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Pervasive Phenomenon (pervasive + phenomenon)
Selected AbstractsA Primer on Topological PersistenceCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2006Herbert Edelsbrunner The idea of topological persistence is to look at homological features that persist along a nested sequence of topo-logical spaces. As a typical example, we may take the sequence of sublevel sets of a function. The combinatorial characterization of persistence in terms of pairs of critical values and fast algorithms computing these pairs make this idea practical and useful in dealing with the pervasive phenomenon of noise in geometric and visual data. This talk will 1. recall the relatively short history of persistence and some of its older roots; 2. introduce the concept intuitively while pointing out where algebra is needed to solidify the more difficult steps; 3. discuss a few applications to give a feeling of the potential of the method in dealing with noise and scale. Besides the initial concept, the talk will touch upon recent extensions and their motivation. [source] Economics of self-medication: theory and evidenceHEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 9 2003Fwu-Ranq Chang Abstract A pervasive phenomenon in developing countries is that self-prescribed medications are purchased from drug vendors without professional supervision. In this article we develop a model of self-medicating behavior of a utility-maximizing consumer who balances the benefits and risks of self-medication. The empirical investigation focuses on the role of income and health insurance on the use of self-medication. Our data are from the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Survey of Vietnam, 1997,1998. The results show that self-medication is an inferior good at high income levels and a normal good at low income levels, and it shows a strong and robust negative insurance effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Effects of Non-Contingent Self-Restraint on Self-InjuryJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 2 2009Denise Marzullo Kerth Background, Self-restraint is a pervasive phenomenon among individuals who engage in self-injurious behaviour (SIB). Materials and Methods, The present study examined the use of clothing as a socially acceptable alternative to self-restraint to reduce SIB and other topographies of self-restraint in an adolescent diagnosed with autism. Two separate functional analyses were conducted for SIB prior to the self-restraint evaluation. A reversal design was then used to evaluate the effect of non-contingent access to a hooded sweatshirt on rates of self-restraint and SIB. Results, Both functional analyses suggested that SIB was maintained by access to tangible items, attention, and perhaps also by escape from demands. The results of the self-restraint evaluation indicated that when access to a hooded sweatshirt was provided, rates of other topographies of self-restraint dropped to zero and rates of SIB were reduced by 54% from baseline levels. Conclusions, These results highlight the idiosyncratic relationship between SIB and self-restraint and suggest that systematic evaluations of this relationship may lead to reductions in both behaviours. [source] A Theory of Fraud and Overtreatment in Experts MarketsJOURNAL OF ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, Issue 4 2006Ingela Alger Consumers often rely on an expert's diagnosis to assess their needs. If the expert is also the seller of services, he may use his informational advantage to induce overtreatment, which is a pervasive phenomenon in experts markets. We offer and discuss conditions leading to equilibrium overtreatment in an otherwise purely competitive model. This market failure results from consumers' ability to turn down an expert's recommendation: experts defraud consumers to keep them uninformed, as this deters them from seeking a better price elsewhere. [source] | ||||||||||