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Periodontal Tissues (periodontal + tissue)
Terms modified by Periodontal Tissues Selected AbstractsOrthodontic rehabilitation for anterior teeth lost due to trauma with crowding malocclusionDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Masayoshi Kawakami The central incisors were immediately replaced and fixed with application of a semi-rigid splint for 12 days, then endodontically treated. Severe root resorption and degeneration of periodontal tissue were noted after 4 years and the teeth were extracted, while the patient had also developed maxillary protrusion with severe crowding in the lower arch. The treatment objectives were to close the spaces by mesial movement of the buccal segment in the upper arch and eliminate crowding by extraction of the lower bicuspids. Favorable occlusion was achieved as was substitution with the lateral incisors for the lost central teeth. [source] The 3020insC mutation of the NOD2/CARD15 gene in patients with periodontal diseaseEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2004Matthias Folwaczny The 3020insC mutation of the NOD2/CARD15 gene leads to impaired activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- ,B) in vitro. As the destruction of periodontal tissue is mediated via activation of NF- ,B, with subsequent transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, the c-insertion mutation of the NOD2/CARD15 gene might contribute to the proposed genetic background of periodontitis. The present study analysed the frequency of this mutation in 80 patients with chronic periodontal disease and 122 healthy controls. The 3020insC mutation was identified by employing the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The prevalence of the 3020insC mutation of the NOD2/CARD15 protein in patients with periodontitis was 1.9% (three of 160) and that for the control group was 2.0% (five of 244) (P = 0.942). Hence, unlike in Crohn's disease, the 3020insC mutation of the NOD2/CARD15 gene does not seem to influence the pathophysiology of periodontitis. [source] A study to evaluate the relationship between periodontitis, cardiovascular disease and serum lipid levelsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 2 2009R Sridhar Abstract:, Background:, The search for cellular mechanisms linking periodontitis to changes in systemic health has resulted in the evolution of a new area of lipid research. So far the causality and possible pathways of the association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease is obscure. Method:, A total of 120 subjects were included in the study with 30 subjects in each of the following groups: healthy group (A), chronic periodontitis group (B), coronary heart disease (CHD + periodontitis group) (C) and CHD , periodontitis group (D). All subjects underwent oral examination and their Gingival Index, Oral Hygiene Index, Periodontal Disease Index scores and attachment loss were recorded. Two millilitres of fasting venous blood sample was drawn and tested for the level of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride level. Results and Conclusion:, The results revealed no significant difference with respect to the lipid profile levels between the four groups. Interpreting the results of the study, periodontal disease did not cause an increase in total CHL, LDL or triglyceride levels or a decrease in the HDL levels in an otherwise systemically healthy individual or in a CHD patient. Periodontitis in a CHD patient did not seem to exacerbate the destruction of periodontal tissue. Higher triglyceride levels did not have any correlation with the severity of attachment loss in a periodontitis subject. [source] Intentional replantation of an immature permanent lower incisor because of a refractory peri-apical lesion: case report and 5-year follow-upINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2004S. Shintani Summary., We performed an intentional replantation of an immature lower incisor that had a refractory peri-apical lesion. The incisor was extracted and the peri-apical lesion was removed by curettage. The root canal of the tooth was then rapidly irrigated, and filled with a calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste (Vitapex®), after which the tooth was fixed with an arch wire splint. Five years later, no clinical or radiographic abnormalities were found, and the root apex was obturated by an apical bridge formation. A team of two dentists is essential to prevent a prolonged operation time, thus eliminating any of the causes of ankylosis. Furthermore, calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste, along with an arch wire splint retained with composite resin, led to good healing of the periodontal tissue after the intentional replantation. Our results indicate that intentional replantation is a useful method for an immature tooth with refractory peri-apical problems. [source] Dose,response relationship between periodontal inflamed surface area and HbA1c in type 2 DiabeticsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Willem Nesse Abstract Background: A dose,response relationship between the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue and HbA1c level, might be indicative for a causal association between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. Aim: To assess a dose,response relationship between the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), as a measure of the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue, and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetics. Material and Methods: Forty consecutive dentate type 2 diabetics attending their general practitioner for regular check-up, underwent full-mouth probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing assessment. From these data PISA was calculated. HbA1c levels were retrieved from patients' medical files. The dose,response relationship between PISA and HbA1c levels was assessed using multiple linear regression analyses, controlling for factors that might influence PISA or HbA1c levels. Results: The higher the PISA of type 2 diabetics was, the higher their HbA1c levels were. On a group level, an increase of PISA with 333 mm2 was associated with a 1.0 percentage point increase of HbA1c, independent of the influence of other factors. Conclusion: On a group level, there is a dose,response relationship between PISA and HbA1c in type 2 diabetics. This might be an indication of a causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. [source] Periodontal inflamed surface area: quantifying inflammatory burdenJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2008Willem Nesse Abstract Background: Currently, a large variety of classifications is used for periodontitis as a risk factor for other diseases. None of these classifications quantifies the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue, while this information is needed to assess the inflammatory burden posed by periodontitis. Aim: To develop a classification of periodontitis that quantifies the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue, which can be easily and broadly applied. Material and Methods: A literature search was conducted to look for a classification of periodontitis that quantified the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue. A classification that quantified the root surface area affected by attachment loss was found. This classification did not quantify the surface area of inflamed periodontal tissue, however. Therefore, an Excel spreadsheet was developed in which the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) is calculated using clinical Attachment Level (CAL), recessions and bleeding on probing (BOP). Results: The PISA reflects the surface area of bleeding pocket epithelium in square millimetres. The surface area of bleeding pocket epithelium quantifies the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue. A freely downloadable spreadsheet is available to calculate the PISA. Conclusion: PISA quantifies the inflammatory burden posed by periodontitis and can be easily and broadly applied. [source] Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8 and MMP-2) activity in gingival crevicular fluid from children with Down's syndromeJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010T. Yamazaki-Kubota Yamazaki-Kubota T, Miyamoto M, Sano Y, Kusumoto M, Yonezu T, Sugita K, Okuda K, Yakushiji M, Ishihara K. Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8 and MMP-2) activity in gingival crevicular fluid from children with Down's syndrome. J Periodont Res 2010; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01214.x. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:, High levels of colonization by periodontopathic bacteria and a high prevalence of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease have been reported in children with Down's syndrome. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are mediators of extracellular matrix degradation and remodelling, and are deeply involved in the course of periodontal disease. To clarify the relationship between Down's syndrome and periodontitis, we investigated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and detection of periodontopathic bacteria from subgingival plaque. Material and Methods:, Samples of GCF and plaque were isolated from central incisors. Levels of MMPs were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and periodontopathic bacteria were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results:, Levels of MMP-2 and MMP-8 in Down's syndrome patients were higher than those in healthy control subjects. In the Down's syndrome group, increases in these MMPs were observed in GCF from patients with an oral hygiene index score of < 2 and in GCF from sites that were negative for bleeding on probing. The detection rate of periodontopathic bacteria in Down's syndrome patients was higher than that in the control subjects. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in sites harbouring Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans were lower than in those without these microorganisms. Conclusion:, These results suggest an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-8 in Down's syndrome patients, regardless of whether inflammation of periodontal tissue is present or not. [source] Effect of cyclic mechanical loading on osteoclast recruitment in periodontal tissueJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010K. Nozaki Nozaki K, Kaku M, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Miura H. Effect of cyclic mechanical loading on osteoclast recruitment in periodontal tissue. J Periodont Res 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01193.x. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard Background and Objective:, It is well accepted that cyclic mechanical loading induces osteoclastogenesis in periodontal tissue, but its molecular mechanisms are not well understood, in part because of a lack of appropriate models. In this study, we investigated a novel device that allows cyclic mechanical loading to be performed in a well-controlled manner. Furthermore, by employing this model, the effect of cyclic loading on osteoclast recruitment in the periodontal tissue was described. Material and Methods:, By using a newly developed device, the cyclic loading of 20 n (reference loading corresponding to the fracture hardness of dietary pellets) and two excessive loadings (i.e. 30 and 40 n) were applied to maxillary right molars in rats for up to 7 d, and osteoclast recruitment in the periodontal tissue was evaluated by analyzing relevant marker proteins using immunohistochemistry. Results:, Osteoclastogenesis was induced by day 3 within alveolar bone subjected to a compression force of 30 n. With both 30 and 40 n loadings, cells that were positive to for tartrate-resistant acid phosphate, receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B ligand and osteoprotegerin were significantly increased in the alveolar bone/periodontal ligament in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion:, A new device was developed that allows various levels of cyclic mechanical loading to be exerted. By using this device in rats, early events of osteoclast recruitment in the periodontal tissues were observed with excessive loadings in a time-dependent manner, indicating the usefulness of this model. [source] Osteoprotegerin induces osteopontin via syndecan-1 and phosphoinositol 3-kinase/Akt in human periodontal ligament cellsJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 6 2009T. Yongchaitrakul Background and Objective:, Our previous study found that thrombin induced osteoprotegerin synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells. As elevated levels of osteoprotegerin can exert biological effects on various cell types, in the present study we investigated the effect of osteoprotegerin on the expression of osteopontin in human periodontal ligament cells. Material and Methods:, Cultured human periodontal ligament cells were treated with recombinant human osteoprotegerin (0,100 ng/mL) for 24,48 h. The expression of osteopontin mRNA and protein was analyzed using reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Phosphoinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, Akt inhibitor, heparinase, neutralizing antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B ligand (RANKL) and syndecan-1, and small interfering RNA against syndecan-1, were used to determine the mechanism involved. Results:, Osteoprotegerin up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of osteopontin in human periodontal ligament cells in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of neutralizing antibody against RANKL attenuated the inductive effect of osteoprotegerin on osteopontin expression. In addition, the inductive effect of osteoprotegerin was abolished by phosphoinositol 3-kinase and Akt inhibitors, as well as by syndecan-1 antibody or syndecan-1 small interfering RNA. None of the inhibitors had any effect on the background level of osteopontin expression. Conclusion:, An increased level of osteoprotegerin can generate signals via a RANKL/syndecan-1/phosphoinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The results also suggest that osteopontin is one of the downstream targets of the pathway mediated by osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament cells. Thus, in addition to counteracting RANKL in the RANKL,osteoprotegerin system, osteoprotegerin may play a role in periodontal tissue remodeling through modulation of the extracellular matrix. [source] Periodontitis-induced lipid peroxidation in rat descending aorta is involved in the initiation of atherosclerosisJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009D. Ekuni Background and Objective:, Periodontitis is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies indicate that oxidative mechanisms, including lipid peroxidation, are involved not only in periodontitis but also in atherosclerosis. Lipid