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Performance Increases (performance + increase)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	42%

Selected Abstracts

Participation in the design of performance management systems: a quasi-experimental field study

JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 7 2004
Ad Kleingeld
In the literature on the relationship between participation in decision making and performance, a tell-and-sell strategy is considered a viable alternative to participation. In contrast, we argue that in organizational settings, when a sensitive and important issue is at stake, participation of a form to be characterized as formal, long term, direct, and with a high degree of participant influence is more effective than a tell-and-sell strategy. Using a quasi-experimental design with a participation, a tell-and-sell, and a control condition, a ProMES performance management system was implemented in the field service department of a Dutch supplier of photocopiers. Outcome feedback to individual technicians resulted in an average performance increase in the participation condition that was significantly higher than the increase found in the tell-and-sell condition. Satisfaction with the program, and the perceived usefulness of the feedback, were significantly higher in the participation condition. In both experimental conditions, the performance increase was significant compared to the control condition. An explanation for these findings is discussed, as are implications for theory and practice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Improving the properties of aluminium alloys by retrogression and reageing

MATERIALWISSENSCHAFT UND WERKSTOFFTECHNIK, Issue 4 2003
J. S. RobinsonArticle first published online: 11 APR 200
Abstract Retrogression and reageing heat treatments offer the potential of improved tensile properties in combination with greatly increased resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The potential of this technique is reviewed with respect to the current application in the European and North American Aerospace Industry. To illustrate the performance increase associated with RRA treatments, the stress corrosion cracking performance of the established aerospace plate and forging alloy 7010 has been evaluated using an alternate immersion constant load tensile type test (ECSS-Q-70-37A) Specimens were cut from a large aerospace rectilinear forging and tested in three different tempers, T652, T7452 and a retrogressed and reaged condition (RRA). In the T652 condition the material has been shown to be highly susceptible to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. In the T7452 and RRA conditions 7010 showed much improved resistance to SCC but pitting corrosion resulted in failure of some specimens within the 30day requirement of the test standard. [source]

Seven-year-olds allocate attention like adults unless working memory is overloaded

DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010
Nelson Cowan
Previous studies have indicated that visual working memory performance increases with age in childhood, but it is not clear why. One main hypothesis has been that younger children are less efficient in their attention; specifically, they are less able to exclude irrelevant items from working memory to make room for relevant items. We examined this hypothesis by measuring visual working memory capacity under a continuum of five attention conditions. A recognition advantage was found for items to be attended as opposed to ignored. The size of this attention-related effect was adult-like in young children with small arrays, suggesting that their attention processes are efficient even though their working memory capacity is smaller than that of older children and adults. With a larger working memory load, this efficiency in young children was compromised. The efficiency of attention cannot be the sole explanation for the capacity difference. [source]

Revisiting the Lemons Market

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2001
Anke S. Kessler
This article extends the standard competitive adverse selection model by allowing for qualitatively different information structures of agents on the informed side of the market. Using the stylized framework of the market for used cars, we examine the welfare properties of equilibria under the assumption that a fraction of the sellers remains uninformed about a parameter that is relevant for their own transaction. Whether market performance increases or decreases in the number of uninformed sellers is shown to depend on (1) the potential gains from trade in the market and (2) the average quality of the sellers' information structure. [source]

Experimental study of the use of additives in the performance of a single-stage heat transformer operating with water,lithium bromide

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 2 2005
W. Rivera
Abstract In the present paper, the additives 1-octanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, have been used for the first time in a 2 kW single-stage heat transformer installed in the Energy Research Centre of the National University of Mexico utilizing H2O/LiBr, operating at absorber temperatures in a range between 70 and 110°C. The results showed that at the same conditions, absorber temperatures increased about 5°C by adding 400 ppm of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol to the lithium bromide mixture. Also it was shown that the coefficient of performance increases up to 40% with the same additive. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Chinese Immigrants in Canada: Their Changing Composition and Economic Performance1

