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Personal Expectations (personal + expectation)
Selected AbstractsEVALUATION OF IDEAL WINE AND CHEESE PAIRS USING A DEVIATION-FROM-IDEAL SCALE WITH FOOD AND WINE EXPERTSJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 3 2005MARJORIE KING ABSTRACT Most information regarding the suitability of wine and cheese pairs is anecdotal information. The objective of this research was to provide recommendations based on scientific research for the most desirable "wine & cheese pairs" using nine award-winning Canadian cheeses and 18 BC wines (six white, six red and six specialty wines). Twenty-seven wine and food professionals rated the wine and cheese pairs using a bipolar structured line scale (12 cm). The "ideal pair," scored at the midpoint of the scale, was defined as a wine and cheese combination where neither the wine nor the cheese dominated. For each cheese, mean deviation-from-ideal scores were determined and evaluated by analysis of variance. Scores closest to six were considered "ideal," while higher or lower scores represented pairs where the "wine" or the "cheese" dominated, respectively. In general, white wines had mean scores closer to six ("ideal") than either the red or specialty wines. The late harvest, ice and port-type wines were more difficult to pair . Judges varied considerably in their individual assessments reflecting a high degree of personal expectation and preference. [source] Elders assessment of an evolving model of oral healthGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Mario A Brondani Objectives:, To evaluate qualitatively a model of oral health through focus groups among elders. Methods:, The participants (30 women and 12 men; mean age: 75 years) attended one of six focus groups to discuss the relevance of the model to their oral health-related beliefs and experiences, and transcripts of the narratives were analysed systematically for the components, associations and recommendations emerging from the discussions. Results:, The groups confirmed the relevance of the original components of the model with minor modifications, but felt that for completeness it required four additional components: diet; economic priorities; personal expectations; and health values and beliefs. They recommended that the negative connotations of limited activity, impairment and restricted participation were modified with the positive terms activity and participation, and they suggested that ellipses rather than concentric circles more aptly illustrate the dynamic and overlapping importance of the various components in the model. Conclusion:, The original model required additional components and graphic representation to accommodate all of the experiences and beliefs relating to the oral health of the elders who participated in this qualitative study. [source] Non-supportive interactions in the experience of women family caregiversHEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 6 2007Anne Neufeld RN PhD Abstract The purpose of this ethnographic study was to identify and describe types of non-supportive interactions perceived by 59 women family caregivers in four diverse situations. Participants included 15 mothers of infants born prematurely, 14 mothers of a child with a chronic disease (asthma or diabetes), and women caring for an adult family member with either cancer (15) or dementia (15). Data collection methods included an initial in-depth interview with all women, followed by a second interview with a smaller group of caregivers including a card sort exercise that was based on thematic content analysis of the first interview data. A typology of non-supportive interactions was developed from analysis of the first two interviews and confirmed in a final interview with a subset of study participants. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Women in all caregiving situations described experience with three types of non-supportive interactions. These interactions were negative, ineffective, or lacking expected support. The women's appraisal of interactions as supportive or non-supportive was rooted in their personal expectations and the context of their situation. Information about types of non-supportive interactions can sensitise professionals, family and friends to mismatches between their assistance and caregivers' requirements, potentially avoiding negative consequences. [source] Project 2000: a study of expected and experienced stressors and support reported by students and qualified nursesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 4 2000Hilary Brown MSc BA RNT RN Project 2000: a study of expected and experienced stressors and support reported by students and qualified nurses The present study was conducted in the light of major reforms to nurse education which have taken place in the United Kingdom since 1989. The study aimed to identify initially perceived stressors and coping resources and subsequently, to compare these with actually reported stressors and available resources, during a critical period in nurses' careers. Three groups of nurses participated who were undertaking, or had recently completed, the first Project 2000 course at a university in the south of England. Participants were given an open-ended questionnaire and asked to describe potential difficulties, and the coping resources they anticipated using, in a subsequent 6-month period. Following analysis of the descriptors a structured questionnaire was developed to measure actually experienced difficulties and coping resources that were reported; this was completed by the three groups 6 months after the initial phase of the study. Both student and staff nurse groups reported fewer stressors and more resources than they had predicted. Students anticipated difficulties with competence but actually reported financial difficulties. They experienced support from mentors although this was not anticipated. Newly qualified staff nurses experienced fewer difficulties with meeting personal expectations of the role than they had anticipated. They reported more use of emotion-focused coping and less professional support than the student groups. The results are discussed in relation to training needs. [source] Paradoxical Effects of Alcohol Information on Alcohol Outcome ExpectanciesALCOHOLISM, Issue 7 2010Marvin D. Krank Background:, Cognitive associations with alcohol predict both current and future use in youth and young adults. Much cognitive and social cognitive research suggests that exposure to information may have unconscious influences on thinking and behavior. The present study assessed the impact of information statements on the accessibility of alcohol outcome expectancies. Methods:, The 2 studies reported here investigated the effects of exposure to alcohol statements typical of informational approaches to prevention on the accessibility of alcohol outcome expectancies. High school and university students were presented with information statements about the effects of alcohol and other commercial products. The alcohol statements were taken from expectancy questionnaires. Some of these statements were presented as facts and others as myths. The retention of detailed information about these statements was manipulated by (i) divided attention versus focused attention or (ii) immediate versus delayed testing. Accessibility of personal alcohol outcome expectancies was subsequently measured using an open-ended question about the expected effects of alcohol. Results:, Participants reported more alcohol outcomes seen during the information task as personal expectations about the effects of alcohol use than similar unseen items. Paradoxically, myth statements were also more likely to be reported as expectancies than unseen items in all conditions. Additionally, myth statements were generated less often than fact statements only under the condition of immediate testing with strong content processing instructions. Conclusions:, These observations are consistent with findings from cognitive research where familiarity in the absence of explicit memory can have an unconscious influence on performance. In particular, the exposure to these items in an informational format increases accessibility of the seen items even when the participants were told that they were myths. The findings have implications for the development of effective prevention materials. [source] Physician professionalism for a new centuryCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 5 2006James W. Holsinger Jr. Abstract During the past 50 years, physicians have become increasingly dissatisfied with certain aspects of their profession. Dissatisfaction has intensified with the advent of managed care in the late 20th century, the medical liability crisis, and the growing divergence between the professional and personal expectations placed upon physicians and their practical ability to meet these expectations. These and other factors have encroached on physician autonomy, the formerly ascendant professional value within medicine. As the underlying values and practical realities of the broader American health care system have changed, the professional values and practices of physicians have failed to adapt correspondingly, resulting in a "professionalism gap" that contributes to physician dissatisfaction. To improve the outlook and efficacy of modern American physicians, the profession must adopt a new values framework that conforms to today's health care system. This means foregoing the 20th century's preferred "independent physician" model in favor of a new professional structure based on teamwork and collaboration. Convincing established physicians to embrace such a model will be difficult, but opportunities exist for significant progress among a new generation of physicians accustomed to the realities of managed care, flexible practice models, and health information technology. The teaching of clinical anatomy, given its incorporation of student collaboration at the earliest stages of medical education, offers a prime opportunity to introduce this generation to a reinvigorated code of professionalism that should reduce physician dissatisfaction and benefit society. Clin. Anat. 19:473,479, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||