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Personal Goals (personal + goal)
Selected AbstractsBasic Personality Dispositions, Self-Esteem, and Personal Goals: An Approach-Avoidance AnalysisJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2006Sara A. Heimpel ABSTRACT This research examined the hypothesis that self-esteem negatively predicts avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals, as well as the hypothesis that self-esteem mediates the link between indicators of approach and avoidance temperament and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals. Study 1 established that self-esteem is indeed negatively related to avoidance (relative to approach) goals, even with social desirability concerns controlled. In Study 2, self-esteem was found to mediate the relation between Neuroticism (conceptualized as an indicator of avoidance temperament) and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals. In Study 3, self-esteem was documented as a mediator of the relation between BAS and BIS sensitivity (conceptualized as indicators of approach and avoidance temperament, respectively) and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals in the achievement domain. The implications of these findings for our understanding of basic personality dispositions, self-esteem, and personal goals are discussed. [source] Personal Goals and Psychological Growth: Testing an Intervention to Enhance Goal Attainment and Personality IntegrationJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2002Kennon M. Sheldon We hypothesized that semester goal attainmentprovides a route to short-term psychological growth. In an attempt to enhance this process, werandomly assigned participants to either a goal-training program or to a control condition. Although there were no main effects of program participation on later goal attainment, importantinteractions were found. Consistent with a “prepared to benefit” model,participants already high in goal-based measures of personality integration perceived the programas most useful and benefited the most from the program in terms of goal attainment. As a result,they became even more integrated and also increased in their levels of psychosocial well-being andvitality. Implications for theories of short-term growth and positive change are discussed, as is theunanswered question of how to help less-integrated persons grow. [source] Personal Goals in Social Roles: Divergences and Convergences Across Roles and Levels of AnalysisJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2000Kennon M. Sheldon Most contemporary personal goal research aggregates across goals, perhaps masking important differences between goals. We assessed this risk by examining both similarities and differences between the goals that participants pursued in five important social roles. Previous relevant findings (Cantor, Norem, Niedenthal, Langston, & Brower, 1987) and self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) were used to predict between-role differences in goal appraisal dimensions. Although theoretically meaningful differences were found across child, employee, romantic, friendship, and student goals, and also across within- and between-subject levels of analysis, all goals were essentially the same in one important way: Making longitudinal progress in them predicted positive change in accompanying role-circumstances and role-satisfaction (excepting friendship goals). This indicates that researchers do not necessarily lose information by aggregating, and affirms that goal-attainment is generally desirable. [source] Parents' perspectives on coping with Duchenne muscular dystrophyCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2005C. L. Webb Abstract Background, The author, who has a grown son with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), has personally experienced a lack of available information for parents about coping with DMD. Therefore, as a longtime personal goal, she developed this study to address that lack of information. Methods, Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 parents (n = 7 with both parents; n = 1 with two sisters; n = 6 with mothers only; n = 1 with father only). The purpose of the interviews was to examine the strategies parents use to cope when their sons have DMD. The interviews were conducted in 12 states, taped and transcribed. Results, Grounded theory analysis of the interview data indicated the willingness of these parents to share information to empower others like themselves. Conclusions, Parents want to be heard and valued as experts on DMD by medical and other professionals who interact with their sons. In addition, they want to proactively participate in their sons' lives and to encourage other parents to do the same. [source] Boredom in the workplace: More than monotonous tasksINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT REVIEWS, Issue 4 2009Lia Loukidou Boredom is an emotional state that has a long history in organizational research. Despite recent changes in technology and the organization of work, boredom remains a part of the experience of work. The available evidence indicates that boredom is associated mainly with negative individual and organizational outcomes. The authors organize the review of the antecedents of boredom around four major themes in the literature: boredom in relation to jobs; individual differences; social context; and goals and coping. The authors conclude that the major challenge for researchers is to provide an integrative account of boredom which