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Personal Distress (personal + distress)
Selected AbstractsThe effect of tadalafil on psychosocial outcomes in Swedish men with erectile distress: a multicentre, non-randomised, open-label clinical studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 11 2006K. S. FUGL-MEYER Summary A multicentre, non-randomised, open-label study assessed whether personal distress caused by erectile dysfunction (ED) affected psychosocial outcomes of tadalafil treatment. Eligible Swedish men at least 18 years old reporting ,3-month history of ED were stratified into two groups (manifest or mild/no distress) based upon a distress question administered at enrolment. Tadalafil 20 mg was taken as needed for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the difference between the two distress groups in change from baseline in the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales (PAIRS) spontaneity domain. Secondary outcome measures were PAIRS sexual self-confidence and time concerns domains, Life Satisfaction (LiSat-11) checklist and a Global Assessment of Treatment Response. The study also assessed tolerability. Of 662 men enrolled, 88% had manifest distress and 12% had mild/no distress. Baseline-to-endpoint changes for PAIRS domains were not significantly different between groups. Baseline-to-endpoint changes in LiSat-11 items were not significantly different between groups except for satisfaction with sexual life. Compared with men without ED, below normal baseline satisfaction with partner relationship and family life were normalised at endpoint. Over 90% of men reported improved erection and ability to engage in sexual activity. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were headache, myalgia, dyspepsia, flushing and back pain. One man discontinued because of myalgia; 630 (95%) completed the study. In conclusion, erectile distress levels vary among patients with ED and distress can affect intra-familiar aspects of life, which may have implications for clinical practise. However, distress does not appear to hinder improvement in both mechanical and psychosocial outcomes of tadalafil treatment. [source] Impairment and distress associated with symptoms of male-typed and female-typed DSM-IV Axis-I disordersJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Andrew J. Howell Recent research has established a pattern of impairment and distress associated with the symptoms of DSM-IV Axis-II disorders such that personality disorders occurring more commonly among males are associated with more social and occupational impairment, but less personal distress, than personality disorders occurring more commonly among females. The current study examined whether a similar pattern exists for DSM-IV Axis-I disorders. Lay judges (N = 206) rated the social impairment, occupational impairment, and personal distress associated with the symptoms of six male-typed and six female-typed Axis-I disorders. Impairment and distress were associated with male-typed and female-typed Axis-I disorders in the same manner as personality disorders. Reasons for the emphasis of social and occupational impairment among male-typed disorders and distress among female-typed disorders are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [source] Engendering a Therapeutic Ethos: Modernity, Masculinity & NervousnessJOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009KATIE WRIGHT This article considers discourses of "nervousness" as an important historical dimension of the "therapeutic turn". By tracing an emerging therapeutic sensibility through Australian medical literature and the popular print media of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it provides an Antipodean perspective on the discursive and cultural terrain receptive to Freudian ideas and psychology, which were central to the ascendancy of a psychotherapeutic ethos. Through a particular focus on concerns about "nervous men", the article explores how perceived problems of "nervousness" destabilized masculine ideals and helped engender a greater concern with personal distress, factors significant for the florescence of therapeutic culture. [source] Age Changes in Prosocial Responding and Moral Reasoning in Adolescence and Early AdulthoodJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 3 2005Nancy Eisenberg Age changes' measures of prosocial responding and reasoning were examined. Participants' reports of helping, empathy-related responding, and prosocial moral reasoning were obtained in adolescence (from age 15,16 years) and into adulthood (to age 25,26 years). Perspective taking and approval/interpersonal oriented/stereotypic prosocial moral reasoning increased from adolescence into adulthood, whereas personal distress declined. Helping declined and then increased (a cubic trend). Prosocial moral judgment composite scores (and self-reflective empathic reasoning) generally increased from late adolescence into the early 20s (age 17,18 to 21,22) but either leveled off or declined slightly thereafter (i.e., showed linear and cubic trends); rudimentary needs-oriented reasoning showed the reverse pattern of change. The increase in self-reflective empathic moral reasoning was for females only. Thus, perspective taking and some aspects of prosocial moral reasoning,capacities with a strong sociocognitive basis,showed the clearest increases with age, whereas simple prosocial proclivities (i.e., helping, sympathy) did not increase with age. [source] Empathy and error processingPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Michael J. Larson Abstract Recent research suggests a relationship between empathy and error processing. Error processing is an evaluative control function that can be measured using post-error response time slowing and the error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error positivity (Pe) components of the event-related potential (ERP). Thirty healthy participants completed two measures of empathy, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ), and a modified Stroop task. Post-error slowing was associated with increased empathic personal distress on the IRI. ERN amplitude was related to overall empathy score on the EQ and the fantasy subscale of the IRI. The Pe and measures of empathy were not related. Results remained consistent when negative affect was controlled via partial correlation, with an additional relationship between ERN amplitude and empathic concern on the IRI. Findings support a connection between empathy and error processing mechanisms. