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Peroxidation Levels (peroxidation + level)
Kinds of Peroxidation Levels Selected AbstractsThe Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Penicillin-induced Epileptiform Activity in RatsEPILEPSIA, Issue 7 2007Mustafa Ayyildiz Summary:,Purpose: Epileptic seizure results from excessive discharge in a population of hyperexcitable neurons. A number of studies help to document the effects of active oxygen free radical scavengers such as ,-tocopherol or ascorbic acid (vitamin C). In the present study, we examined the effects of ascorbic acid, at the six different doses, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Methods: A single microinjection of penicillin (2.5 ,l, 500 units, intracortically) into the left sensorimotor cortex induced epileptiform activity within 2,5 min, progressing to full seizure activity lasting ,3,5 h. In the first set of experiments, 30 min after penicillin injection, six different doses of ascorbic acid (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (IP). The other group of animals received the effective dose of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg, IP) for 7 days. Ascorbic acid administration was stopped 24 h before penicillin treatment. Another group of rats received the effective dose of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before penicillin treatment. In the second set of experiments, the lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels of brain were measured in the control, control + ascorbic acid, penicillin, and penicillin + ascorbic acid groups. Results: Ascorbic acid, at the low dose (50, 100 mg/kg, 30 min after penicillin injection), decreased both the frequency and amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. Ascorbic acid, at intermediate doses (200, 400 mg/kg, 30 min after penicillin injection), decreased the frequency of epileptiform activity without changing the amplitude. Ascorbic acid, at the lowest dose (25 mg/kg) and highest dose (800 mg/kg) (30 min after penicillin injection), did not change either the frequency or amplitude of epileptiform activity. Ascorbic acid, at the low dose (100 mg/kg) was the most effective dose in changing the frequency and amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) 30 min before penicillin treatment caused a significant delay in the onset of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) for 7 days did not change the latency of epileptiform activity. The most effective dose of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) prevented both the decrease in GSH level and the increase in lipid peroxidation level (MDA) occurring after penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Conclusions: These data indicate that ascorbic acid has neuroprotective activity against penicillin-induced epileptiform electrocorticogram activity. [source] Organotins-promoted peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids: A new antioxidative scavenger for promotersHETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2006Elena R. Milaeva The organotin compounds RnSnX4- n are promoters of lipids peroxidation. The influence of (CH3)2SnCl2, (C2H5)2SnCl2, and SnCl2 upon the radical chain oxidation of oleic acid as model substrate R,H for lipid peroxidation in the simultaneous presence of porphyrins (free bases of meso -tetrakis(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (R,4PH2) and of meso -tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPH2)) has been studied. The monitoring of the unsaturated acid peroxidation level has been performed by the determination of the total concentration of isomeric hydroperoxides as well as of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, as markers of carbonyl compounds formation following the hydroperoxides decomposition. The organotin compounds demonstrate prooxidative activity. The promoting effect of these compounds decreases in the presence of TPPH2. The free-base porphyrin R,4PH2, containing the antioxidative phenolic moieties (2,6-di- tert -butylphenol), demonstrates the acute inhibitory effect upon the acid's peroxidation. The analogous results have been achieved when compared with the influence of CH3HgI and HgCl2 upon the acids peroxidation of oleic acid in the presence of porphyrins. This fact points out that meso- tetrakis(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin shows the activities of both the antioxidant and of the scavenger for metals and might be used as a new antioxidative scavenger preventing lipids peroxidation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:475,480, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20269 [source] Protective role of Panax ginseng extract standardized with ginsenoside Rg3 against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in ratsJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Fathia Mannaa Abstract Acrylamide (ACR) is an industrial neurotoxic chemical that has been recently found in carbohydrate-rich foods cooked at high temperatures. ACR was designated as a probable human carcinogen by IARC (1994) and USEPA (1988). Panax ginseng extract has efficacies such as anticancer, antihypertension, antidiabetes and antinociception. