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Selected Abstracts10-year prevalence of contact allergy in the general population in Denmark estimated through the CE-DUR methodCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2007Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen The prevalence of contact allergy in the general population has traditionally been investigated through population-based epidemiological studies. A different approach is the combination of clinical epidemiological (CE) data and the World Health Organization-defined drug utilization research (DUR) method. The CE-DUR method was applied in Denmark to estimate the prevalence of contact allergy in the general population and compare it with the prevalence estimates from the Glostrup allergy studies. Contact allergy prevalence estimates ranging from very liberal (,worst case') to conservative (,best case') assumptions were based on patch test reading data in combination with an estimate of the number of persons eligible for patch testing each year based on sales data of the ,standard series'. The estimated 10-year prevalence of contact allergy ranged between 7.3% and 12.9% for adult Danes older than 18 years. The 10-year prevalence of contact allergy measured by CE-DUR was slightly lower than previous prevalence estimates from the Glostrup allergy studies. This could probably be explained by a decrease in nickel allergy. The CE-DUR approach holds the potential of being an efficient and easy monitoring method of contact allergy prevalence. [source] Vision-Enhancing Interventions in Nursing Home Residents and Their Short-Term Effect on Physical and Cognitive FunctionJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 2 2009Amanda F. Elliott PhD OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of vision-enhancing interventions (cataract surgery or refractive error correction) on physical function and cognitive status in nursing home residents. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Seventeen nursing homes in Birmingham, Alabama. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 187 English-speaking adults aged 55 and older. INTERVENTION: Participants took part in one of two vision-enhancing interventions: cataract surgery or refractive error correction. Each group was compared against a control group (persons eligible for but who declined cataract surgery or who received delayed correction of refractive error). MEASUREMENTS: Physical function (ability to perform activities of daily living and mobility) was assessed using a series of self-report and certified nursing assistant ratings at baseline and at 2 months for the refractive error correction group and at 4 months for the cataract surgery group. The Mini Mental State Examination was also administered. RESULTS: No significant differences existed within or between groups from baseline to follow-up on any of the measures of physical function. Mental status scores significantly declined from baseline to follow-up for the immediate (P=.05) and delayed (P<.02) refractive error correction groups and for the cataract surgery control group (P=.05). CONCLUSION: Vision-enhancing interventions did not lead to short-term improvements in physical functioning or cognitive status in this sample of elderly nursing home residents. [source] The Drake Health Registry Study: Findings from fifteen years of continuous bladder cancer screeningAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2003Gary M. Marsh PhD Abstract Background The Drake Health Registry Study (DHRS) is an ongoing bladder cancer screening program initiated in 1986 due to workers' probable past exposure to the bladder carcinogen, beta-naphthylamine (BNA). Methods At periodic screening visits, a health survey is administered and three screening tests are applied to a urine sample, urinalysis (UA), papanicolaou (PAP), and quantitative fluorescence image analysis (QFIA). Positive screens are eligible for a free bladder cystoscopy with random biopsies. Results Forty of 51 persons eligible for diagnostic evaluation underwent cystoscopy. One person was diagnosed with carcinoma in situ, two with transitional cell papilloma, 14 with dysplasia, two of which developed transitional cell carcinoma; 26 had bladder abnormalities such as chronic inflammation, chronic cystitis, atypical changes, atypia, hyperplasia, or papillary clusters. Conclusions The DHRS continues to identify early stage bladder cancer and other abnormalities among workers exposed to BNA before 1981 and generates useful clinical, psycho-social, and epidemiologic data. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43: 142,148, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Evaluation of gender differences in caregiver burden in home care: Nagoya Longitudinal Study of the Frail Elderly (NLS-FE)PSYCHOGERIATRICS, Issue 3 2006Yoshihisa HIRAKAWA Abstract Background:, Japan is presently experiencing a growth in the number of male caregivers and this situation has given rise to some concerns over gender differences. Previous studies have suggested that there are gender differences in caregiver burden in home care, however, it is still unclear whether or not gender differences exist. We therefore conducted this study to attain a better understanding of the Japanese male caregiver burden in home care, using data from the Nagoya Longitudinal Study of Frail Elderly (NLS-FE). Methods:, NLS-FE is a large prospective study of community-dwelling elderly persons eligible for public long-term care insurance who live in Nagoya city and use the services of the Nagoya City Health Care Service Foundation for Older People, which comprises 17 visiting nursing stations and corresponding care-managing centers, from November to December 2003. Data used in this study included the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, caregivers' and dependents' characteristics, and the caregiving situation. The differences in dependent and caregiver characteristics between male and female caregiver groups were assessed using the ,2 -test for categorical variables or the unpaired t -test for continuous variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between dependent and caregiver characteristics and caregiver burden. Results:, A total of 399 male caregivers and 1193 female caregivers were included in our analysis. Before and after controlling baseline variables, we did not detect a difference between male and female caregivers with respect to caregiver burden. Conclusion:, Our study suggests that differences in caregiver burden may not necessarily exist between male and female caregivers in Japan. [source] | ||||||||||