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Article Reviews Research (article + review_research)
Selected AbstractsHow our worldviews shape our practiceCONFLICT RESOLUTION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2009Rachel M. Goldberg This article reviews research on the effect of a conflict resolution practitioner's worldview on practice. The results revealed patterns connecting worldview frames with differing uses of power. Forty-three environmental and intercultural practitioners were interviewed, and narrative and metaphor analysis was used to reveal key worldview orientations in their practice stories. The results are correlated in continuums and "profiles" of the worldview orientation. The findings strengthen previous work questioning the effects of the traditional neutrality stance, deepen fieldwide arguments for the embedded nature of worldview and culture, and describe new methods that reveal some of the dynamics between worldview and practice. [source] Inhibitory deficits in tourette's syndromeDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Emily R. Stern Abstract A developmental approach to the study of psychopathology can broaden understanding of a wide variety of complex psychological disorders. This article reviews research on Tourette's syndrome (TS), a developmental disorder characterized by unwanted motor and vocal tics. Over the past decade, knowledge of the neurobiology and pathophysiology of TS has progressed rapidly. The application of brain imaging techniques, primarily magnetic resonance imaging, to the study of Tourette's has increased knowledge of structural and functional deficits in brain areas associated with behavioral and psychological disturbances in the disorder. By reviewing some of this work, we will describe one way in which knowledge of brain function in TS has both informed and been informed by a developmental science approach. In particular, we will consider the extent to which the cognitive and emotional development of persons with TS may be affected by specific neurobiological characteristics of the disorder. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 9,18, 2008. [source] What Should Historians Do With Heroes?HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2007Reflections on Nineteenth-, Twentieth-Century Britain This article reviews research on modern British heroes (in particular Henry Havelock, Florence Nightingale, Amy Johnson and Robert Falcon Scott) to argue that heroes should be analysed as sites within which we can find evidence of the cultural beliefs, social practices, political structures and economic systems of the past. Much early work interpreted modern heroes as instruments of nationalist and imperialist ideologies, but instrumental interpretations have been superseded within the New Cultural History by broader analyses of the range of gendered meanings encoded in heroic reputations. Studies of heroic icons have generated important insights for historians of masculinity and femininity. More research, however, is needed on the reception rather than the representation of heroic icons, on visual and material sources, and on the changing forms and functions of national heroes after 1945. [source] Attracting and selecting: What psychological research tells usHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2004Ann Marie Ryan HR practitioners often have misperceptions regarding research findings in the area of employee selection. This article reviews research on what selection tools work, what recruitment strategies work, how selection-tool use relates to workforce diversity, and what staffing and recruiting processes lead to positive applicant perceptions. Knowledge and implementation gaps in these areas are discussed, and key research findings are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The Private Market for Long-Term Care Insurance in the United States: A Review of the EvidenceJOURNAL OF RISK AND INSURANCE, Issue 1 2009Jeffrey R. Brown This article reviews the growing literature on the market for private long-term care insurance, a market notable for its small size despite the fact that long-term care expenses are potentially large and highly uncertain. After summarizing long-term care utilization and insurance coverage in the United States, the article reviews research on the supply of and the demand for private long-term care insurance. It concludes that demand-side factors impose important limits on the size of the private market and that we currently have a limited understanding of how public policies could be designed to encourage the growth of this market. [source] Conflict and Cooperation in Diverse WorkgroupsJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 2 2009Eden B. King This article reviews research examining the influence of diversity on conflict and cooperation within the context of the workplace. In particular, we describe how heterogeneity in surface characteristics, such as race and gender, as well as deeper characteristics, such as affect, experience, and knowledge, relate to key workgroup processes and outcomes. Of particular interest is the disparate strength and directionality of the effects reported in the literature. In an effort to provide clarity to the confusion, we emphasize the roles of group longevity and the type of diversity being examined. In addition, we recommend greater specificity with respect to the particular group processes and outcomes being examined. [source] Assessing effectiveness and efficiency of academic interventions in school psychology journals: 1995,2005PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 2 2010Ron Bramlett This article reviews research in the four major school psychology journals: Journal of School Psychology, Psychology in the Schools, School Psychology Quarterly, and School Psychology Review. The function of the review was to provide school psychologists with a summary of academic interventions published through years 1995,2005, synthesize the commonalities of empirically based interventions, and report on the extent to which each article provides the reader the opportunity to understand the effects of the intervention with regard to the amount of instructional time required to implement it. Results of the review suggest that reading is most heavily investigated followed by math and, to a much lesser degree, written expression. Moreover, studies use a variety of designs including single subject and group designs. Finally, it is clear that a limited number of studies evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention with regard to the amount of instructional time needed to implement the intervention. In light of these findings and in addition to the two major functions of the review, recommendations for practice and future research are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The Fading affect bias: But what the hell is it for?APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2009W. Richard Walker This article reviews research examining the fading affect bias (FAB): The finding that the intensity of affect associated with negative autobiographical memories fades faster than affect associated with positive autobiographical memories. The FAB is a robust effect in autobiographical memory that has been replicated using a variety of methods and populations. The FAB is linked to both cognitive and social processes that support a positive view of the self. Accordingly, we speculate that one function of the FAB may be to induce individuals to be positive and action-oriented so that they may better face and master life challenges. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Emotion Dysregulation as a Risk Factor for Child PsychopathologyCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 4 2000Kate Keenan This article reviews research on the construct of emotion regulation in young children. The lack of consensus with regard to a definition of emotion regulation notwithstanding, it appears that biological and behavioral processes involved in emotion regulation can be reliably measured early in life. Such indices of reactivity may be useful in identifying children at risk for developmental psychopathology, but the predictive utility of these indices has yet to be established. Measurement issues and factors hypothesized to affect an infant's risk for dysregulation, such as care-giving factors, are presented. The implications of continued programmatic research on emotion dysregulation early in life are discussed. [source] HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors of Men and Women Living With HIV-AIDS: Prevalence, Predictors, and Emerging Clinical InterventionsCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2000Seth C. Kalichman This article reviews research on continued risk practices among individuals who know they are HIV infected. Across populations, one in three persons with HIV-AIDS continue practicing HIV transmission risk behaviors. Continued high-risk behaviors in persons with HIV are related to relationship factors, economic conditions, emotional states, substance abuse, and personality dispositions. High-risk behaviors are more likely with another infected person, but alarming rates of risk behaviors are observed with HIV-negative partners and partners of unknown HIV status. Risk practices are also affected by disclosure of HIV status and by perceptions of how anti-HIV medications may affect infectivity. New clinical models of intervention are needed to blend HIV prevention strategies with HIV-AIDS care services. [source] | ||||||||||||||||