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Performance Improvement (performance + improvement)
Kinds of Performance Improvement Terms modified by Performance Improvement Selected AbstractsLearning How and Learning What: Effects of Tacit and Codified Knowledge on Performance Improvement Following Technology AdoptionDECISION SCIENCES, Issue 2 2003Amy C. Edmondson ABSTRACT This paper examines effects of tacit and codified knowledge on performance improvement as organizations gain experience with a new technology. We draw from knowledge management and learning curve research to predict improvement rate heterogeneity across organizations. We first note that the same technology can present opportunities for improvement along more than one dimension, such as efficiency and breadth of use. We compare improvement for two dimensions: one in which the acquisition of codified knowledge leads to improvement and another in which improvement requires tacit knowledge. We hypothesize that improvement rates across organizations will be more heterogeneous for dimensions of performance that rely on tacit knowledge than for those that rely on codified knowledge (H1), and that group membership stability predicts improvement rates for dimensions relying on tacit knowledge (H2). We further hypothesize that when performance relies on codified knowledge, later adopters should improve more quickly than earlier adopters (H3). All three hypotheses are supported in a study of 15 hospitals learning to use a new surgical technology. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [source] Tearing Down the Walls: Environmental Performance Improvement in a Maquiladora FacilityENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2001Walter Platkus A pilot project in Tijuana brings together government, industry, and the community to identify and solve environmental problems. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Door-to-Balloon Time: Performance Improvement in the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Myocardial InfarctionJOURNAL FOR HEALTHCARE QUALITY, Issue 4 2010J. Mark Peterman Abstract: The treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction with primary percutaneous coronary intervention is a time-sensitive process, with outcomes correlated with the speed with which the healthcare team can make the diagnosis, start preliminary treatment, and successfully perform the intervention. This requires multidisciplinary teamwork involving Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Medicine and Nursing, the cardiac catheterization laboratory team, and interventional cardiology. The success of effectively delivering treatment is enhanced through focused analysis of key steps within the care process to identify systems problems and implement quality improvement initiatives. This article reviews the process whereby our institution achieved top decile performance in this multidisciplinary treatment. [source] Using Soft Systems Methodology for Performance Improvement and Organisational Change in the English National Health ServiceJOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2004Brian Jacobs The Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) advocated by Checkland and Scholes (1990) has considerable potential. It can provide policy makers, professionals, and managers in complex health organisations with a valuable addition to management approaches leading to practical improvements through innovative organisational change. With reference to the English National Health Service (NHS), this author argues that SSM can enable managers and others to address problem situations holistically, identify critical issues, and reach an accommodation of different viewpoints as a basis for improvement. The SSM approach can usefully compliment strategic frameworks, such as the Balanced Scorecard, in achieving clarity of thinking about performance and change issues'. [source] Know your client's businessPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT, Issue 10 2009Geary Rummler CPT A fundamental requirement of effective performance consulting is that the performance consultant know his or her client's business. Easier said than done? Not necessarily. With a good framework and the right tools, you can efficiently and effectively "profile" a client's organization. This article is reprinted from Performance Improvement 43(3), pages 21,27 [10.1002/pfi.4140430306]. [source] Retracted: Static analytical models: Applications within a military domainPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT, Issue 3 2008J. Brett Hollowell The following article from Performance Improvement entitled "Static Analytical Models: Applications Within a Military Domain," by J. Brett Hollowell and Vanessa R. Mazurek, published in March 2008, Volume 28, Issue 3, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Editor, Holly Burkett, the Publications Manager, John Chen, the President, Armed Forces Chapter, Roger Chevalier, and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The International Society for Performance Improvement and the Editorial Board of Performance Improvement have concluded that the article did not contain certain necessary references and citations to document N74 (Models and Simulations) created by the Human Performance Center Orlando. A number of unaccredited models, figures, text excerpts and lists appear identically in both document N74 and the above article. Although the Editorial Board felt a retraction was necessary, it wishes to note its belief that the authors had the best of intentions in contributing the article with the purpose of broadening our readers's knowledge of the field, and that neither Mr. Hollowell nor Ms. Mazurek have been accused of any misconduct with respect to the contents of the article. John Chen, Publications Manager Holly Burkett, Editor Roger Chevalier, President, Armed Forces Chapter [source] Letters to the editorPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT, Issue 5 2007Article first published online: 3 MAY 200 Editor's note: The editor welcomes letters from all readers wishing to comment on articles in this issue of Performance Improvement. Early responses have the best chance of being published. Please be concise and include your title and organizational affiliation. Performance Improvement reserves the right to select, solicit, and edit letters. Send letters to pijeditor@ispi.org. [source] Primary sources of cognate research in human performance technologyPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2008Liz V. Johnsen This article is third in a series written to address questions regarding the need for more empirical research in the field of human performance technology (HPT) and the need to determine the future direction of HPT research. The call for more empirical research has been published in journals such as Performance Improvement Quarterly and Performance Improvement (formerly Performance and Instruction) for nearly 20 years. [source] Empirical Research on Performance ImprovementPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2006Anthony Marker In 2002, James Klein published a study based on a content analysis of research articles in PIQ from 1997 through 2000. That study was aimed at determining how much empirical research was being reported in HPT and what the focus of that research was. Klein found that only about one third of the articles published in PIQ represented empirical research. The current study replicates Klein's research for the years of 2001 through 2005. Results indicate that there has been a significant increase in empirical research published in PIQ in the last five years with empirical research now accounting for more than one half of all PIQ articles. Further clarification of the levels of evaluation for non-instructional interventions and the refinement of research questions in the field are suggested as ongoing needs. An analysis detailing the comparison of the two studies is provided. [source] Interventions (Solutions) Usage and Expertise in Performance Technology Practice: An Empirical InvestigationPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2004Darlene M. Van Tiem ABSTRACT Performance technology (PT) is complex, drawing theory from instructional design, organizational development, communications, industrial psychology, and industrial engineering to name a few. The Standards of Performance Technology developed for the certified performance technology designation codified the processes used in the practice of performance improvement. The Human Performance Technology (HPT) Model of the International Society for Performance Improvement illustrates the Standards for the Performance Technology process, including the selection, design, and implementation of appropriate performance interventions. Research exists on specific PT interventions, such as problem solving, feedback, or job analysis. This foundational study considers intervention usage within organizations and the expertise of performance technologists. Findings indicate that years of experience in the field or related field is positively correlated to expertise. Some alignment was found between higher ranked PT expertise and higher ranked intervention usage within those organizations. [source] Object-Oriented Performance ImprovementPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2002Ian Douglas ABSTRACT In this paper, a framework to support an object-oriented approach to performance analysis is described. The framework includes the use of collaboration, automation, visual modeling, and reusable repositories of analysis knowledge. The need for a new framework is related to the increasing concern with the cost effectiveness of student and employee development. Efforts to improve the return-on-investment in such development have been hindered by a craft orientation to the design and construction of learning and performance support materials. One solution to this problem has been to enhance the reuse of such materials. Rather than build every new system from scratch in a craft-oriented manner, it is envisioned that systems will be constructed largely of standardized, reusable objects shared through Web-based repositories. Currently, the main focus is on the technological framework necessary for an object-based approach to learning system development. There appears to be little consideration of the changes in analysis and design thinking required for the move towards object-based systems. Such systems should still be required to be directly linked to performance problems and opportunities at both the organizational and individual system levels. [source] Strategic Human Resource Practices: Introducing Alternatives for Organizational Performance Improvement in the Public SectorPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2010Jungin Kim Can public sector organizations increase productivity through competition in spite of inherent limitations, such as budget constraints? This study addresses that question by examining the impact of four factors that contribute to employees' expectations regarding competitive work environments on organizational performance in terms of overall quality of work and client satisfaction. The four factors measured include rewards for merit such as salary and benefits, opportunities, organizational rules, and the capacity to deal with risks as perceived by employees. Using data on public and nonprofit sector employees, expectations for merit rewards were positively related to employees' perception of organizational performance when the conditions of performance-based organizational rules and risk-taking behaviors were also satisfied. Moreover, employees' perceptions of organizational performance tended to increase when they felt that organizational rules were oriented toward performance plus organizational members and top leaders exhibited greater risk-taking behaviors. However, no correlation was evident between employees' expectations of opportunities and perceived organizational performance. [source] Postfeedback development perceptions: Applying the theory of planned behaviorHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2006Alma McCarthy The primary purpose of management development programs is performance improvement at an individual and organizational level. Performance improvement results from knowledge, skill, or ability enhancement. An important intervention in management development is the use of 360-degree or multisource feedback (MSF), which leads to more effective career development activity resulting from enhanced self-awareness. The research model used to investigate self-reported postfeedback management development behavior is derived using the theory of planned behavior. The findings reveal that perceptions of the accuracy of MSF, cynicism, perceived organizational support, and age are significant predictors of postfeedback development behavior. The implications for research and practice are