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Perseverative Errors (perseverative + error)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Psychology	37%
Life Sciences	37%

Selected Abstracts

Association between genetic variants of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) and cognitive set shifting in healthy individuals

GENES, BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR, Issue 5 2010
B. T. Baune
Set-shifting and maintenance are complex cognitive processes, which are often impaired in schizophrenia. The genetic basis of these processes is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) and cognitive set-shifting in healthy individuals. The relationship between 14 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GRM3 gene and cognitive set-shifting as measured by perseverative errors using the modified card sorting test (MCST) was analysed in a sample of N = 98 young healthy individuals (mean age in years: 22.7 ± 0.19). Results show that SNP rs17676277 is related to the performance on the MCST. Subjects with the TT genotype showed significantly less perseverative errors as compared with the AA (P = 0.025) and AT (P = 0.0005) and combined AA/AT genotypes (P = 0.0005). Haplotype analyses suggest the involvement of various SNPs of the GRM3 gene in perseverative error processing in a dominant model of inheritance. The findings strongly suggest that the genetic variation (rs17676277 and three haplotypes) in the metabotropic GRM3 is related to cognitive set-shifting in healthy individuals independent of working memory. However, because of a relatively small sample size for a genetic association study, the present results are tentative and require replication. [source]

Switching between spatial stimulus,response mappings: a developmental study of cognitive flexibility

DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2004
Eveline A. Crone
Four different age groups (8,9-year-olds, 11,12-year-olds, 13,15-year-olds and young adults) performed a spatial rule-switch task in which the sorting rule had to be detected on the basis of feedback or on the basis of switch cues. Performance errors were examined on the basis of a recently introduced method of error scoring for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST; Barcelo & Knight, 2002). This method allowed us to differentiate between errors due to failure-to-maintain-set (distraction errors) and errors due to failure-to-switch-set (perseverative errors). The anticipated age differences in performance errors were most pronounced for perseverative errors between 8,9 years and 11,12 years, but for distraction errors adult levels were not reached until 13,15 years. These findings were interpreted to support the notion that set switching and set maintenance follow distinct developmental trajectories. [source]

Association between genetic variants of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) and cognitive set shifting in healthy individuals

,Prefrontal' cognitive performance of healthy subjects positively correlates with cerebral FDOPA influx: An exploratory [18F]-fluoro-L-DOPA-PET investigation

HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 10 2007
Ingo Vernaleken
Abstract Dopamine neurotransmission influences those cognitive processes, which are generally regarded as prefrontal cortical functions. In previous positron-emission-tomography (PET) studies, net blood-brain clearance of [18F]-fluoro-l-DOPA (FDOPA) correlated with impaired cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson's disease or schizophrenia. We hypothesized that FDOPA influx also correlates with performance of cognitive tasks associated with prefrontal functioning in healthy volunteers. The net blood-brain clearance of FDOPA (K) was mapped in a group of 11 healthy volunteers and calculated in striatal volumes-of-interest. The Wisconsin-Card-Sorting-Test (WCST), Stroop-Test, Trail-Making-Test (TMT-A/B), and Continuous-Performance-Test (CPT-M) had been administered previously to the same subjects. No correlation of K with perseverative errors in WCST or age could be found. However, there were significant positive correlations between the magnitude of K in caudate nucleus, putamen, and midbrain with performance of the TMT-B, CPT-M, and the Stroop test. Highest correlations were found between the time needed to perform the Stroop interference task and the K of striatal areas (Caudate nucleus: ,0.780, P = 0.005; putamen: ,0.870, P < 0. 001). Thus, the present findings reveal a strong correlation between dopamine synthesis capacity in striatum of healthy volunteers and performance of cognitive tasks linked to the prefrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Young children's difficulty with inhibitory control in a social context,