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the protective effects of Panax ginseng extract against ACR-induced toxicity in rats. Sixty adult Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into six groups included a control group, a group treated orally with ACR (50 mg kg,1 body weight; b.w.) for 11 days, a group treated orally with Panax ginseng extract (20 mg kg,1 b.w.) for 11 days and groups treated orally with Panax ginseng for 11 days before, during or after 11 days of ACR treatment. The results indicated that treatment with ACR alone resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level and LDH activity in brain homogenate as well as in serum CK activity, whereas it caused a significant decrease in SOD activity and a small but statistically insignificant decrease in Na+K+ -ATPase activity in brain homogenate. Serum serotonin, corticosterone, T3, T4, TSH, estradiol, progesterone and plasma adrenaline were significantly decreased in ACR-treated rats. Treatment with Panax ginseng before, during or after ACR treatment reduced or partially antagonized the effects induced by ACR towards the normal values of controls. It could be concluded that Panax ginseng extract exhibited a protective action against ACR toxicity and it is worth noting that treatment with Panax ginseng extract before or at the same time as ACR treatment was more effective than when administered after ACR treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Oxidative damage to DNA and lipids: correlation with protein glycation in patients with type 1 diabetesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2010Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi Abstract Diabetic hyperglycemia is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS reacts with DNA resulting in various products, such as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), that excrete in urine owing to DNA repair processes. Urinary 8-OHdG has been proposed as an indicator of oxidative damage to DNA. This study aimed to evaluate relationship between oxidative damage to DNA and protein glycation in patients with Type 1 diabetes. We measured urinary 8-OHdG level in diabetic patients and healthy subjects and discussed its relationship to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated serum protein (GSP) levels. Furthermore plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level monitored as an important indicator of lipid peroxidation in diabetes. We studied 32 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and compared the measured factors with those of 48 age-matched nondiabetic controls. GSP and MDA were measured bycolorimetric assay. Urinary 8-OHdG measurement was carried out using ELISA. In this study urinary 8-OHdG, HbA1c, plasma MDA, and GSP levels were progressively higher in diabetics than in control subjects (P<0.05). Furthermore we found significant correlation between urinary 8-OHdG and HbA1c (P<0.05) in diabetic group. Correlation between fasting blood sugar and GSP were significant. We also found significant correlation between fasting blood sugar and MDA. This case,control study in young diabetic patients showed increased blood glucose and related metabolic disorders result in oxidative stress and oxidative damage to DNA and lipids. Furthermore oxidative damage to DNA is associated to glycemic control level, whereas lipid peroxidation level was not significantly correlated with glycemic control level. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:72,76, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Lipid peroxidation: a possible role in the induction and progression of chronic periodontitisJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2005C. C. Tsai Objectives:, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the destruction of the periodontium during inflammatory periodontal diseases. The imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant activity may be a key factor in the damaging effects of ROS. This study aimed to determine the lipid peroxidation levels in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva, and glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in saliva in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods:, Gingival crevicular fluid and saliva were collected from 13 patients and 9 healthy control subjects during the preliminary study, and from 21 patients during the subsequent study. Lipid peroxidation level, GSH level and GPx activity were determined by spectrophotometric assay. Results:, The preliminary study found that when comparing patients to healthy controls, the gingival crevicular fluid samples produced the following results, respectively: higher lipid peroxidation concentration (µm) (by sites: 167.55 vs. 53.71, p < 0.0001; by subjects: 151.99 vs. 50.66, p < 0.005) and total amount (pmol) (by sites: 93.02 vs. 8.47, p < 0.0001, by subjects: 80.44 vs. 7.84, p < 0.0005). In saliva samples, lower GSH concentration (µm) (373.04 vs. 606.67, p < 0.05), higher lipid peroxidation concentration (µm) (0.66 vs. 0.13, p < 0.0005), and no difference in GPx activity were found in patients than in those of healthy controls. The subsequent study showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement of clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing attachment level, probing pocket depth and gingival crevicular fluid volume), decreases in gingival crevicular fluid lipid peroxidation levels (concentration and total amount) at the sites after the completion of phase 1 periodontal treatment. Similarly, the periodontal treatment resulted in a significant decrease of lipid peroxidation concentrations (p < 0.05), increase in GSH concentration (p < 0.001), and no change in GPx activity in saliva samples. Conclusion:, The increased levels of lipid peroxidation may play a role in the inflammation and destruction of the periodontium in periodontitis. [source] The chloroplastic lipocalin AtCHL prevents lipid peroxidation and protects Arabidopsis against oxidative stressTHE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Gabriel Levesque-Tremblay Summary Lipocalins are small ligand-binding proteins with a simple tertiary