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Periodontally Healthy Individuals (periodontally + healthy_individual)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Modulation of clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis: response in aggressive periodontitis subjects

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
Leonardo Trombelli
Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize the gingival inflammatory response to de novo plaque accumulation in subjects treated for aggressive periodontitis (AP). The gingival inflammatory response of the AP subjects was retrospectively compared with that of periodontally healthy individuals (PH) matched for exposure to plaque and of periodontally healthy subjects previously identified as "high responders" (HR) and "low responders" (LR). Materials and Methods: 13 AP subjects and 26 matched PH subjects participated in a 21-day experimental gingivitis trial. Plaque index (PlI), Gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) and angulated bleeding score (AngBS) were recorded at days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Cumulative plaque exposure (CPE), i.e. PlI over time, was also calculated. Results: GCF was significantly higher in AP compared with PH group at each observation interval (p0.001). In addition, GCF was significantly higher in AP group compared with either LR or HR groups at each observation interval (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that susceptibility to gingival inflammation in response to de novo plaque accumulation may be related to susceptibility to periodontitis. [source]

Salivary cystatin activity and cystatin C in natural and experimental gingivitis in smokers and non-smokers

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2001
M. A. Lie
Abstract Background: Recent studies show that subjects with natural gingivitis or periodontitis have elevated levels of salivary cystatins compared to periodontally healthy individuals. Increased glandular output of cystatins in inflammatory conditions suggests an active, most likely protective, rôle for these proteins in inflammatory processes. Furthermore, it has been shown that the development of gingival inflammation is suppressed in smokers during experimental gingivitis. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether (i) the levels of salivary cystatins in natural gingivitis are related to smoking status, and (ii) to study whether experimentally induced gingivitis is associated with changes in salivary cystatin levels, in both smokers and non-smokers. Material and Methods: Whole saliva samples were taken in relation to natural gingivitis, gingival health and 14-day experimental gingivitis in 25 non-dental students (14 non-smokers and 11 smokers). The salivary flowrate was determined. Samples were analyzed for levels of protein, cystatin and cystatin-C. Results: Salivary flow and protein concentrations in cleared human whole saliva samples of non-smokers and smokers were not different from each other at any timepoint during the trial. With regard to cystatins, the results showed that in the state of natural gingivitis cystatin activity is lower in smokers as compared to non-smokers. In smokers, the resolution of natural gingivitis to the state of gingival health did not result in a change of cystatin activity and levels of cystatin C. At the end of the 14-day experimental gingivitis period, smokers showed a decrease in cystatin activity and cystatin C as well as lower outputs of cystatin activity and cystatin C. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with lower cystatin activity and output of cystatin C during gingival inflammation. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Neuere Untersuchungen haben bezeigt, dass bei Patienten mit natürlicher Gingivitis oder Parodontitis die Cystatinspiegel im Speichel im Vergleich zu parodontal gesunden Personen erhöht sind. Ein erhöhter Ausstoß von Cystatinen durch Speicheldrüsen bei entzündlichen Prozessen spricht für eine aktive, sehr wahrscheinlich protektive Rolle dieser Proteine bei Entzündungen. Darüber steht die Unterdrückung der Entwicklung der gingivalen Entzündung bei Rauchern während einer experimentellen Gingivitis möglicherweise mit der verstärkten Expression von Cystatin C in Verbindung. Zielsetzung: Untersuchung, (1) ob die Cystatinspiegel im Speichel bei natürtlicher Gingivitis mit dem Zigarettenkonsum in Verbindung stehen und (2) ob eine Assoziation zwischen experimentell induzierter Gingivitis und Veränderungen der Cystatinspiegel im Speichel bei Rauchern und Nichtrauchern besteht. Material und Methoden: Bei 25 Studenten (14 Nichtraucher, 11 Raucher), die keine Zahnmediziner waren, wurden Speichelproben in Relation zu natürlicher Gingivitis, gingivaler Gesundheit und während einer 14 Tage dauernden experimentellen Gingivitis entnommen. Die Speichelsekretioinsrate wurde gemessen und die Speichelkonzentrationen von Protein, Cystatin und Cystatin C bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die Speichelsekretionsraten und Proteinkonzentrationen der Speichelproben zeigten zu keinem Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung Unterschiede zwischen Rauchern und Nichtrauchern. Die Cystatinaktivität bei natürlicher Gingivitis war bei Rauchern geringer als bei Nichtrauchern. Bei Rauchern veränderten sich die Cystatinaktivität und der Cystatin-C-Spiegel beim Übergang von natur,rlicher Gingivitis zu gingivaler Gesundheit nicht. Am Ende der experimentellen Gingivitis von 14 Tagen war bei Rauchern eine Abnahme der Cystatinaktivität und des Cystatin C sowie ein geringerer Ausstoss von Cystatinaktivität und Cystatin C zu beobachten. Schlußfolgerungen: Rauchen ist geringerer Cystatinaktivität und geringerer Cystatin-C-Ausschüttng während gingivaler Entzündung assoziiert. Résumé Origine: De récentes études montrent que des sujets présentant des gingivites ou des parodontites naturelles ont des niveaux élevés de cystatines salivaires par rapport aux individus au parodonte sain. La production glandulaire augmentée de cystatine dans des conditions inflammatoires suggère un rôle actif, voire vraissemblablement protecteur, de ces protéines lors des processus inflammatoires. De plus, il a été montré que le développement de l'inflammation gingivale est supprimé chez le fumeur lors des gingivites expérimentales. But: Le but de cette étude était de rechercher si (i) le niveau de cystatine salivaire lors des gingivites naturelles est en relation avec le tabagisme et (ii) d'étudier si une gingivite expérimentale est associée une modification des niveaux salivaire de cystatine, chez les fumeurs et chez les non-fumeurs. Matériaux et méthodes: Des échantillons de salive totale était prélevés lors de gingivite naturelle, sur des patients avec des gencives saines, et lors de gingivites expérimentales sur 14 jours chez 25 étudiants (n'étudiant pas la chirurgie dentaire) (14 non-fumeurs et 11 fumeurs). Le taux de flux salivaire a été déterminé. Les échantillons furent étudiés pour les niveaux en protéine, cystatine et cystatine C. Resultats: Le flux salivaire, et les concentrations en protéines dans les échantillons de salive totale clarifiée des fumeurs et des non-fumeurs, ne présentaient aucune différence à aucun moment de l'étude. Pour la cystatine, les résultats montraient que lors des gingivites naturelles, l'activité de cette cystatine était moindre chez les fumeurs, et chez ces derniers, la résolution de cette gingivite vers l'état de santé gingivale n'entrainait pas de modifications de l'activité de la cystatine, ni du niveau de cystatine C. À la fin des 14 jours de gingivite expérimentale, les fumeurs montraient une diminution de l'activité de la cystatine et de la cystatine C ainsi qu'une diminution de la production de l'acitivité de la cystatine et de la cystatine C. Conclusion: Le tabagisme est associé avec une diminution de l'activité de la cystatine et une diminution de la production de cystatine C pendant l'inflammation gingivale. [source]