peroxidation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, particularly during its earliest stages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid peroxidation induced by periodontitis and the initiation of atherosclerosis. Material and Methods:, Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups of eight rats each. Periodontitis was ligature-induced for 4 wk in the experimental group, whereas the control group was left untreated. After the experimental period, the mandibular first molar regions were resected and then subjected to histological analysis and measurement of hexanoyl-lysine expression as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Descending aorta was used for measuring the levels of hexanoyl-lysine, reactive oxygen species and lipid deposits, and for real-time polymerase chain reaction microarray analysis. The level of hexanoyl-lysine was also measured in serum. Results:, In the experimental group, the levels of hexanoyl-lysine in periodontal tissue and serum increased. Only aorta samples in the experimental group showed lipid accumulation, with increased expression of hexanoyl-lysine, reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress-related genes (including nitric oxide synthases 2 and 3), whereas the superoxide dismutase 1 gene level was down-regulated. Conclusion:, In a ligature-induced periodontitis rat model, increased lipid peroxidation was found in serum and aorta as well as in periodontal tissue. Atherosclerosis-related gene expression and histological changes were also stimulated. Periodontitis-induced lipid peroxidation in the aorta may be involved in the early stage of atherosclerosis. [source] Effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on expression of the connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) gene in normal human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cellsJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009H. Takeuchi Background and Objective:, Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) plays an important role in wound healing and regulation of the extracellular matrix in periodontal tissue. However, the functional relationship between altered transforming growth factor-beta1 levels and CCN2/CTGF has not been extensively investigated in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. This study investigated the effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 on the expression of the CCN2/CTGF gene in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Material and Methods:, Cells were isolated from normal periodontal tissues and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimal essential medium/F12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Subconfluent cells were maintained under serum deprivation for 24 h then treated with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimal essential medium/F12 containing 0.5% fetal bovine serum (control) and 0.1, 1, 5 or 10 ng/mL of transforming growth factor-beta1 for 24, 48 or 72 h. The effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 on CCN2/CTGF mRNA expression were measured by reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction. CCN2/CTGF protein was quantitatively analyzed using enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay. Subcellular distribution of CCN2/CTGF protein in both human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells was observed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Results:, In both human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, the expression of CCN2/CTGF mRNA and CCN2/CTGF protein was significantly increased, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta1. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis indicated that immunoreactivity to CCN2/CTGF showed a granular pattern of protein localization. Conclusion:, The expression of CCN2/CTGF mRNA and protein was induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. These results suggest that CCN2/CTGF plays an important role in wound healing and in the regeneration of periodontal tissue. [source] The role of macrophages in the periodontal regeneration using Emdogain® gelJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008N. Fujishiro Background and Objective:, Emdogain® gel is clinically used as a periodontal regenerative material. However, the mechanism of the regeneration has not been completely elucidated. Although many studies have focused on the regenerative effect of Emdogain on connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone, the role of macrophages and the expression of growth factors remains unclear in the regeneration stimulated by Emdogain gel in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Emdogain gel on the expression of cytokines and growth factors by macrophages in vivo using a newly devised rat experimental periodontitis model. Material and Methods:, Rat experimental periodontitis was induced by elevating a full-thickness gingival flap and ligating silk threads around the first molars of the mandible. At 14 d after inducing experimental periodontitis, Emdogain gel or propylene glycol alginate was applied to the furcation area. The rats were killed 7 and 14 d after treatment with propylene glycol alginate or Emdogain gel. The expression of cytokines and growth factors, and the regeneration of periodontal tissue, were examined by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Results:, Fourteen days after the induction of periodontitis, the resorption of alveolar bone at furcation was observed and cytokines such as interleukin-1,, transforming growth factor-,1, receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B and osteoprotegerin were found. In the Emdogain-treatment group, the formation of new acellular cementum and, more remarkably, recovery of the bone, were observed. The new bone formation ratio in the Emdogain treatment group was significantly higher than that of the propylene glycol alginate treatment group. Although the expression of cytokines such as interleukin-1,, transforming growth factor-,1, receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B ligand and receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B was very low, bone morphogenetic protein-2- and bone morphogenetic protein-4-expressing macrophages were observed close to the root, and bone morphogenetic protein-4-expressing macrophages were mainly observed close to the bone surface at the furcation in the Emdogain-treatment group. Conclusion:, These results suggest that wound-healing macrophages may express bone morphogenetic protein and play an important role in the regeneration of periodontal tissue at the furcation following the application of Emdogain gel. [source] In vivo experimental model of human gingival mucosa using immunodeficient miceJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007K. Tsukinoki Background and Objective:, To establish an in vivo experimental model for examining human periodontal tissue, the present study examined several transplant techniques that maintain the structure and characteristics of human gingival mucosa. Material and Methods:, Human oral mucosal tissue samples were collected from the gingiva (n = 11), palate (n = 1), and tongue (n = 3). These mucosal grafts were transplanted onto BALB/c nu/scid mice with double-mutant immunodeficiency. Murine skin, twice the size of the graft, was cut open in an ,,'-shape. Next, the connective tissue side of the graft was placed onto the murine connective tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed, using polyclonal