structure that gives them the ability to bind small, generally hydrophobic, molecules. Recent studies have shown that animal lipocalins play important roles in the regulation of developmental processes and are involved in tolerance to oxidative stress. Plants also possess various types of lipocalins, and bioinformatics analyses have predicted that some lipocalin members may be present in the chloroplast. Here we report the functional characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplastic lipocalin AtCHL. Cellular fractionation showed that AtCHL is a thylakoid lumenal protein. Drought, high light, paraquat and abscisic acid treatments induce AtCHL transcript and protein accumulation. Under normal growth conditions, knockout (KO) and over-expressing (OEX) lines do not differ from wild-type plants in terms of phenotype and photosynthetic performance. However, KO plants, which do not accumulate AtCHL, show more damage upon photo-oxidative stress induced by drought, high light or paraquat. In contrast, a high level of AtCHL allows OEX plants to cope better with these stress conditions. When exposed to excess light, KO plants display a rapid accumulation of hydroxy fatty acids relative to the wild-type, whereas the lipid peroxidation level remains very low in OEX plants. The increased lipid peroxidation in KO plants is mediated by singlet oxygen and is not correlated with photo-inhibition of the photosystems. This work provides evidence suggesting that AtCHL is involved in the protection of thylakoidal membrane lipids against reactive oxygen species, especially singlet oxygen, produced in excess light. [source] Oxidative stress parameters during starvation and refeeding periods in Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 6 2009M. FURNÉ Abstract This work analyses the changes in the redox balance in two fish species: Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during starvation and refeeding period. The starvation period raised the lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric-acid-reacting substances) levels in liver and blood, while a decline occurred in the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in both fish species. In liver, after the refeeding period, SOD activity recovered in both species, whereas CAT activity recovered only in trout. Furthermore, in both tissues of the two species, the lipid peroxidation levels remained high after 2 months of refeeding. In white muscle and heart, the lipid peroxidation levels indicate that these tissues did not undergo oxidative stress during the 72-day period. During starvation, in the muscle of both fish the fall in the lipid peroxidation level coincided with a rise in CAT, GPX and GR. The refeeding period in this tissue raised the lipid peroxidation level, and the enzymatic activities reached the values of the first point of starvation. In heart, no oxidative damage was detected during starvation in either species. The CAT and SOD activities increased during the starvation period only in trout. [source] Effects of a Vitamin E-Modified Dialysis Membrane and Vitamin C Infusion on Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis PatientsARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 6 2001Jaromír Eiselt Abstract: Hemodialysis deteriorates oxidative stress. Vitamin E is an antioxidant whose regeneration is provided for by vitamin C. The authors tested the effects of a vitamin E-modified membrane (E), nonmodified cellulose membrane (O), and vitamin C infusion (500 mg, C) into the arterial blood line during dialysis on parameters of oxidative stress. In a short-term study, 24 patients were subjected to a single dialysis session with E, O, E with C, and O with C protocols. In a long-term study (12 weeks), 20 patients were randomized into groups with C and without C on each dialysis, and both groups had dialysis using O, E, and again O membrane for 4 weeks each. In the short-term study, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) in plasma rose after dialysis (p < 0.02) with O, and no changes were observed in the other 3 protocols. In the long-term study, predialysis TBARS declined when using E both in the groups with C (p < 0.02) and without C (p < 0.05). A switch over to O resulted in TBARS returning to baseline levels. The E membrane prevented an increase in lipid peroxidation during single dialysis, and long-term use of the E membrane also resulted in a decrease in the predialysis lipid peroxidation level. The antioxidant capacity of the E membrane was not enhanced by vitamin C infusion. High doses of vitamin C administered during dialysis using a nonmodified cellulose membrane prevented an increase in lipid peroxidation, most probably due to the enhanced rate of endogenous vitamin E regeneration. [source] Therapeutic effect of phytoecdysteroids rich extract from Ajuga iva on alloxan induced diabetic rats liver, kidney and pancreasBIOFACTORS, Issue 3 2008Khaled Hamden Abstract In the current study, the effect of Ajuga iva extract on blood glucose, lipid profile, hepatic and renal toxicity and antioxidant enzyme activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Diabetes was confirmed by measuring the glucoserua concentration 15 days after alloxan administration. Ajuga iva extract was administrated orally 3 weeks after alloxan injection. Our results investigate that Ajuga iva extract supplementation increased the levels of both enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthation peroxidase) and metals antioxidants (iron, copper, magnesium, calcuim) and decreased lipid peroxidation level (TBARs). Besides Ajuga iva ameliorated diabetes provoked hepatic and renal toxicity appeared by a lower level in total and direct