set out. [source] Performance improvement of the vapour compression refrigeration cycle by a two-phase constant area ejectorINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 5 2009Nagihan Bilir Abstract The performance of a vapour compression system that uses an ejector as an expansion device was investigated. In the analysis, a two-phase constant area ejector flow model was used. R134a was selected as the refrigerant. According to the obtained results, for any operating temperature there are different optimum values of pressure drop in the suction chamber, ejector area ratio, ejector outlet pressure and cooling coefficient of performance (COP). As the difference between condenser and evaporator temperatures increases, the improvement ratio in COP rises whereas ejector area ratio drops. The minimum COP improvement ratio in the investigated field was 10.1%, while its maximum was 22.34%. Even in the case of an off-design operation, the performance of a system with ejector is higher than that of the basic system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Performance improvement of a combined double-way thermochemical sorption refrigeration cycle with reheating processAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Tingxian Li Abstract A reheating process is proposed aimed at improving the system performance of a combined double-way thermochemical sorption thermodynamic cycle based on adsorption and resorption refrigeration. The reheating process causes an increase in the driving equilibrium temperature difference, which promotes the reaction rate and thus improves the global conversion of sorbent. Experimental results showed that the proposed reheating process is an effective technique for improving the performance of the combined double-way cycle. The improvement in the COP ranged between 12 and 48% in the different cycle conditions, when compared with the combined double-way cycle without reheating. The low pseudo-evaporation temperature and high heat sink temperature can further improve the system performance. The COP obtained with the combined double-way cycle without reheating was 0.57, when the heat sink, evaporation, and pseudo-evaporation temperatures were 25, 10, and 10°C, respectively. However, at the same cycle conditions, the COP increased to 0.64 when the proposed reheating process was introduced in the combined double-way sorption cycle. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 [source] Performance improvement: Applying a human performance model to organizational processes in a military training environmentPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT, Issue 5 2009Wayne Aaberg This article provides a description and the results of a study that utilized the human performance (HP) model and methods to explore and analyze a training organization. The systemic and systematic practices of the HP model are applicable to military training organizations as well as civilian organizations. Implications of the study for future organizations grappling with registrar office concerns include the development of a rich information base and the acquisition of data collection resources. [source] Performance improvement in the armed forcesPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT, Issue 3 2008Roger D. Chevalier CPT No abstract is available for this article. [source] Performance improvement of saturated system using loop shaping approach,ASIAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL, Issue 1 2009Shyi-Kae Yang Abstract Actuator saturation is an important issue when designing practical control systems. It usually induces the windup phenomenon and even yields system instability. In this paper, a two-stage controller design method is proposed for systems with actuator limitations using the loop shaping approach. In this approach, a pre-designed controller is first used to stabilize the control system to achieve the desired performance. A loop-shaping-based auxiliary controller is then introduced to reduce the windup effect, which might be caused by actuator limitation or functional damage during the mission. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society [source] Deterministic-based performance modeling of a cluster of nodes handling subscriber profile query and update in CDMA mobile switching centerBELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007David C. Ma This paper presents performance modeling of processor occupancy in a cluster of nodes handling subscriber profile query and update in a code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile switching center (MSC). It also presents a simplified method to determine the profile update ratio that represents the fraction of autonomous registration (AR) and call events requiring subscriber profile updates. Four models are presented. The performance models developed offer a number of advantages, including enabling prediction of the home visitor location register (HVLR) capacity in a deterministic fashion to facilitate subscriber profile management and planning and to provide a simple method to determine the subscriber profile update ratio. The models are simple to use and provide accurate predictions. The models are platform-independent and can be easily applied to other platforms by substituting a new set of costs per message. Performance improvement by update bundling is also demonstrated, and future work on modeling update bundling is presented. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent. [source] Performance improvements for olive oil refining plantsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 6 2010Elif Bozoglan Abstract The main objective of this study, which is conducted for the first time to the best of the authors' knowledge, is to identify improvements in olive oil refinery plants' performance. In the analyses, the actual operational data are used for performance assessment purposes. The refinery plant investigated is located in Izmir Turkey and has an oil capacity of 6250,kg,h,1. It basically incorporates steam generators, several tanks, heat exchangers, a distillation column, flash tanks and several pumps. The values for exergy efficiency and exergy destruction of operating components are determined based on a reference (dead state) temperature of 25°C. An Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software program is utilized to do the analyses of the plant. The exergy transports between the components and the consumptions in each of the