rabbit antibody to involucrin, monoclonal antibody to vimentin, monoclonal antibody to CD34, and monoclonal antibody to Ki-67, to determine whether the characteristics of human oral mucosa were maintained. Results:, When the connective tissue side of the graft was placed on the murine fascial membrane, the histological structure of the graft was maintained for 60 d. These grafts were examined for human characteristics using human-specific antibodies. Immunohistochemically, the expression patterns of involucrin, vimentin, and Ki-67 indicated that transplanted mucosa revealed normal human characteristics, including differentiation and proliferation up to 80 d. CD34 was not detected in the graft endothelial cells. Conclusion:, The present study revealed that the novel technique of transplantation of human gingival mucosa in nu/scid mice may serve as an in vivo experimental model of periodontal disease. [source] Differential expression of periodontal ligament-specific markers and osteogenic differentiation in human papilloma virus 16-immortalized human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cellsJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007S.-H. Pi Background and Objective:, Periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts are important in the remodeling of periodontal tissue, but human papilloma virus (HPV)16-immortalized cell lines derived from human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts has not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to establish and differentially characterize the immortalized cell lines from gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament by HPV16 transfection. Material and Methods:, Cell growth, cell cycle analysis, western blot for cell cycle regulatory proteins and osteogenic differentiation markers, and reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction for periodontal ligament-specific markers were performed. Results:, Both immortalized cell lines (immortalized gingival fibroblasts and immortalized periodontal ligament cells) grew faster than primary cultured gingival fibroblasts or periodontal ligament cells. Immortalized gingival fibroblasts and immortalized periodontal ligament cells overexpressed proteins p16 and p21, and exhibited degradation of proteins pRb and p53, which normally cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M-phase. Western blotting and reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction for periodontal ligament-specific and osteogenic differentiation marker studies demonstrated that a cell line, designated IPDL, mimicked periodontal ligament gene expression for alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, bone morphogenic protein-2, periostin, S-100A4 and PDLs17. Conclusion:, These results indicate that IPDL and immortalized gingival fibroblast cell lines consistently retain normal periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblast phenotypes, respectively, and periodontal ligament markers and osteogenic differentiation in IPDL are distinct from immortalized gingival fibroblast cells. [source] Expression of CD73/ecto-5,-nucleotidase on human gingival fibroblasts and contribution to the inhibition of interleukin-1,-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor productionJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004Eiji Nemoto Background and objectives:, CD73/5,-nucleotidase (5,-NT) is an ectoenzyme that participates in immune/inflammatory reactions. We examined the possible expression of CD73/5,-NT on human gingival fibroblasts (hGF), which are important to the immune/inflammatory system in periodontal tissue. Methods and results:, We demonstrated that CD73/5,-NT was expressed on hGF by flow cytometry. We found that pre-treatment of hGF with 5,-AMP induced marked inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production from hGF upon stimulation with interleukin-1, (IL-1,) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A specific inhibitor of 5,-NT, adenosine 5,-[,,,-methylene] diphosphate blocked the inhibition of GM-CSF production, suggesting that adenosine converted from 5,-AMP acts on the inhibitory effects. The GM-CSF inhibition suggested that A3 receptor might be involved. The rank order of agonists was found to be (N6 -benzyl-5,- N -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) A3 receptor agonist , (2-chloroadenosine) non-selective agonist > (CGS-21680) A2A receptor agonist > adenosine , (N6 -cyclohexyladenosine) A1 agonist. Further support for the main role of A3 receptor was the binding A3 antagonist [9-chloro-2-(2-furanyl)-5-([phenylacetyl]amino)[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5- c]quinazdine] reversed the effect of adenosine, but no significant reverse was observed by A1 (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine), A2 [3,7-dimethyl-1-(2-propargyl)xanthine], A2A[8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine], and A2B (alloxazine) antagonists. The CD73/5,-NT expression was increased upon stimulation with gamma-interferon, but not other stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli, and fimbriae from P. gingivalis, and this increase was correlated with the enhanced GM-CSF inhibition by 5,-AMP but not adenosine. Conclusions:, These findings suggested that CD73/5,-NT on hGF exerts an anti-inflammatory effects in periodontal disease by conversion from 5,-AMP to adenosine. [source] Effects and distribution of the enamel matrix derivative Emdogain® in the periodontal tissues of rat molars transplanted to the abdominal wallDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Yoshioki Hamamoto Abstract , The enamel matrix derivative Emdogain® (EMD) has been found to promote regeneration of lost periodontal tissues. We have studied the effects and distribution of EMD in the periodontal tissues of maxillary rat molars transplanted to a subcutaneous position in the abdominal wall. The molars were transplanted with or without EMD either immediately after extraction or after drying for 30 min. After 2 days, 1, 2 or 4 weeks the rats were killed and the teeth were examined by means of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry with anti-amelogenin antibodies. Teeth transplanted immediately after extraction showed formation of alveolar bone separated from the dental roots by a periodontal space, regardless of the use of EMD. Among the teeth that were transplanted with EMD after drying for 30 min, new alveolar bone was formed in five out of eight teeth after 2 and 4 weeks. None of the teeth that were dried for 30 min and transplanted without EMD showed alveolar bone formation. Only one tooth transplanted with EMD showed root resorption after drying, while resorption was noted in all teeth transplanted without EMD. All teeth that were transplanted with EMD and none of the teeth that were transplanted without EMD showed an immunohistochemical reaction for amelogenin. After 2 days, amelogenin was precipitated on all surfaces exposed at the transplantation procedure. Later, the immunoreactive material was redistributed to cells at the root surface, where it was still demonstrable after 4 weeks. In conclusion, EMD is accumulated in cells at the root surface and promotes regeneration of the periodontal tissues of the transplanted teeth. It also seems to promote healing of root resorption. [source] The oral health consequences of chewing areca nutADDICTION BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2002C. R. Trivedy Its effects on dental caries and periodontal tissues, two