bilirubin, urea, creatinine, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol and a higher level in HDL-cholesterol. Besides, the activities of phosphatase alkalines (PAL), aspartate and lactate transaminase (AST & ALT) were decreased. The benefices effects of phytoecdysteroids of Ajuga iva confirmed by histological observation in pancreatic tissues. In conclusion, Ajuga iva phytoecdysteroids supplements seem to be beneficial for correcting the hyperglycemia and preventing diabetic complications in liver, pancreas and kidneys. [source] Methoxychlor-induced alteration in the levels of HSP70 and clusterin is accompanied with oxidative stress in adult rat testisJOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY, Issue 1 2009S. Vaithinathan Abstract Methoxychlor, an organochlorine pesticide, has been reported to induce abnormalities in male reproductive tract. However, the insight into the mechanisms of gonadal toxicity induced by methoxychlor is not well known. We investigated whether treatment with methoxychlor would alter the levels of stress proteins, heat shock proteins (HSP), and clusterin (CLU), and oxidative stress-related parameters in the testis of adult male rats. Animals were exposed to a single dose of methoxychlor (50 mg/kg body weight) orally and were terminated at various time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h) using anesthetic ether. The levels of HSP70, CLU, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated in a 10% testis homogenate. A sequential reduction in the activities of catalase and SOD with concomitant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was observed. These changes elicited by methoxychlor were very significant between 6,12 h of posttreatment. Immunoblot analysis of HSP revealed the expression of HSP72, an inducible form of HSP, at certain time points (3,24 h) following exposure to methoxychlor. Similarly, the levels of secretory CLU (sCLU) were also found to be elevated between 3,24 h of treatment. The present data demonstrate methoxychlor-elicited increase in the levels of inducible HSP72 and sCLU, which could be a part of protective mechanism mounted to reduce cellular oxidative damage. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:29,35, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20262 [source] Lipid peroxidation levels and total oxidant status in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2007Ferda Alev Akal Abstract Objectives: Increased levels of reactive oxygen species lead to oxidative stress. Recent data suggest increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and oxidative stress in periodontitis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a significant LPO product, increases in oxidative stress. In this study, MDA levels and total oxidant status (TOS) in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were investigated in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and Methods: Thirty-six CP patients and 28 periodontally healthy controls were included in the study. Following clinical measurements and samplings, MDA and TOS levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and a novel automatic colorimetric method, respectively. Results: While the saliva and GCF MDA levels, and serum, saliva and GCF TOS values were significantly higher in the CP group than the control group (p<0.05), no significant difference in serum MDA levels was found (p>0.05). Strong positive correlations were observed between periodontal parameters and MDA and TOS levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results revealed that LPO significantly increased locally in the periodontal pocket/oral environment, while TOS displayed both systemic and local increases in periodontitis. The findings suggest that increased LPO and TOS may play an important role in the pathology of periodontitis, and are closely related to the clinical periodontal status. [source] Lipid peroxidation: a possible role in the induction and progression of chronic periodontitisJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2005C. C. Tsai Objectives:, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the destruction of the periodontium during inflammatory periodontal diseases. The imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant activity may be a key factor in the damaging effects of ROS. This study aimed to determine the lipid peroxidation levels in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva, and glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in saliva in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods:, Gingival crevicular fluid and saliva were collected from 13 patients and 9 healthy control subjects during the preliminary study, and from 21 patients during the subsequent study. Lipid peroxidation level, GSH level and GPx activity were determined by spectrophotometric assay. Results:, The preliminary study found that when comparing patients to healthy controls, the gingival crevicular fluid samples produced the following results, respectively: higher lipid peroxidation concentration (µm) (by sites: 167.55 vs. 53.71, p < 0.0001; by subjects: 151.99 vs. 50.66, p < 0.005) and total amount (pmol) (by sites: 93.02 vs. 8.47, p < 0.0001, by subjects: 80.44 vs. 7.84, p < 0.0005). In saliva samples, lower GSH concentration (µm) (373.04 vs. 606.67, p < 0.05), higher lipid peroxidation concentration (µm) (0.66 vs. 0.13, p < 0.0005), and no difference in GPx activity were found in patients than in those of healthy controls. The subsequent study showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement of clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing attachment level, probing pocket depth and gingival