subsumes multiple areas of research, and that one most promising avenue for future research requires further attention to boredom in relation to coping processes, pursuit and attainment of personal goals. [source] Social cognition and moral cognition in bullying: what's wrong?AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 6 2006Gianluca Gini Abstract Two different models have been proposed that describe the bully alternatively as a child lacking in social skills [Crick and Dodge, 1994], or as a cold manipulative individual, who leads gangs to achieve personal goals [Sutton et al., 1999a]. The present study examined the performance of 204 8,11-year-olds in a set of stories that assessed understanding of cognitions and emotions, in relation to their Participant Role in bullying. Moreover, children's understanding of moral emotions and proneness to moral disengagement was assessed. Victims showed some difficulties in the social cognition task, whereas bullies did not. Aggressive children, instead, were found to be more ready to show moral disengagement mechanisms, whereas defenders showed higher levels of moral sensibility. Results are discussed in relation to the two models, and the need for further research into empathy and moral cognition of children involved in bullying episodes is highlighted. Aggr. Behav. 32:528,539, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Generational differences: revisiting generational work values for the new millenniumJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 4 2002Karen Wey Smola As we enter the new millennium and face the entrance of another generation of workers into the changing world of work, managers are encouraged to deal with the generational differences that appear to exist among workers. This paper revisits the issue of generational differences and the causes of those differences. Data were obtained from more than 350 individuals across the country who responded to a request to complete a survey. Current generational differences in worker values are analysed and the results are compared to a similar study conducted in 1974. Results suggest that generational work values do differ. To a lesser degree, the results suggest that work values also change as workers grow older. Finally, the results indicate an increasing desire among American workers to balance work and personal goals. This change in attitude was reflected even within the same cohort group. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Personality Reflected in a Coherent Idiosyncratic Interplay of Intra- and Interpersonal Self-Regulatory ProcessesJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2006Carolyn C. Morf ABSTRACT This article discusses a framework that conceptualizes personality in terms of a unique pattern of interacting intra- and interpersonal self-regulatory mechanisms employed in the service of constructing and maintaining a desired self. These personal goals motivate the individuals' self-construction efforts and give direction, organization, and coherence to the self-regulatory dynamics,both within the person and in the social world in which they play out. The framework is illustrated through research on construct validation of the narcissistic personality type and extended by brief applications to dependency and rejection sensitivity to show how it may help us understand the complex signatures that are the expressions of a personality type. It offers a guide for where to look for and how to organize the unique features and idiosyncratic dynamics of different self-construction types and to make sense of their otherwise often seemingly paradoxical expressions. In so doing, the framework speaks to basic goals of personality psychology by providing an approach for capturing trait-like individual differences while simultaneously shedding light on the psychological mechanism that underlies them. [source] Basic Personality Dispositions, Self-Esteem, and Personal Goals: An Approach-Avoidance AnalysisJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2006Sara A. Heimpel ABSTRACT This research examined the hypothesis that self-esteem negatively predicts avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals, as well as the hypothesis that self-esteem mediates the link between indicators of approach and avoidance temperament and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals. Study 1 established that self-esteem is indeed negatively related to avoidance (relative to approach) goals, even with social desirability concerns controlled. In Study 2, self-esteem was found to mediate the relation between Neuroticism (conceptualized as an indicator of avoidance temperament) and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals. In Study 3, self-esteem was documented as a mediator of the relation between BAS and BIS sensitivity (conceptualized as indicators of approach and avoidance temperament, respectively) and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals in the achievement domain. The implications of these findings for our understanding of basic personality dispositions, self-esteem, and personal goals are discussed. [source] Lay Understanding of Macroeconomic Causation: The Good-Begets-Good HeuristicAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009David Leiser The functioning of the economic system is complex and technical. For its part, the public is constantly presented with information on economic causality. It is important for its members to assimilate this information, whether to further their personal goals or to