major oral diseases, are less well researched. Areca-induced lichenoid lesions mainly on buccal mucosa or tongue are reported at quid retained sites. In chronic chewers a condition known as betel chewer's mucosa, a discoloured areca nut-encrusted change, is often found where the quid particles are retained. Areca nut chewing is implicated in oral leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis, both of which are potentially malignant in the oral cavity. Oral cancer often arises from such precancerous changes in Asian populations. In 1985 the International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that there is limited evidence to conclude that areca chewing may directly lead to oral cancer. There is, however, new information linking oral cancer to pan chewing without tobacco, suggesting a strong cancer risk associated with this habit. Public health measures to quit areca use are recommended to control disabling conditions such as submucous fibrosis and oral cancer among Asian populations. [source] Elevated levels of collagen cross-link residues in gingival tissues and crevicular fluid of teeth with periodontal diseaseEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2003Søren Jepsen Lysylpyridinoline (LP) and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) are collagen cross-link residues. Lysylpyridinoline is present in most tissues, whereas LP is present mainly in mineralized tissue. Both are elevated in tissue with increased collagen resorption. The purpose of this investigation was to assess if the concentrations of LP and HP are elevated in gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of teeth with advanced periodontitis (AP). We investigated human gingival biopsies of healthy teeth (n = 19) and teeth with AP (n = 43) in 49 individuals. Samples of GCF from 54 teeth with AP were collected in seven patients and compared with samples from 11 patients with experimentally induced gingivitis. Levels of LP and HP were measured by HPLC and fluorescence detection. Gingival concentrations of HP but not LP around teeth with advanced periodontitis were significantly elevated compared with teeth with healthy periodontium. While significant amounts of HP and LP were measurable in the GCF of teeth with AP, no HP and LP was identified 3 months following non-surgical periodontal therapy of the teeth or in fluid from teeth subjected to experimentally induced gingivitis. Elevated concentrations of HP and LP in GCF may serve as indicators of ongoing destruction of periodontal tissues and alveolar bone in advanced periodontitis. [source] The effect of the renewal of calcium hydroxide paste on the apexification and periapical healing of teeth with incomplete root formationINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 7 2005M. C. S. Felippe Abstract Aim, To evaluate the influence of renewing calcium hydroxide paste on apexification and periapical healing of teeth in dogs with incomplete root formation and previously contaminated canals. Methodology, Forty premolars from four 6-month-old dogs were used. After access to the root canals and complete removal of the pulp, the canal systems remained exposed to the oral environment for 2 weeks. Canal preparation was then carried out using Hedströem files, under irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite, 1 mm short of the radiographic apex. After drying, the canals of one premolar in each dog were left empty (group 4-control), and those of the other nine teeth in each animal were filled with a calcium hydroxide-propylene glycol paste. All teeth were restored with reinforced zinc oxide cement (IRM) or IRM and amalgam (group 4). The paste was renewed and the teeth restored again 1 week later. Then, the nine teeth in each animal were divided into three experimental groups: group 1 , paste not changed; group 2 , paste renewed every 4 weeks for 5 months; and group 3 , paste renewed after 3 months had elapsed. The teeth were restored with IRM and amalgam (groups 1 and 3) or IRM (group 2). The animals were killed 5 months later, and blocks of the teeth and surrounding tissues were submitted to histological processing. The sections were studied to evaluate six parameters: apical calcified tissue barrier, inflammatory reaction, bone and root resorption, paste extrusion and microorganisms. Results of experimental groups were analysed by Kruskal,Wallis nonparametric tests and by the test of proportions. The critical value of statistical significance was 5%. Results, Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in relation to the presence of bone resorption and paste in the periradicular area, the formation of a calcified tissue barrier at the apex, and the intensity of the apical inflammatory reaction. Bone resorption was more evident in group 1 (medicament not changed), and the presence of paste in the periodontal tissues was more common in groups 2 and 3. Renewal of the paste reduced the intensity of the inflammatory reaction (groups 2 and 3), but the formation of apical calcified tissue was more noticeable in the teeth where the paste had not been renewed. Conclusions, Replacement of calcium hydroxide paste was not necessary for apexification to occur, however, it did reduce significantly the intensity of the inflammatory process. Monthly renewal of calcium hydroxide paste reduced significantly the occurrence of apexification. [source] Smoking, periodontal disease and the role of the dental professionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 2 2004KK Hilgers Abstract:, Epidemiological investigations support a firm relationship between smoking and periodontal disease. The likely benefits of smoking cessation programmes are considerable for periodontal disease, cancers and nearly all chronic systemic diseases. The mechanisms by which smoking may influence the development and progression of periodontal disease are as yet unclear, but may include changes in the vasculature, the immune and inflammatory systems, tissue oxygenation and the healing processes. Unfortunately, although dental professionals have more opportunities to encourage smokers to quit (most people visit their dentist more frequently than their doctor), dentists claim that they are not well informed on this subject. The purpose of this review is to describe the evidence for a link between smoking and periodontal disease, the possible pathology induced by smoking on the periodontal tissues and its impact on therapy, and to outline the smoking cessation techniques that are currently available. [source] Serum levels of interleukin-10 and tumour necrosis factor- , in chronic periodontitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2010Anna Passoja Passoja A, Puijola I, Knuuttila M, Niemelä O, Karttunen R, Raunio T, Tervonen T. Serum levels of interleukin-10 and tumour necrosis factor- , in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 881,887. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01602.x Abstract Aims: To investigate, using a cross-sectional study design, whether the extent of periodontal inflammation associates with the serum levels of cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)- , and their ratio. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 61 subjects with chronic periodontitis and 30 control subjects with minimally inflamed periodontal tissues. Probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal attachment level (AL) were measured. The serum IL-10 (pg/ml) and TNF- , (U/l) levels were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. After categorization of the subjects, associations between serum IL-10 and TNF- , levels and the extent of periodontal inflammation were studied using linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, body mass index and smoking. Results: A negative, partly dose-dependent association existed between the extent of BOP, PD4 mm and AL4 mm and serum IL-10 level. The subjects in the periodontitis group presented significantly higher serum TNF- , levels and their TNF- ,/IL-10 ratio was approximately threefold when compared with the ratio in the control group. Conclusions: The significantly higher serum TNF- ,/IL-10 ratio in the subjects with chronic periodontitis when compared with the ratio in the controls is indicative of a stronger systemic pro-inflammatory state in chronic periodontitis. [source] Investigation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 ,1607 1G/2G polymorphism in a Turkish population with periodontitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 12 2008Kemal Ustun Abstract Aim: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is a proteolytic enzyme that degrades extracellular matrix and plays a fundamental role during destruction of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the association between MMP-1 ,1607 1G/2G polymorphism and chronic periodontitis susceptibility in a Turkish population. Material and Methods: A total of 180 subjects were enrolled in this study. All the subjects received a periodontal examination including full-mouth clinical attachment loss measurements, probing depths, plaque index scores, gingival index scores and radiographic bone loss ratios. Three groups formed according to periodontal conditions were healthy, moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis groups. MMP-1 ,1607 1G/2G gene promoter polymorphism was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: Analysis of the polymorphism showed no differences in distribution of the MMP-1 ,1607 1G/2G polymorphism among healthy, moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis groups (p>0.05). When the groups were further stratified by smoking status, we found no significant differences in genotype distributions, allele frequencies and carriage rates among any groups either (p>0.05). Conclusions: On the basis of the results, no significant association is found for the MMP-1 ,1607 1G/2G polymorphism with susceptibility to periodontitis. Moreover, smoking status did not seem to affect this result. [source] Genetic polymorphisms in the MMP-1 and MMP-3 gene may contribute to chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian populationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2006Claudia Maria Astolfi Abstract Objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 (MMP-1, MMP-3) represent proteinases that degrade macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. These enzymes play a fundamental role during destruction of periodontal tissues. Genetic polymorphisms were characterized in the promoter region of the MMP-1 and MMP-3 genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these genetic variations with chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population. Material and Methods: Non-smoking subjects (n=114) exhibiting sites 5 mm clinical attachment loss were recruited for study. Control subjects (n=109) should not exhibit clinical signals of periodontitis. MMP-1 (,1607 1G/2G, ,519 A/G) and MMP-3 (,1612 5A/6A) gene promoter polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-RFLP methods. Results: Analysis of polymorphisms showed no differences in distribution of the ,1607 1G/2G and ,519 A/G variants in the MMP-1 gene between the healthy and periodontitis group (p>0.05). However, the distribution of genotype frequencies of the ,1612 5A/6A polymorphism in the MMP-3 gene showed that the 5A/5A genotype was significantly more frequent in the periodontitis group (p=0.008). The same was not observed in the 5A/6A genotype once only one 5A allele is carried. We also observed a trend to increase the frequency of the MMP-1/MMP-3 haplotype (2G/5A) in the periodontitis group (p=0.08). Conclusion: On the basis of the results, no significant association is found for the MMP-1 polymorphisms with susceptibility of periodontitis, while the MMP-3 gene polymorphism may contribute to periodontal tissue destruction during periodontitis in Brazilian subjects. [source] Orthodontic movement after periodontal regeneration of class II furcation: a pilot study in dogsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Vanessa Camila Da Silva Abstract Purpose: The effect of orthodontic movement on the periodontal tissues of maxillary second pre-molars, after regenerative treatment for class II furcations, was evaluated in four mongrel dogs. Material and Methods: Class II furcation lesions were created. After 75 days they were treated with bovine bone mineral matrix and guided tissue regeneration with absorbable membrane. After 2 months of daily plaque control, each of the dog's furcation pre-molars was randomly assigned to a test or control group. Orthodontic appliances were placed on both sides of the maxilla using third pre-molars and canines as anchorages. In the test group, bodily orthodontic movement of the second pre-molars was performed in the mesial direction for 3 months while control pre-molars remained unmoved. The dogs were sacrificed for histometric and histologic analyses. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in total bone and biomaterial areas or linear extension of periodontal regeneration on the radicular surfaces. In the test group, however, there was a tendency to a greater quantity of bone and a lesser quantity of biomaterial. Conclusion: The orthodontic movement was not pre-judicial to the results obtained with the regenerative periodontal treatment. [source] Evaluation of the relationship between smoking during pregnancy and subgingival microbiotaJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Nurcan Buduneli Abstract Background: Numerous studies have shown that smoking negatively affects periodontal health. Hormonal changes, which occur during pregnancy have also been reported to have adverse effects on the periodontal tissues or indirectly through alterations in the subgingival bacterial flora. At present, no knowledge exists concerning possible effects of smoking on the composition of subgingival plaque in pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the subgingival plaque bacteria most commonly associated with periodontal disease. Methods: A total number of 181 women were examined within 72 h post-partum. Smoking status was recorded by means of a self-reported questionnaire and the study population was divided into three groups; non-smokers, light smokers, and heavy smokers. In each woman, two subgingival plaque samples were obtained from mesio- or disto-buccal aspect of randomly selected one molar and one incisor tooth by sterile paperpoints. Clinical periodontal recordings comprising presence of dental plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were performed at six sites per each tooth at all teeth. Plaque samples were analysed by checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization with respect to 12 bacterial species. In all analyses, the individual subject was the computational unit. Thus, mean values for all clinical parameters were calculated and bacterial scores from each individual sample were averaged. Statistical methods included ,2 test, Kruskal,Wallis test and Mann,Whitney U -test. Results: Mean ages were similar in the study groups. Plaque, BOP and PPD recordings were lower in the heavy-smoker group, but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The detection rates and bacterial loads of the specific subgingival bacteria exhibited no significant differences between the groups. No correlation could be found between smoking status and detection rates and bacterial loads of various bacterial species. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that smoking during pregnancy does not have a significant effect on the composition of subgingival plaque bacteria. [source] Influence of sex hormones on the periodontiumJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003Paulo Mascarenhas Abstract Objectives: Sex hormones have long been considered to play an influential role on periodontal tissues, bone turnover rate, wound healing and periodontal disease progression. The objectives of this review article are to (1) address the link between sex hormones and the periodontium, (2) analyse how these hormones influence the periodontium at different life times and (3) discuss the effects of hormone supplements/replacement on the periodontium. Materials and Methods: Two autonomous searches were performed in English language utilizing Medline, Premedline and Pubmed as the online databases. Publications up to 2002 were selected and further reviewed. In addition, a manual search was also performed including specific related journals and books. Results: It is certain that sexual hormones play a key role in periodontal disease progression and wound healing. More specifically, these effects seem to differentiate by gender as well as lifetime period. In addition, the influence of sex hormones can be minimized with good plaque control and with hormone replacement. Conclusion: Despite profound research linking periodontal condition with sex hormones kinetics, more definitive molecular mechanisms and therapy still remain to be determined. Zusammenfassung Männliche und weibliche Sexualhormone wurden schon lange einen wichtigen Einfluss auf das parodontale Gewebe, die Knochenumsatzrate, die Wundheilung und die parodontale Erkrankungsprogression ausübend betrachtet. Der Einfluss dieser Hormone auf das Parodontium unterscheidet sich zu verschiedenen physiologischen Phasen (z.B. Pubertät, Schwangerschaft, post Menopause) und mit der Einnahme von Pharmaka (z.B. Antikonzeptiva, Hormonsubstitution). Deshalb ist der Zweck dieses Reviewartikels (1) die Beziehung zwischen Sexualhormonen und dem Parodontium zu beschreiben, (2) die Analyse des Einflusses dieser Hormone auf das Parodontium zu unterschiedlichen Lebenszeiten und (3) die Effekte von Hormonunterstützung/substitution auf das Parodontium zu diskutieren. Résumé On a longtemps considéré que les hormones sexuelles, aussi bien masculines que féminines, jouaient un rôle important sur les tissus parodontaux, le taux de remaniement osseux, la cicatrisation et la progression de la maladie parodontale. L'influence de ces hormones sur le parodonte est différente en fonction des divers conditions physiologiques (par exemple, la puberté, la grossesse, et après la ménopause) et les prises de médicaments (par exemple, la pillule contraceptive et les traitements hormonaux de substitution). Aussi, cette revue critique de la littérature se propose (1) de faire le point sur les liens entre les hormones sexuelles et le parodonte (2) d' analyser la façon dont ces hormones influencent le parodonte lors des différentes étapes de la vie, et (3) discuter les effets des hormones de substitution sur le parodonte. [source] Pathologic interactions in pulpal and periodontal tissuesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2002M. Zehnder Abstract Both endodontic and periodontal disease are caused by a mixed anaerobic infection. The pathways for the spread of bacteria between pulpal and periodontal tissues have been discussed with controversy. This article is an attempt to provide a rational approach to the perio-endo/endo-perio question based on a review of the relevant literature. In the light of evidence, clinical concepts for the diagnosis and treatment of lesions involving both periodontal and pulpal tissues are discussed. Zusammenfassung Pathologische Interaktionen bei pulpalen und parodontalen Geweben Sowohl die endodontalen als auch parodontalen Erkrankungen sind durch eine gemischte anaerobe Infektion verursacht. Die pathogenetischen Muster für die Ausbreitung der Bakterien zwischen pulpalen und parodontalen Geweben sind kontrovers diskutiert worden. Dieser Artikel ist ein Versuch für einen rationalen Ansatz zu den paro-endo bzw. endo-paro Fragen, basierend auf einer Übersicht der relevanten Literatur. Im Blick der Evidence werden die klinischen Konzepte für die Diagnose und Therapie der Läsionen, die sowohl parodontale als auch pulpale Gewebe einbeziehen, diskutiert. Résumé Interactions pathologiques entre les tissus pulpaires et parodontaux. Les maladies endodontiques et parodontales sont toutes deux causes par une infection mixte anaérobique. Les voies de dissémination des bactéries entre les tissus pulpaires et parodontaux ont été discutée avec controverse. Cet article est une tentative d'apporter une approche rationnelle à la question paro-endo/endo-paro à partir d'une revue critique de la littérature appropriée. A la lumière des preuves, des concepts cliniques pour le diagnostic et le traitement des lésions impliquant à la fois les tissus parodontaux et pulpaires sont discutés. [source] PMN responses in chronic periodontal disease: evaluation by gingival crevicular fluid enzymes and elastase-alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor complexJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Rainer Buchmann Abstract Objectives: In the present trial, the hypothesis was examined that the local PMN responses in untreated and treated chronic periodontitis can be differentiated by gingival crevicular fluid lysosomal enzyme activities and elastase-alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor complex. Methods: In nine subjects (average age 49.2 ± 7.1 years) with chronic periodontitis, clinical parameters and markers of the PMN-derived inflammatory tissue response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed before and 6 months after surgical periodontal therapy. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase (beta-NAH) and cathepsin D (CD) were analyzed as indicators of the PMN-associated host tissue destruction, and elastase-alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor complex (alpha-1-EPI) as the major serum protein inactivating PMN elastase. The total activities of the lysosomal enzymes MPO and beta-NAH were evaluated spectrophotometrically, the CD levels by liquid scintillation counting with [14C] hemoglobin as substrate, and the total alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor complex using a sandwich-immunoassay. Results: The clinical parameters revealed a statistical significant decrease at the 6-month reexamination. PD levels dropped from 5.40 to 2.88 mm (change 2.52 ± 1.04 mm), the CAL scores from 6.67 to 4.43 mm (change 2.24 ± 0.77 mm). The 30 s GCF volumes dropped from 129.8 to 68.6, displaying a change of 61.1 ± 18.6, p , 0.05. The decrease in total MPO, beta-NAH and CD levels (medians: 1.7/0.6 µU MPO, 0.035/0.020 µU beta-NAH, 1.3/0.5 ng CD) following therapy was associated with a significant drop in total GCF amounts of alpha-1-EPI from 76.3 ng at baseline to 52.4 ng after 6 months. Conclusion: The clinical healing in chronic