crevicular fluid volume), decreases in gingival crevicular fluid lipid peroxidation levels (concentration and total amount) at the sites after the completion of phase 1 periodontal treatment. Similarly, the periodontal treatment resulted in a significant decrease of lipid peroxidation concentrations (p < 0.05), increase in GSH concentration (p < 0.001), and no change in GPx activity in saliva samples. Conclusion:, The increased levels of lipid peroxidation may play a role in the inflammation and destruction of the periodontium in periodontitis. [source] Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) levels and gelatinase (MMP-9) activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2000Hanna-Leena Collin We studied the salivary levels and activities of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9 in 45 type 2 diabetic patients and 77 control subjects. The patients' mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlc) was 8.7%, indicating an unsatisfactory metabolic control of the disease. The MMP levels were further related to the clinical and microbiological periodontal findings as well as to salivary flow rate and other factors. The salivary flow rate, albumin and amylase concentrations were similar in type 2 diabetic patients to those in the control group. The mean gingival and periodontal pocket indexes were higher in the diabetes group. The number of potential periodontopathogenic bacteria was lower, however, in the diabetic than in the control group. Zymography and immunoblotting revealed that the major MMPs in the type 2 diabetic patients' saliva were MMP-8 and MMP-9. Salivary MMP levels and activities in type 2 diabetic patients were in general similar to those in the control group. However, the correlation coefficients using multiple regression analysis revealed that gingival bleeding, pocket depths and HbAlc were associated with increased MMP-8 levels which, in turn, were negatively predicted by elevated plasma lipid peroxide levels in the diabetic group. Our data on salivary MMP-8 and -9 do not support the concept of generalized neutrophil dysfunction in unbalanced diabetes. Moreover, plasma lipid peroxidation levels reflecting the increased oxidative burden, which is generated mainly by triggered neutrophils, do not indicate neutrophil dysfunction due to diabetes, but may rather be related to the increased tissue damage in an uncontrolled disease. However, advanced periodontitis in type 2 diabetes seems to be related to elevated salivary MMP-8 levels which might be useful in monitoring periodontal disease in diabetes. [source] Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of gallic acid in paracetamol-induced liver damage in miceJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2010Mahaboob Khan Rasool Abstract Objectives The aim of this research paper was to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of gallic acid in paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. Methods In the present study, the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of gallic acid were evaluated against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and compared with the silymarin, a standard hepatoprotective drug. The mice received a single dose of paracetamol (900 mg/kg body weight i.p.). Gallic acid (100 mg/kg body weight i.p.) and silymarin (25 mg/kg body weight i.p.) were administered 30 min after the injection of paracetamol. After 4 h, liver marker enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase) and inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-,) were estimated in serum, while the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione- S -transferase and glutathione) were determined in liver homogenate of the control and experimental mice. Key findings Increased activities of liver marker enzymes and elevated TNF-, and lipid peroxidation levels were observed in mice exposed to paracetamol (P < 0.05), whereas the antioxidant status was found to be depleted (P < 0.05) when compared with the control group. However gallic acid treatment (100 mg/kg body weight i.p.) significantly reverses (P < 0.05) the above changes by its antioxidant action compared to the control group as observed in the paracetamol-challenged mice. Conclusions The results clearly demonstrate that gallic acid possesses promising hepatoprotective effects. [source] Protective effect of Nardostachys jatamansi on oxidative injury and cellular abnormalities during doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage in ratsJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2006Rajakannu Subashini Nardostachys jatamansi is a medicinally important herb of Indian origin. It has been used for centuries in the Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments. We have evaluated the effect of N. jatamansi (rhizomes) on the biochemical changes, tissue peroxidative damage and abnormal antioxidant levels in doxorubicin (adriamycin)-induced cardiac damage. Preliminary studies on the effect of the graded dose of extract showed that 500 mg kg,1 orally for seven days was found to be optimum and hence all further study was carried out with this particular dose. Rats administered doxorubicin (15 mg kg,1, i.p.) showed myocardial damage that was manifested by the elevation of serum marker enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransaminase and alanine aminotransaminase). The animals showed significant changes in the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) and lipid peroxidation levels. Pretreatment with N. jatamansi extract significantly prevented these alterations and restored the enzyme activity and lipid peroxides to near normal levels. Restoration of cellular normality