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,EJACULATORY DISORDERS: Baseline Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes for Men with Acquired or Lifelong Premature Ejaculation with Mild or No Erectile Dysfunction: Integrated Analyses of Two Phase 3 Dapoxetine TrialsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2010Hartmut Porst MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Premature ejaculation (PE) is classified as an acquired or lifelong condition but data on baseline characteristics and response to treatment of men with acquired or lifelong PE and mild erectile dysfunction (ED) or normal erectile function (EF) is limited. Aim., To present integrated analyses of baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes from phase 3 dapoxetine trials in men with acquired or lifelong PE and mild or no ED. Methods., Data were analyzed from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trials (International and Asia-Pacific) that evaluated efficacy and safety of dapoxetine (30 mg or 60 mg as needed [PRN]) in patients with PE. Men were ,18 years, in a stable monogamous relationship for ,6 months, met DSM-IV-TR criteria for PE for ,6 months, had an International Index of Erectile Function EF domain score ,21, and had an intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) ,2 minutes in ,75% of intercourse episodes. Main Outcome Measures., Demographics, sexual history, and PE symptomatology at baseline, and mean IELT and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at study end (week 12), were analyzed for men with acquired or lifelong PE and mild or no ED (EF score 21,25 vs. ,26). Results., Baseline characteristics except duration of PE were similar in men with acquired and lifelong PE, with no other differentiating features by ED status. Dapoxetine treatment improved significantly mean IELT (arithmetic and geometric) and PRO responses (perceived control over ejaculation, satisfaction with sexual intercourse, ejaculation-related personal distress, and interpersonal difficulty) for acquired and lifelong subtypes, but presence of mild ED diminished PRO responsiveness in both subtypes, particularly those with lifelong PE. Conclusions., Baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes were generally similar in men with acquired and lifelong PE. The presence of mild ED appears to be associated with a more modest treatment response, irrespective of lifelong or acquired PE subtype. Porst H, McMahon CG, Althof SE, Sharlip I, Bull S, Aquilina JW, Tesfaye F, and Rivas DA. Baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes for men with acquired or lifelong premature ejaculation with mild or no erectile dysfunction: Integrated analyses of two phase 3 dapoxetine trials. J Sex Med 2010;7:2231,2242. [source] The Impairment of Sexual Function Is Less Distressing for Menopausal than for Premenopausal WomenTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010Marta Berra MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Menopause requires psychological and physical adjustments because of the occurring significant hormonal changes. Sexuality is one of the aspects that undergoes the most profound modifications. Preliminary data suggest that sometimes women do not regard sexual changes as problematic and often readjust their life and relationship according to their new physical status. Aim., The aim of our study was to evaluate sexual function and the way women feel by comparing healthy postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Methods., One hundred menopausal (M) and 100 premenopausal (pM) healthy women were asked to complete anonymous questionnaires to assess sexual function and stress related to sexual activity. Main Outcome Measures., Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) were completed by M and pM women. Results., Medium FSFI score was 20.5 ± 9.6 and 26.4 ± 7.7 (P < 0.0005) and medium FSDS score was 12.1 ± 11.7 (95% CI 9.7,14.4) and 11.3 ± 10.2 (P = 0.917) for M and pM women, respectively. Twenty-five of the 69 M women and 20 of the 31 pM women with a pathological score in the FSFI questionnaire scored higher than 15 in the FSDS (P < 0.0005). The overall prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 20% and 25% (P = 0.5) in the M and pM women. Conclusions., Our data confirm that menopause is associated with changes in sexual function that may be compatible with sexual dysfunction. However, personal distress caused by these changes in sexual life appears to be lower among menopausal women (36.2%) as compared with premenopausal women (64.5%). These data suggest that medical treatment for sexual health in menopause must be highly personalized and carefully prescribed. Berra M, De Musso F, Matteucci C, Martelli V, Perrone AM, Pelusi C, Pelusi G, and Meriggiola MC. The impairment of sexual function is less distressing for menopausal than for premenopausal women. J Sex Med 2010;7:1209,1215. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,FSD PHARMACOTHERAPY: Tibolone and Transdermal E2/NETA for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Naturally Menopausal Women: Results of a Randomized Active-Controlled TrialTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2008Esme A. Nijland MD ABSTRACT Introduction., There are some data to suggest that tibolone improves sexual function in postmenopausal women. However, evidence about the effects of tibolone on female sexual dysfunction is lacking. Aim., To compare the efficacy on sexual function of tibolone 2.5 mg to continuous combined transdermal estradiol (E2)/norethisterone acetate (NETA) (50 µg/140 µg) in naturally postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. Main Outcome Measure., Differences between treatment groups in the change from baseline for the composite subscore of the arousal, desire, and satisfaction domains of the self-reported Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Methods., A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, clinical trial was performed. Sexual function was assessed with the FSFI at baseline, week 12, and week 24. The outcomes of the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) and the frequency of satisfying sexual events (daily diaries) were secondary end points. Results., Four hundred three women, mean age 56, were included. Both therapies improved sexual function assessed by the FSFI. In the per protocol analysis, but not in the intent-to-treat analysis, the increase in FSFI scores was significantly larger in the tibolone group when compared with the E2/NETA patch