periodontal disease is associated with a downregulation of the local PMN responses following periodontal therapy. The reorganization of periodontal tissues is characterized by a decrease of lysosomal enzyme activities and the alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor complex in gingival crevicular fluid. [source] Interleukin-1 gene polymorphism and periodontal statusJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 5 2001A case-control study Abstract Objectives: This case-control study examined polymorphisms at the interleukin-1 gene in relation to periodontal status, subgingival bacteria and systemic antibodies to periodontal microbiota. Methods: 132 periodontitis patients were age- and gender-matched with 73 periodontally intact controls. Full-mouth clinical assessments of the periodontal tissues were performed. Subgingival plaque samples (2440 in total) were analyzed by genomic DNA probes, and serum IgG antibodies to periodontal microbiota were assessed by an immunoassay. Polymorphisms in the IL-1A gene at position +4845 and the IL-1B gene at position +3953 were studied by PCR. A composite positive genotype was defined as at least one rare (#2) allele present at each locus. Results: No skewed distribution of the composite genotype was observed between cases and controls (45.2% vs 41.7%). In cases, both the composite genotype and the number of #2 alleles were positively correlated with the severity of attachment loss. No relationship between genotype and subgingival microbial profiles was observed. Genotype positive patients revealed both overall lower serum antibody levels and specific titers against selected bacteria. Conclusions: The composite genotype failed to distinguish between periodontitis patients and controls but correlated in patients with the severity of the disease and the antibody responses to periodontal microbiota. Zusammenfassung Grundlagen: Diese Fall-kontrollierte Studie prüfte die Polymorphismen am Interleukin-1 Gen in Beziehung zum parodontalen Status, subgingivalen Bakterien und systemischen Antikörpern zu parodontalen Mikroorganismen. Methoden: 132 Parodontitis-Patienten wurden nach Alter und Geschlecht mit 73 parodontal gesunden Kontrollen gemischt. Eine vollständige klinische Überprüfung des parodontalen Gewebes wurde durchgeführt. Subgingivale Plaqueproben (insgesamt 2440) wurden mit Genom DNA Testen analysiert, und die Serum IgG Antikörper zu parodontalen Bakterien wurden mit einem Immunoassay bestimmt. Die Polymorphismen am IL-1A Gen an den Stellen +4845 und am IL-1B Gen an der Positon +3953 wurden mittels PCR überprüft. Ein zusammengefaßter positiver Genotyp wurde so definiert, daß mindestens ein seltenes Allel (#2) an jeder Position vorhanden war. Ergebnisse: Es wurde keine schiefe Verteilung der zusammengefaßten Genotypen zwischen den Probanden und den Kontrollen (45.2% versus 41.7%) beobachtet. Bei den Probanden waren sowohl der zusammengefaßte Genotyp als auch die Anzahl der #2 Allele positiv mit dem Ausmaß des Stützgewebeverlustes korreliert. Zwischen den Genotypen und den subgingivalen Bakterienprofilen wurden keine Beziehungen gefunden. Genotyp positive Patienten zeigten sowohl allgemein niedrigere Serumantikörperlevel als auch spezifischen Titer gegen die selektierten Bakterien. Zusammenfassung: Der zusammengefaßte Genotyp untereschied sich nicht zwischen den Parodontitis-Patienten und den Kontrollen, aber korrelierte bei den Patienten mit der Schwere der Erkrankung und der Antikörperantwort auf parodontalen Bakterien. Résumé Cette étude a examiné les polymorphismes du gène Interleukine-1 (IL-1) en relation avec l'état parodontal, les bactéries sous-gingivales et les anticorps systémiques aux bactéries parodontales. 132 patients avec parodontite d'âge et de sexe similaires aux 73 contrôles sans problèmes parodontaux ont été recrutés. Les analyses clinique des tissus parodontaux de toute la bouche ont été effectuées. Des échantillons de plaque dentaire sous-gingivale (2220 au total) ont été analysés par des sondes ADN génomiques et des anticorps IgG sériques aux bactéries parodontales ont été analysés par immuno-essais. Les polymorphismes de IL-1A à la position +4845 et de IL-1B à la position +3953 ont étéétudiés par une réaction de la chaîne polymérase (PCR). Un génotype composite positif était défini comme un rare (#2) allèle présent à chaque endroit. Aucune répartition spéciale du génotype composite n'a été observée entre les cas et les contrôles (45.2% versus 42%). Chez les personnes présentant des cas tant le génotype composite que le nombre d'allèle #2 étaient en relation positive avec la sévérité de la perte d'attache. Aucune relation entre le génotype et les profils microbient sous-gingivaux n'a été mise en évidence. Les patients positifs aux génotypes possédaient des niveaux d'anticorps sériques et des titres spécifiques inférieurs contre des bactéries sélectionnées. Le génotype composite ne permet pas la distinction entre les patients avec parodontite et les contrôles, mais est en corrélation chez les patients avec la sévérité de la maladie et les résponses de l'anticorps à la flore parodontale. [source] Palatal radicular multigrooves associated with severe periodontal defects in maxillary central incisorsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Koichi Nanba Abstract Background: This case report describes a rare condition of palatal radicular multigrooves on teeth 11 and 21 with severe periodontal defects and the findings at 3-year follow-up. Method: Radiculoplasty using hand curettes and rotary burs were used to remove the multigrooves on the root surfaces and change the wrinkled root form to the relatively flat and smooth normal root morphology. Minor tooth movement and frenotomy were performed for a diastema between teeth 11 and 21. Supportive periodontal therapy started immediately after completion of the active treatment. Results: Improved healthy periodontal tissues and adequate plaque control have been maintained. Zusammenfassung Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt das seltene Phänomen multipler palatinaler Wurzelfurchen an den Zähnen 11 und 21 bei einer 41-jährigen Japanerin in Assoziation mit schweren parodontalen Defekten und berichtet die Beobachtungen einer Verlaufskontrolle über 3 Jahre. Die Furchen wurden im Sinne einer Odontoplastik mit Handküretten und rotierenden Instrumenten entfernt und so die zerklüftete Wurzeloberfläche in eine glatte normale Wurzelmorphologie überführt. Geringfügige Zahnbewegungen und eine Frenektomie wurden zur Behandlung des Diastemas durchgeführt. Unmittelbar nach Abschluß der aktiven Therapie wurde die unterstützende Nachsorge begonnen. Ein verbesserter parodontaler Zustand und adäquate Plaquekontrolle haben seither aufrechterhalten werden können. Résumé Ce rapport de cas montre une rare présence de sillons radiculaires palatins multiples sur les dent 11 et 21 avec des lésions parodontales sévères et les résultats sur un suivi de 3 ans. Une radiculoplastie fut réalisée à l'aide de curettes à mains et de fraises rotatives pour éliminer les sillons radiculaires multiples et modifier la forme plissée de la racine en une morphologie radiculaire plate et lisse relativement normale. Des mouvements dentaires mineurs et une frénotomie ont été réalisés à cause d'un diastème entre 11 et 21. Le traitement parodontal de soutien a commencé immédiatement après l'achèvement du traitement actif. Des tissus parodontaux sains améliorés et un contrôle de plaque adéquat ont été maintenus. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||