accredits the N. jatamansi with a cytoprotective role in doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage. [source] Antioxidative effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate in CCl4-Induced liver injury in low-protein fed ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 11 2006C. Z. Nkosi Abstract The effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the plasma activity levels of catalase (CA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in liver homogenates and lipid peroxidation (LPO-malondialdehyde-MDA) levels in liver homogenates and liver microsomal fractions against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in low-protein fed Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) were investigated. A group of male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a low-protein diet for 5 days were divided into three subgroups. Two subgroups were injected with carbon tetrachloride and the other group with an equivalent amount of olive oil. Two hours after CCl4 intoxication one of the two subgroups was administered with pumpkin seed protein isolate and thereafter switched onto a 20% pumpkin seed protein isolate diet. The other two groups of rats were maintained on the low-protein diet for the duration of the investigation. Groups of rats from the different subgroups were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h after their respective treatments. After 5 days on the low-protein diet the activity levels of all the enzymes as well as antioxidant levels were significantly lower than their counterparts on a normal balanced diet. However, a low-protein diet resulted in significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation. The CCl4 intoxicated rats responded in a similar way, regarding all the variables investigated, to their counterparts on a low-protein diet. The administration of pumpkin seed protein isolate after CCl4 intoxication resulted in significantly increased levels of all the variables investigated, with the exception of the lipid peroxidation levels which were significantly decreased. From the results of the present study it is concluded that pumpkin seed protein isolate administration was effective in alleviating the detrimental effects associated with protein malnutrition and CCl4 intoxication. It is therefore apparent that pumpkin seed protein isolate has components that have antiperoxidative properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The protein fraction of Phyllanthus niruri plays a protective role against acetaminophen induced hepatic disorder via its antioxidant propertiesPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2006Rajesh Bhattacharjee Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective action of the protein fraction of Phyllanthus niruri against acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. The partially purified protein fraction of P. niruri was injected intraperitoneally in mice either prior to (preventive) or after the induction of toxicity (curative). Levels of different liver marker enzymes in serum and different antioxidant enzymes, as well as lipid peroxidation in total liver homogenates were measured in normal, control (toxicity induced) and P. niruri protein fraction-treated mice. P. niruri significantly reduced the elevated glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the sera of toxicity induced mice, compared with the control group. Lipid peroxidation levels were also reduced in mice treated with P. niruri protein fraction compared with the APAP treated control group. Among the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione,S-transferase (GST) levels were restored to almost normal levels compared with the control group. P. niruri treatment also enhanced reduced hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels caused by APAP administration. The results demonstrated that the protein fraction of P. niruri protected liver tissues against oxidative stress in mice, probably acting by increasing antioxidative defense. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemomodulatory effects of Azadirachta indica on the hepatic status of skin tumor bearing micePHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006Ashwani Koul Abstract The liver plays an important role in the modulation of the process of carcinogenesis, as it is the primary site for the biotransformation of xenobiotics including carcinogens as well as anticancer drugs. The present study was designed to evaluate the biochemical alterations occurring in the liver of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin tumor bearing male Balb/c mice and their modulation by aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AAILE). It was observed that skin tumor induction caused hepatic damage characterized by a decreased hepatosomatic index and significantly increased (p < 0.001) activities of the hepatic tissue injury marker enzymes, namely alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. However, upon treatment with AAILE, the above-mentioned alterations, including the increased activities of hepatic tissue injury marker enzymes, were significantly reversed, which signified the hepato-protective efficacy of Azadirachta indica. Increased oxidative stress was also observed in the hepatic tissue of skin tumor bearing mice as revealed by a significant increase (p < 0.001) in lipid peroxidation levels and a decrease in reduced glutathione contents and activities of various antioxidant enzymes studied, namely glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. The AAILE treatment reduced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation levels and enhancing the reduced glutathione contents and activities of various antioxidant enzymes. The activities of the xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes, namely cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5 and glutathione-S-transferase, were found to be decreased in the hepatic tissue of tumor bearing mice. Treatment with AAILE further caused a decrease in the activity of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5, whereas it up-regulated the activity of glutathione-S-transferase. The significance of these observations with respect to the progress of the process of carcinogenesis is explained in the present research article. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Oxidative stress parameters during starvation and refeeding periods in Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 6 2009M. FURNÉ Abstract This work analyses the changes in the redox balance in two fish species: Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during starvation and refeeding period. The starvation period raised the lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric-acid-reacting substances) levels in liver and blood, while a decline occurred in the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in both fish species. In liver, after the refeeding period, SOD activity recovered in both species, whereas CAT activity recovered only in trout. Furthermore, in both tissues of the two species, the lipid peroxidation levels remained high after 2 months of refeeding. In white muscle and heart, the lipid peroxidation levels indicate that these tissues did not undergo oxidative stress during the 72-day period. During starvation, in the muscle of both fish the fall in the lipid peroxidation level coincided with a rise in CAT, GPX and GR. The refeeding period in this tissue raised the lipid peroxidation level, and the enzymatic activities reached the values of the first point of starvation. In heart, no oxidative damage was detected during starvation in either species. The CAT and SOD activities increased during the starvation period only in trout. [source] Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapyAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010D Wei Abstract Background:, Recent data have demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and oxidative stress in periodontitis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are both increased during oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study examined SOD concentration, total oxidative status (TOS) and MDA levels in periodontal patients and investigated the longitudinal effect of periodontal therapy on the index levels of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. Methods:, Serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from 48 CP patients and 35 healthy control subjects prior to, as well as after 16 weeks following non-surgical post-periodontal therapy. MDA, TOS and SOD and clinical parameters were determined pre- and post-therapy. Results:, The levels of TOS and SOD values were significantly higher in the CP group than in the control group (p < 0.05), but only MDA in GCF. Post-periodontal therapy, serum, saliva and GCF TOS and SOD levels significantly decreased compared to basal levels (p < 0.05), but only MDA in GCF. Conclusions:, LPO was higher in the periodontal region, with TOS and SOD increasing both locally and peripherally. Non-surgical therapy can restore and control the subject antioxidant capacity by locally and systemically modifying the levels of MDA, TOS and SOD. [source] MODULATORY EFFECT OF NARINGENIN ON N -METHYL- N, -NITRO- N -NITROSOGUANIDINE- AND SATURATED SODIUM CHLORIDE-INDUCED GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS IN MALE WISTAR RATSCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 10 2008Ekambaram Ganapathy SUMMARY 1Naringenin is a flavanone that is believed to have many biological actions, including as an anti-oxidant, free radical scavenger and an antiproliferative agent. The global incidence of gastric carcinoma is increasing rapidly, more than for any other cancer. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of naringenin on gastric carcinogenesis induced by N -methyl- N,-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and saturated sodium chloride (S-NaCl) in rats. 2Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups and treated over a period of 20 weeks as follows: (i) a control group given corn oil (1 mL/rat, p.o.) daily 20 weeks; (ii) 200 mg/kg, p.o., MNNG on Days 0 and 14 with S-NaCl (1 mL/rat) administered twice a week for the first 3 weeks; (iii) 200 mg/kg, p.o., MNNG on Days 0 and 14, with naringenin (200 mg/kg, p.o., daily) treatment for the entire 20 weeks; (iv) 200 mg/kg, p.o., MNNG on Days 0 and 14, with naringenin treatment (200 mg/kg, p.o., daily) initiated from 6 to 20 weeks; (v) 200 mg/kg, p.o., naringenin alone daily for 20 weeks. 3In Group II rats in which gastric cancer was inducted with MNNG and S-NaCl, there was a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels, with decreases in reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In addition, in Group II rats with gastric cancer, there were significant increases in the activity of cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5 and NADPH cytochrome c reductase, with concomitant decreases in the activity of the phase II enzymes glutathione S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase. Naringenin treatment (Groups III and IV) restored enzyme activity to near control levels. 4These results indicate that naringenin has a chemopreventive action against MNNG-induced gastric carcinoma in experimental rats. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||