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 3 2005
Shuguang Wang
ABSTRACT Using landing records and tax data, this paper examines both the changing composition of the Chinese immigrants in Canada in the past two decades and their levels of economic performance. Our research found that, in addition to a shift in origin, economic immigrants have been on the rise and other classes of immigrants have declined. This has been accompanied by a significant increase in their educational qualifications and proficiency in a Canadian official language. Yet, despite their increased human capital, Chinese immigrants still experience very different economic outcomes in the Canadian labour market compared to members of the general population of Canada. For one thing, they have much lower employment and self-employment income than the general population. Moreover, these earning differentials hold true for all age groups, both genders, and Chinese immigrants from all origins. While their levels of economic performance increases with length of residency in Canada, this study suggests that it would take more than 20 years for Chinese immigrants to close the earning gaps with the general population. Evidence also suggests that Canadian-specific educational credentials are indeed worth more than those acquired in the immigrants' country of origin, and are much better remunerated by Canadian employers. IMMIGRÉS CHINOIS AU CANADA: ÉVOLUTION DE LEURS COMMUNAUTÉS ET DE LEUR RÉUSSITE ÉCONOMIQUE En s'appuyant sur les relevés d'embarquement et les données des services fiscaux, les auteurs examinent à la fois l'évolution de la composition des com-munautés chinoises immigrées au Canada au cours des deux dernières décennies et le niveau de leur réussite économique. Ils constatent que, outre un glissement au niveau des régions d'origine, les immigrés économiques sont de plus en plus nombreux, tandis que d'autres catégories d'immigrés sont en recul. Cette évolution s'accompagne d'un relèvement significatif du niveau d'instruction et de la connaissance des langues officielles du Canada. Cependant, malgré l'accroissement de leur capital humain, les immigrés chinois connaissent tou-jours des fortunes très différentes sur le marché du travail canadien, si on les compare avec la population canadienne en général. D'une part, leurs revenus en qualité de salariés ou d'indépendants sont nettement inférieurs à ceux de la population générale. D'autre part, les écarts de revenus se vérifient pour toutes les tranches d'âge et pour les deux sexes, et la région d'origine ne change rien à la donne. Alors que le niveau de réussite économique s'améliore au fil des ans, cette étude montre qu'il faudrait plus de 20 ans aux immigrés chinois pour se hisser au niveau de revenu de la population générale. Elle démontre également que les diplômes acquis au Canada sont nettement plus valorisés que ceux acquis dans le pays d'origine des migrants et que leurs titulaires sont nettement mieux rémunérés par les employeurs canadiens. INMIGRANTES CHINOS EN EL CANADÁ: CAMBIOS EN SU COMPOSICIÓN Y RENDIMIENTO ECONÓMICO Gracias a los registros de entrada en el país y de pago de impuestos a la renta, en este documento se examina la variación de las últimas dos décadas en la composición de los inmigrantes chinos en el Canadá y en su rendimiento económico. En este estudio se determina que, además de provenir ahora de distintos lugares de origen, los inmigrantes económicos no dejan de aumentar mientras que las demás categorías de inmigrantes disminuyen. Ello se acompaña de un considerable incremento en sus calificaciones educativas y del conocimiento de uno de los idiomas oficiales del Canadá. Sin embargo, a pesar del creciente capital humano, los inmigrantes chinos siguen experimentando, en general, resultados económicos sumamente diferentes en el mercado laboral canadiense en comparación al resto de la población del Canadá. Por una parte, tienen tasas de ingresos muy inferiores en empleo y autoempleo que el resto de la población. Por otra, la diferencia de ingresos es válida para todos los grupos de edad, para ambos géneros, y para los inmigrantes chinos de cualquier parte. Si bien el nivel de rendimiento económico aumenta con la duración de la residencia en el Canadá, este estudio apunta a que los inmigrantes chinos tardarían más de 20 años en colmar las brechas salariales con el resto de la población. También se demuestra que las credenciales educativas específicas canadienses valen mucho más que aquéllas adquiridas por los inmigrantes en su país de origen y, por ende, son mejor remuneradas por los empleadores canadienses. [source]