Expression of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in inflamed gingival biopsies

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2008
L. D. R. Gonçalves
Objectives:, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are known to be involved in the periodontal disease process. Results of in vivo MMPs and TIMPs gene expressions in the gingiva, though, are still controversial. In the present study, we compared the gene expression of MMP-1, -2, -9, -13 and TIMP-1, -2 in healthy and inflamed gingiva. Methods:, 38 gingival samples were collected from gingivitis (n = 10), advanced chronic periodontitis (n = 10), generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 8) and periodontally healthy individuals (n = 10). Total RNA isolated from those samples was subjected to reverse transcription followed by amplification by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Products were visualized in agarose gels and quantified by optical densitometry. Samples were also processed for gelatin zymography and Western blotting for MMP-2 and MMP-9 in order to assess for post-transcriptional MMP regulation at the protein level. Results:, The frequencies and levels of transcripts encoding MMPs and TIMPs were found to be not significantly different among groups (p > 0.05, Fisher's Exact and Kruskall-Wallis tests). There is a trend towards higher MMP-2 and -9 gelatinase activities in the inflamed samples, although not statistically significant. In contrast, zymography and Western blotting studies show that MMP-2 is virtually absent in the chronic periodontitis group. Conclusion:, These results could reflect a complex regulation of MMPs and TIMPs' gene expression in the course of gingival inflammation. They also reveal a great biological diversity even among individuals with similar periodontal status. [source]

A community study on the relationship between stress, coping, affective dispositions and periodontal attachment loss

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
Sam K. S. Ng
Abstract,,, Background:, Psychological factors may increase the risk for periodontal diseases. Contemporary conceptualization of the stress process supports the evaluation of stress at three levels: stressors, moderating and mediating factors, and stress reactions. Objective:, This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of periodontal disease in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) to psychosocial stress, making reference to the major components of stress process. Methods:, A cross-sectional study of 1000 subjects aged 25,64 years in Hong Kong was conducted. Subjects were asked to complete a set of questionnaires measuring stressors including changes, significant life event and daily strains, stress reactions including physiological and affective responses, and coping and affective dispositions. CAL was assessed. Results:, Individuals with high mean CAL values had higher scores on the job and financial strain scales than periodontally healthy individuals (P < 0.05), after adjusting for age, gender, cigarette smoking and systemic disease. Depression, anxiety trait, depression trait, problem-focused coping, and emotion-focused coping were also related to CAL. Logistic regression analysis indicated that all these factors were significant risk indicators for periodontal attachment loss, except problem-focused coping, which reduced the odds of CAL. Individuals who were high emotion-focused copers, low problem-focused copers, trait anxious, or trait depressive had a higher odds of more severe CAL. Conclusion:, Chronic job and financial strains, depression, inadequate coping, and maladaptive trait dispositions are significant risk indicators for periodontal attachment loss. Adequate coping and adaptive trait dispositions, evidenced as high problem-focused coping and low anxiety/depression trait, may reduce the stress-associated odds. [source]