group at week 24 (P = 0.036 and P = 0.025 for the composite subscore and total FSFI score, respectively). The satisfying sexual event rate increased from three to four times per 28 days at week 24 (P < 0.001 from baseline for both groups), with no difference between groups. The FSDS showed a significant decrease from baseline (P < 0.001), which was comparable for both treatment groups. Conclusions., Both treatments resulted to improved overall sexual function, as determined by scores on the FSFI, an increase in the frequency of sexual events, and a reduction in sexuality-related personal distress. The statistically significant higher FSFI scores in the tibolone group, when compared to the E2/NETA group, may be because of tibolone's combined estrogenic and androgenic properties. Nijland EA, Schultz WCMW, Nathorst-Boös J, Helmond FA, Van Lunsen RHW, Palacios S, Norman RJ, Mulder RJ, and Davis SR for the LISA study investigators. Tibolone and transdermal E2/NETA for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction in naturally menopausal women: Results of a randomized active-controlled trial. J Sex Med 2008;5:646,656. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT: Validation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised for Assessing Distress in Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire DisorderTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008Leonard DeRogatis PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., The concept of sexually related personal distress is currently central to the diagnosis of all female sexual dysfunctions (FSD). In the current study, we have focused on validating a slightly revised version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), the FSDS-Revised (FSDS-R), to enhance the sensitivity of the instrument with patients suffering from hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). In addition, we have attempted to extend the validation generalizability of the scale by demonstrating that both instruments possess reliability and discriminative validity in premenopausal women with HSDD. Aim., To assess the validity of the revised version of the FSDS, the FSDS-R, for measuring sexual distress in women with HSDD. Methods., A prospective methodological study carried out at 27 centers in North America enrolled 296 women aged 18,50 years with HSDD, another female sexual dysfunction (FSD), or no FSD. The subjects completed the FSDS-R at baseline, day 7, and day 28, with a 30-day recall at baseline and with a 7-day recall on days 7 and 28. Main Outcome Measures., Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses of FSDS, FSDS-R, and FSDS-R item 13 were used for the differentiation of HSDD from no FSD, while intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to estimate test,retest reliability. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the FSDS-R and Pearson's correlation coefficient to assess FSDS, FSDS-R, and FSDS-R item 13 with different recall periods (7 and 30 days). Results., Mean total FSDS, FSDS-R, and FSDS-R item 13 scores with either recall period were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in women with FSD or HSDD than in women with no FSD, showing both tests had discriminant validity. ROC analysis confirmed these findings, while an ICC of >0.74 showed the test,retest reliability of both scales, including FSDS-R item 13 alone, and Cronbach's coefficient alpha of >0.86 confirmed the internal consistency of both tests. Conclusions., Consistent with the FSDS, the FSDS-R demonstrated good discriminant validity, high test,retest reliability, and a high degree of internal consistency in measuring sexually related personal distress in women with HSDD. FSDS-R item 13 alone also demonstrated good discriminant validity and test,retest reliability. DeRogatis L, Clayton A, Lewis-D'Agostino D, Wunderlich G, and Fu Y. Validation of the female sexual distress scale revised for assessing distress in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Sex Med 2008;5:357,364. [source] A survey of the frequency and impact of Behaviours of Concern in dementia on residential aged care staffAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 2 2007Katrina Cubit Objectives:,To investigate staff perceptions of the frequency of Behaviours of Concern (BoC) exhibited by residents with dementia; to rank order the BoC causing most disruption to the everyday running of facilities, and the most personal distress to staff. Methods:,A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2005, across staff in 15 residential aged care facilities in Tasmania, using a self-administered questionnaire. Results:,Over 80% of staff reported residents' repetitive actions, wandering and verbal disruption as occurring more than once a day BoC. The three highest ranked BoC reported as being the most disruptive to the running of the unit were verbal disruption, wandering and repetitive actions. Residents' physical aggression, verbal disruptions and wandering were ranked 1, 2 and 3, respectively, as causing staff the most personal distress. Conclusions:,Although occurring infrequently physical aggression is the BoC perceived by staff to cause them the greatest amount of personal distress. [source] Childhood Fears and Phobias: Assessment and TreatmentCHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2005Neville J. King The specific phobias in children, such as night-time fears and animal phobias, should not be underestimated since they cause personal distress to the child and also much interference with daily activities. Intervention plans should be informed by multi-method assessment, using tools that are empirically sound and developmentally sensitive. We selectively review a number of assessment tools, including structured diagnostic interview schedules, standardised instruments such as anxiety or fear self-report questionnaires, and behavioural tasks. We provide an overview of the main intervention approaches, from a behavioural perspective, including traditional behavioural intervention procedures such systematic desensitisation and its variants, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and behavioural family therapy. We also present recent developments in psychodynamic treatment for phobic and anxious children. Medications are also discussed because of their possible use with psychosocial interventions. Finally, we present our conclusions on the empirical standing of the various treatment approaches and also examine the important issue of treatment outcome prediction. [source] | |||||||||||||