components of the whole plant are determined for the average parameters obtained from the actual data. The exergy loss and flow diagram (the so-called Grassmann diagram) are also presented for the entire plant studied to give quantitative information regarding the proportion of the exergy input that is dissipated in the various plant components. Among the observed components in the plant, the most efficient equipment is found to be the shell- and tube-type heat exchanger with an exergy efficiency value of 85%. The overall exergetic efficiency performance of the plant (the so-called functional exergy efficiency) is obtained to be about 12%, while the exergy efficiency value on the exergetic fuel,product basis is calculated to be about 65%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Dynamic scratch-pad memory management with data pipelining for embedded systemsCONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 13 2010Yanqin Yang Abstract In this paper, we propose an effective data pipelining technique, SPDP (Scratch-Pad Data Pipelining), for dynamic scratch-pad memory (SPM) management with DMA (Direct Memory Access). Our basic idea is to overlap the execution of CPU instructions and DMA operations. In SPDP, based on the iteration access patterns of arrays, we group multiple iterations into a block to improve the data locality of regular array accesses. We allocate the data of multiple iterations into different portions of the SPM. In this way, when the CPU executes instructions and accesses data from one portion of the SPM, DMA operations can be performed to transfer data between the off-chip memory and another portion of SPM simultaneously. We perform code transformation to insert DMA instructions to achieve the data pipelining. We have implemented our SPDP technique with the IMPACT compiler, and conduct experiments using a set of loop kernels from DSPstone, Mibench, and Mediabench on the cycle-accurate VLIW simulator of Trimaran. The experimental results show that our technique achieves performance improvement compared with the previous work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Learning How and Learning What: Effects of Tacit and Codified Knowledge on Performance Improvement Following Technology AdoptionDECISION SCIENCES, Issue 2 2003Amy C. Edmondson ABSTRACT This paper examines effects of tacit and codified knowledge on performance improvement as organizations gain experience with a new technology. We draw from knowledge management and learning curve research to predict improvement rate heterogeneity across organizations. We first note that the same technology can present opportunities for improvement along more than one dimension, such as efficiency and breadth of use. We compare improvement for two dimensions: one in which the acquisition of codified knowledge leads to improvement and another in which improvement requires tacit knowledge. We hypothesize that improvement rates across organizations will be more heterogeneous for dimensions of performance that rely on tacit knowledge than for those that rely on codified knowledge (H1), and that group membership stability predicts improvement rates for dimensions relying on tacit knowledge (H2). We further hypothesize that when performance relies on codified knowledge, later adopters should improve more quickly than earlier adopters (H3). All three hypotheses are supported in a study of 15 hospitals learning to use a new surgical technology. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [source] A Structural Analysis of the Effectiveness of Buying Firms' Strategies to Improve Supplier PerformanceDECISION SCIENCES, Issue 1 2000Daniel R. Krause Many manufacturing firms have increased the amount of component parts and services they outsource, while refocusing on their core capabilities. Outsourcing parts and services to independent, external suppliers means that suppliers' performance is increasingly critical to the long-term success of these buying firms. Buying firms are increasingly using disparate supplier development strategies to improve supplier performance including supplier assessment, providing incentives for improved performance, instigating competition among suppliers, and direct involvement of the buying firm's personnel with suppliers through activities such as training of suppliers' personnel. Using resource-based theory, internalization theory, and structural equation modeling, we examine the impact of these supplier development strategies on performance. We conclude that direct involvement activities, where the buying firm internalizes a significant amount of the supplier development effort, play a critical role in performance improvement. [source] Speed estimation of induction motor drive using d -axis slot harmonics and parameter identification methodELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 2 2010Toshihiko Noguchi Abstract This paper describes a rotor speed estimation technique of an induction motor, which utlizes slot harmonics on the d -axis caused by permeance variation across the air gap. The frequency of the slot harmonics is a multiple of the actual rotor speed, and is proportional to the number of rotor slots. In order to extract the slot harmonics, a novel adaptive bandpass filter incorporating coordinate transformation is proposed, which is effective to estimate the rotor speed from 400 to 2000 rpm. This rotor speed estimation is applied to a field-oriented controller as well as a speed controller. In addition, performance improvement is carried out by compensating a motor parameter mismatch. Feasibility of the proposed technique is confirmed through several tests, using a prototype experimental setup. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(2): 50,58, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20901 [source] Bon Secours Health System integrates Lean Six Sigma and Knowledge Transfer to drive clinical and operational excellenceGLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 6 2009H. Douglas Sears By harnessing accelerated performance improvement and rapid learning across all of its 29 facilities, Bon Secours pursues consistency, integration, quality, and transparency of patient care, even as it leverages the scale and scope of its operations for higher efficiencies. And now it's pursuing the holy grails of standardized care and a single electronic medical record for each patient. Improvement projects linked to performance gaps in balanced scorecard dashboards are executed with Lean Six Sigma methodologies and rapid-cycle improvement. Communities of Excellence then transfer improvements and replicate proven practices across facilities. This approach is helping fuel two interconnected initiatives: Clinical Transformation, the redesign of workflows,including common order sets and care plans,supported by the new ConnectCare clinical information system, which together aim to standardize 80 percent of patient care across all facilities. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Postfeedback development perceptions: Applying the theory of planned behaviorHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2006Alma McCarthy The primary purpose of management development programs is performance improvement at an individual and organizational level. Performance improvement results from knowledge, skill, or ability enhancement. An important intervention in management development is the use of 360-degree or multisource feedback (MSF), which leads to more effective career development activity resulting from enhanced self-awareness. The research model used to investigate self-reported postfeedback management development behavior is derived using the theory of planned behavior. The findings reveal that perceptions of the accuracy of MSF, cynicism, perceived organizational support, and age are significant predictors of postfeedback development behavior. The implications for research and practice are set out. [source] Employee perceptions and their influence on training effectivenessHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003Amalia Santos Studies of the benefits of human resource development (HRD) for organisations have assumed a direct connection between training strategy and a hierarchy of performance outcomes: learning, behavioural change and performance improvement. The influence of workplace practices and employees' experiences on training effectiveness has received little attention. This study investigates evaluation strategies designed to elicit greater training effectiveness, and explores the influence of trainees' perceptions and work environment factors on this. Drawing on detailed case study findings, the authors highlight the importance of management practices, trainees' perceptions of the work environment and systems of reward in explaining behaviour change after training. [source] Environmentally-friendly Aspects and Innovative Lightweight Traction System Technologies of the Shinkansen High-speed EMUsIEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2008Yoshiyasu Hagiwara Member Abstract In 1964, the Tokaido Shinkansen marked the start of the world's first commercial service high-speed railway that operates at over 200 km/h. Since then, the Tokaido Shinkansen has demonstrated successful business and technological advancement. With the speeding-up of the Shinkansen, environmental matters such as noise and vibration have become critical issues. Measures taken to counter noise and vibration,such as weight reduction and aerodynamics,also effect global environmental measures to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission. With the introduction of the Series 300, there was a system change of applying an AC drive system, and the lightweight body realized performance improvement over the earlier Series 0. The high-speed EMUs have readily taken advantage of technological innovation such as those achieved in electronics technology. In particular, an innovative AC drive system comprising a power converter with a GTO thyristor and asynchronous motors realized a high-performance and lightweight traction system for high-speed EMUs in the 1990s. Furthermore, recent innovations in electronics technology, such as low switching loss power devices and high-power permanent magnets, have improved the AC drive systems of the high-speed EMUs of the 21st century. This article starts out by introducing environmentally friendliness of the Shinkansen trains in terms of low energy consumption by means of traction system change, and then proceeds to describe the recent technological innovations that have given birth to lightweight traction systems, such as the Permanent Magnet Synchronous traction Motor (PMSM) and power converters with train-draft-cooling systems. The article concludes by summing up the environmentally friendly aspects of the Tokaido Shinkansen. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] A fractional adaptation law for sliding mode controlINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, Issue 10 2008Mehmet Önder Efe Abstract This paper presents a novel parameter tuning law that forces the emergence of a sliding motion in the behavior of a multi-input multi-output nonlinear dynamic system. Adaptive linear elements are used as controllers. Standard approach to parameter adjustment employs integer order derivative or integration operators. In this paper, the use of fractional differentiation or integration operators for the performance improvement of adaptive sliding mode control systems is presented. Hitting in finite time is proved and the associated conditions with numerical justifications are given. The proposed technique has been assessed through a set of simulations considering the dynamic model of a two degrees of freedom direct drive robot. It is seen that the control system with the proposed adaptation scheme provides (i) better tracking performance, (ii) suppression of undesired drifts in parameter evolution, (iii) a very high degree of robustness and improved insensitivity to disturbances and (iv) removal of the controller initialization problem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Differential amplifier with improved gain-accuracy and linearityINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, Issue 8 2010R. Wu Abstract A novel circuit design technique is presented which improves gain-accuracy and linearity in differential amplifiers. The technique employs negative impedance compensation and results demonstrate a significant performance improvement in precision, lowering sensitivity, and wide dynamic range. A theoretical underpinning is given together with the results of a demonstrator differential input/output amplifier with gain of 12,dB. The simulation results show that, with the novel method, both the gain-accuracy and linearity can be improved greatly. Especially, the linearity improvement in IMD can get to more than 23,dB with a required gain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||