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008
YUSUKE MORIGUCHI
Abstract:, The authors' prior research has documented that young children's behaviors in the Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) task can be influenced by their observation of another person performing the task and has suggested that young children committed perseverative errors in a social context. The present study explored whether children who committed perseverative errors in the social context also committed perseverative errors in the standard DCCS task. Three- and 4-year-old children were given the standard DCCS and the observation version of the DCCS, and the relationship between them was examined. The results showed that the correlation between these two tasks was significant. Furthermore, 4-year-old children displayed more difficulty in the observation version than in the standard DCCS, whereas 3-year-olds did not. The results are discussed in terms of the development of inhibitory control and social cognition. [source]

Prefrontal cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar illness in relation to Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene

PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 1 2006
JANUSZ K. RYBAKOWSKI md
Abstract, The measures of prefrontal cognition have been used as endophenotype in molecular-genetic studies. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in cognitive functions and in the pathogenesis of major psychoses. This study investigates the relationship between Val66Met polymorphisms of the BDNF gene and prefrontal cognitive function in 129 patients with schizophrenia and 111 patients with bipolar mood disorder. Cognitive tests included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), with such domains as number of perseverative errors, non-perseverative errors, completed corrected categories, conceptual level responses, and set to the first category, and the N-back test, where mean reaction time and percent of correct reactions were measured. Genotyping for Val66Met BDNF polymorphism was done by polymerase chain reaction method. In schizophrenia, no relationship between Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene and the results of the WCST was observed. Patients with Val/Val genotype had a higher percentage of correct reactions in the N-back test than those with the remaining genotypes. Bipolar patients with Val/Val genotype obtained significantly better results on three of five domains of the WCST. No relationship between BDNF polymorphism and the results of the N-back test was found in this group. A limitation to the results could be variable psychopathological state and medication during cognitive testing and lack of Hardy,Weinberg equilibrium in schizophrenia group. Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene may be associated with cognitive performance on the WCST in bipolar mood disorder but not in schizophrenia. An association of this polymorphism with performance on the N-back test in schizophrenia and not in bipolar illness may suggest that in schizophrenia, the BDNF system may be connected with early phases of information processing. [source]

The relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in negative schizophrenia

PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 1 2002
Zhening Liu MD
Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and problem-solving thinking in negative schizophrenia. Twenty-one negative schizophrenic patients and 12 normal controls were studied with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were taken both at rest and during a prefrontal activation task using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Compared with controls, poor performances on the WCST of total trials category (TT), perseverative errors (PE) and non-perseverative errors (NE) were found in negative schizophrenic (P < 0.05). During WCST activation, patients showed interhemispheric differences in the prefrontal region, but under rest conditions, no such differences manifested. The negative schizophrenia group had a significantly lower rCBF change rate in profrontal lobe during stimulant WCST than those in normal controls (P < 0.05). The negative schizophrenic patient has executive function deficits and lower rCBF perfusion in left profrontal lobes, which suggest that the negative schizophrenic patient has dysfunction of the left profrontal region. [source]

Cognitive flexibility in preschoolers: the role of representation activation and maintenance

DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008
Nicolas Chevalier
Preschoolers' lack of cognitive flexibility has often been attributed to perseverative processing. This study investigates alternative potential sources of difficulty such as deficits in activating previously ignored information and in maintaining currently relevant information. In Experiment 1, a new task tapping attentional switching was designed to isolate the difficulty of overriding an initial representation, that is, perseverative processing (,Perseveration' version), and the difficulty of activating a previously ignored representation, that is, activation deficit (,Activation-deficit' version). Three-year-olds' performance suggested that inflexibility may primarily stem from an activation deficit. Control experiments confirmed that the difficulty of the ,Activation-deficit' version could not be attributed to the effect of attraction to novelty. In Experiment 2, ,distraction' errors, alleged to reflect a failure to maintain a relevant representation, and ,perseverative' errors were distinguished. The results highlighted the important role of representation maintenance in flexibility. The present study indicates that preschoolers' lack of cognitive flexibility is multi-determined and prompts us to reconsider the role of perseveration. [source]