80%) and were willing to recommend it to someone else (98%). Similarly, 19 of 20 physicians found it helpful and would use it in practice with an average of 18% of their patients (range: 1,80%). The workbook helped to correct misperceptions patients had about their personal risk of a coronary event over the next 10 years (pre-workbook (mean (SD) %): 35.2 (16.9) vs. post-workbook: 17.3 (13.5), P < 0.0001; estimate according to algorithm: 10.6 (7.6)). Conclusions,Given a simple tool, patients can and will assess their own risk of CHD. Such tools could help inform otherwise healthy individuals that their risk is increased, allowing them to make more informed decisions about their behaviours and treatment. [source] Explaining the national differences in pressure ulcer prevalence between the Netherlands and Germany , adjusted for personal risk factors and institutional quality indicatorsJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Antje Tannen RN MA MPH Abstract Background, Pressure ulcers have a known impact on quality of life as well as on morbidity and mortality of the persons affected. Remarkable differences in pressure ulcer prevalence between the Netherlands and Germany have been found during the last 6 years. This study explores to what extent the individual risk of the population and quality indicators of the institutions can explain the variation in national prevalence. Methods, Data of a binational multi-centred cross-sectional study in 103 hospitals (n = 21 378 patients) and 129 nursing homes (n = 15 579 residents) were analysed using random effects regression models to calculate the differences in national prevalences within the nursing homes and hospitals, adjusted for personal risk for pressure ulcer and quality indicators. Results, The prevalence of pressure ulcers among the at-risk group (Bradenscore ,20) in nursing homes was 30.8% in the Netherlands and 8.3% in Germany [OR: 4.9 (CI 95%: 4.2,5.7)]. In hospitals, the prevalence among the at-risk group was 26.1% in the Netherlands and 21.2% in Germany [OR: 1.3 (CI 95%: 1.2,1.5)]. After adjusting for individual risk factors (age, gender, Bradenscore) as well as for quality structures (use of prevention and treatment protocols, experts groups, information leaflets, nurses training, central pressure ulcer statistics and regular updating of protocols), the chance of developing a pressure ulcer was 6.05 times higher (CI 95%: 4.0,9.2) in a Dutch nursing home than in a German nursing home. Within the hospitals, the OR for Dutch patients was 2.03 (CI 95%: 1.4,3.0). Conclusion, A remarkable national variation exists in pressure ulcer prevalence and nursing practice. Neither the populations vulnerability for pressure ulcers nor pressure ulcer management as measured in this study could explain this national variation. Therefore, other risk factors should be taken into consideration. Additionally, it is possible that quality indicators are implemented in differing ways with varying levels of effectiveness. Therefore, further research is needed to examine prospectively and in more detail the reality of care within facilities in both countries. [source] The Terror that Failed: Public Opinion in the Aftermath of the Bombing in Oklahoma CityPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 3 2000Carol W. Lewis Did the bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City affect the public's perception of terrorism as a political issue and their perceptions of individual risk and personal vulnerability? The author finds that the bombing in Oklahoma City altered neither the public's assessment of personal risk nor its reported behavior. Public opinion on terrorism and crime share three patterns: (1) perceived risk of victimization and the likely consequences affect public apprehension; (2) the voiced sense of personal security bears a direct relationship to the relative familiarity of the setting; and (3) the public shows resistance to the media's portrayal of risk. Opinion data indicate that domestic terrorism is likely to be seen as important in general and in the abstract, but with low personal risk, little impact on individuals' routine behavior, and, consequently, low political salience. In light of terrorism's purpose of inducing fear and the public's generally placid response on a personal level, the author concludes that the bombing failed as an act of domestic terrorism. [source] Perception of Risk by Administrators and Home Health AidesPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 2 2002Mary Agnes Kendra Ph.D. Increasing numbers of persons over 65, decreased length of hospital stay, and need for chronic (custodial) health care have placed a strain on home health care agencies. The second largest group of persons providing care is home health aides (HHAs), who perform in-home, nonskilled, technical procedures with little or no on-site supervision. They are generally high school graduates or hold GEDs. The purpose of this study was to compare home health care administrators' (HHCAs) and HHAs' perceptions of risk involved in home visiting. Given HHAs' educational preparation and limited supervision, they are basically on their own for work performed. Although agencies provide orientation sessions for new workers, periodic in-services often relate to tasks and competency testing and little attention directed toward protecting the self,specifically, strategies to decrease personal risk. In order to determine to what extent HHCAs and HHAs perceive risk, the Home Health Care Perception of Risk Questionnaire, a self-report measure, was administered to a national random sample of 93 HHCAs and 227 HHAs. Findings suggest that these groups differ in perception of risk and level of agency support in making home visits. Suggestions for meeting the needs of this HHA provider group are offered. [source] Receiving inconclusive genetic test results: An interpretive description of the BRCA1/2 experience,RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 6 2008Christine Maheu Abstract We examined the experience of 21 women diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer who received inconclusive BRCA1/2 genetic test results. Although these women received similar information on the technical meaning of an inconclusive result, their interpretations of personal risk for a probable, inherited cancer mutation differed. Their interpretations ranged from confidence that they probably carried an undetected gene mutation to believing that their cancer had no genetic basis. Women drew from their personal experience with genetic testing and from distinctive perceptions and beliefs in attempting to understand their test results; they variously drew upon such evidence as observations of similarities and differences within familial breast/ovarian cancer patterns to explain their ultimate conclusions as to their own genetic status. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:553,562, 2008 [source] Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in relation to safe sex, sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS among remote living north Queensland youthAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2010Patricia Fagan Abstract Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth living in far north Queensland in relation to sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS and safe sex. Methods: Community consultation followed by local recruitment of a sample of young people who, in a facilitated same gender focus group setting, completed a questionnaire followed by open discussion of the issues in a range of remote locations during 2007. Results: The remote living Indigenous youth demonstrated lower levels of knowledge in relation to STI and HIV and higher levels of partner change than was demonstrated in the 2002 national secondary school survey. Despite the high rates of bacterial STI in the region, there was an extremely low level of awareness of personal risk in relation to STI and HIV. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to strengthen school-based sex education and to develop innovative approaches to sexual health promotion in addition to improving clinical sexual health service provision. [source] Comparing knowledge and perceived risk related to the human papilloma virus among Australian women of diverse sexual orientationsAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 1 2009Ruth McNair Abstract Objectives: The study compared levels of awareness of human papilloma virus (HPV) as a sexually transmissible infection (STI) between women of different sexual orientations. It also examined self-reported risk factors for HPV infection, perceived level of personal risk, and willingness to have the HPV vaccine. Methods: Recruitment occurred through community sampling and data was collected using a self-completion questionnaire. Results: A convenience sample of 349 women completed the questionnaire in early 2007, 309 were sexually active; 47.6% had lifetime sexual partners of both genders, 26.9% had only male partners, and 25.5% had only female partners. Women with partners of both genders were more likely to have ever had a pap test but were also more likely to report an abnormal result (OR 3.19) than women with only male partners. Only 68% of the sample had heard of HPV and women with partners of both genders were significantly more likely to be aware than women with only male partners (OR 2.56). Forty-four per cent did not know how HPV was transmitted and less than half correctly identified HPV-associated clinical problems, with no differences according to gender of partners. The majority of women had risk factors for HPV, however, few felt personally at risk. Conclusions: The very low personal risk perception for HPV, particularly among women who have female and male sexual partners, suggests the need for targeted education for this group regarding HPV transmission and prevention. Implications: Health promotion regarding HPV should be broadened to specifically include information about HPV as an STI between women. [source] Relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS among dental school employees and studentsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 3 2004K. M. Börsum Objectives:, Employees and students at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo responded to a comprehensive questionnaire regarding knowledge and attitudes towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The intention of the present study was to describe possible relationships between the two. Method:, The questionnaire consisted of 39 closed questions. The response rate was 75% (436/584). The answers were used to construct additive indices for knowledge and attitudes. Results:, The knowledge index reflected the number of correct answers concerning risk groups and transmission. A factor analysis revealed three dimensions of attitudes (,legal', ,personal risk', and ,personal consequences'), which were analysed separately against knowledge. Correlation analyses (Spearman r) of all respondents together (n = 436) revealed a weak, but statistically significant, positive correlation between knowledge and the ,legal' and ,personal risk' dimension of attitudes (r = 0.16, P < 0.01; r = 0.21, P < 0.001). The ,personal consequence' dimension was not significantly correlated with knowledge (r = 0.06, P > 0.05). The strongest correlation was found between knowledge and the ,legal' dimension (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), and knowledge and the ,personal risk' dimension (r = 0.41, P < 0.002) amongst fourth year students. No particular group of employees or students displayed a significant correlation between knowledge and the ,personal consequence' dimension of attitudes. Conclusions:, Three dimensions on attitudes concerning patients with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome were identified amongst the respondents. A weak correlation between knowledge and two of the attitudes might indicate that knowledge plays a role in this respect. [source] Overreachers: Hyperbole, the "circle in the water," and Force in 1 Henry 6ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 3 2003Michael Harrawood Overreachers: hyperbole, the "circle in the water," and the imposition of force in Henry VI, Part One This essay considers Joan of Arc's "Glory is like a circle in the water," speech from Henry VI, Part One. My argument is that the circle in the water,a model for the former English victories which now Joan claims will disperse to nothing,is both a figure for and a model of what the period called "overreaching." An examination of Joan's verbal tactics in this brief speech leads me first to a historical claim that Shakespeare, through Joan, deliberately sophisticates (by weakening) the model of Tamburlainian speech which constituted his chief competition in the amphitheaters. The circle in the water simile gets its power by thematizing the pathos of its own eventual exhaustion; and unlike Tamburlaine the power of the early English histories is derived from a series of ego surges that lead ultimately to failed and exhausted verbal performers. This historical claim leads to an examination of contemporary theories about hyperbolical speech and about the personal risks of using hyperbole in public speech performances. [source] | ||||||||||