engage advisedly in the democratic process. We presented economically untrained and trained participants with questions of the form: "If variable A increases, how will this affect variable B?" for all the combinations of 19 key economic indicators. Economically untrained participants were willing to commit themselves on most questions, despite their medium to low self-report of understanding the concepts involved. Analysis of the pattern of responses reveals the use of a simple shortcut, the good-begets-good heuristic, which yields a sense of competence in the absence of understanding of the causal mechanism involved. Le fonctionnement du système économique est complexe et technique, et le public est constamment confrontéà des informations se référant à une causalitééconomique. Il est important que le public les assimile, que ce soit pout poursuivre ses buts personnels ou pour participer en connaissance de cause au processus démocratique. Nous avons présentéà des sujets, ayant bénéficié ou non d'une formation en économie, des questions sous la forme: "Si la variable A augmente, comment cela affectera-t-il la variable B?" pour toutes les combinaisons possibles de 19 indicateurs économiques clés. Les sujets sans formation économique sont disposés à prendre position sur la plupart des questions, malgré une auto-évaluation assez basse quant à leur compréhension des concepts impliqués. L'analyse de la structure des réponses révèle l'utilisation d'un simple raccourci, l'heuristique "le bien engendre le bien", ce qui leur donne un sentiment de compétence alors qu'ils ne comprennent pas le mécanisme causal en jeu. [source] Personal Goal Facilitation through Work: Implications for Employee Satisfaction and Well-BeingAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Laura ter Doest Que le travail facilite la réalisation des objectifs personnels dépend de la perception de l'impact du travail sur l'atteinte de ces objectifs personnels. En accord avec la littérature sur l'autorégulation et le modèle cybernétique du stress organisationnel proposé par Edwards (1992), la facilitation de l'accès à ses objectifs personnels par le travail fut supposée en relation positive avec les attitudes relatives à l'emploi et le bien-être de l'employé. En outre, on a prédit un rapport plus étroit entre la facilitation de l'accès à ses objectifs personnels par le travail et les performances du salarié quand les buts personnels étaient fortement valorisés. Ces hypothèses ont été mises à l'épreuve à travers un questionnaire rempli par 1036 employés du secteur de la santé. D'après l'analyse de régression, la facilitation de l'accès à ses objectifs personnels par le travail expliquait une part importante de la variance du bien-être et des attitudes relatives à l'emploi, même après avoir contrôlé les caractéristiques des postes en référence au modèle de Karasek concernant les relations agents stressants,tension au travail (1979; Karasek & Theorell, 1990). L'importance des objectifs n'avait qu'une influence des plus limitées. On en conclut que la facilitation de l'accès à ses objectifs personnels par le travail offre une voie prometteuse pour explorer les attitudes liées à l'emploi et le bien-être, en complément des modèles plus traditionnels des caractéristiques de l'emploi. Personal goal facilitation through work refers to perceptions of the extent to which one's job facilitates the attainment of one's personal goals. In line with the self-regulation literature and Edwards' (1992) cybernetic model of organisational stress, personal goal facilitation through work was predicted to show positive associations with job attitudes and employee well-being. Moreover, stronger relationships between personal goal facilitation through work and employee outcomes were predicted for highly valued personal goals. These predictions were investigated in a questionnaire study of 1,036 health care employees. In regression analyses, personal goal facilitation through work accounted for substantial variance in job attitudes and well-being, even after controlling for job characteristics from Karasek's (1979; Karasek & Theorell, 1990) model of occupational stressor,strain relations. There was only very limited evidence of moderating effects of goal importance. It is concluded that personal goal facilitation through work offers a promising source of insight into job attitudes and well-being, complementing more traditional job characteristics models. [source] Interpersonal distress as a mediator between avoidance goals and goal satisfaction in psychotherapy inpatientsCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 3 2006Martin Grosse Holtforth Interpersonal behavior is assumed to be motivated by personal goals that an individual develops ontogenetically to satisfy and protect psychological needs. Interpersonal problems are hypothesized to (1) occur as a consequence of strong avoidance goals and (2) lead to decreased satisfaction of the person's approach goals. The hypotheses are tested using the self-report data of 284 subjects with predominantly anxiety, affective and eating disorders who applied for treatment in a clinic offering inpatient cognitive,behavioral psychotherapy. Results indicate that interpersonal problems mediate the relationship between avoidance goals and the satisfaction of approach goals. Additional analyses explore specific associations between avoidance goals and certain kinds of interpersonal problem. Avoidance goals are then located within the interpersonal circle structure.,Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||