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Periodontal Disease Progression (periodontal + disease_progression)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Periodontology	80%
General Dentistry	13%

Selected Abstracts

Tooth-related risk factors for periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly people

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
Toshinobu Hirotomi
Hirotomi T, Yoshihara A, Ogawa H, Miyazaki H. Tooth-related risk factors for periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly people. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 494,500. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01565.x. Abstract Objective: While most previous epidemiological studies have focused on subject-level risk factors for periodontal destruction, tooth-related factors have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both tooth-related and subject-related factors affecting periodontal disease progression using a two-level multilevel model. Material and Methods: A longitudinal survey over a period of 10 years was carried out on 286 community-dwelling elderly subjects aged 70 years at baseline. Clinical attachment level (CAL) was measured at six sites per tooth on all teeth present and periodontal disease progression was defined as CAL3 mm. Results: Periodontal disease progression was found in 79% of the subjects and most frequently in maxillary molars. Multilevel logistic regressions revealed that subjects wearing removable dentures were significantly at risk for periodontal disease progression. Abutment teeth for removable/fixed dentures were also significantly more likely to suffer periodontal breakdown. Furthermore, the following tooth-related variables were found to be possible risk factors for periodontal disease progression: maxillary and multirooted teeth. Conclusion: Multirooted teeth and abutments for a fixed denture were possible risk factors for periodontal disease progression. [source]

Periodontal disease progression and glycaemic control among Gullah African Americans with type-2 diabetes

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
Bandyopadhyay D, Marlow NM, Fernandes JK, Leite RS: Periodontal disease progression and glycaemic control among Gullah African Americans with type-2 diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 501,509. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01564.x. Abstract Aim: To evaluate associations between glycaemic control and periodontitis progression among Gullah African Americans with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: From an ongoing clinical trial among T2DM Gullah, we extracted a cohort previously in a cross-sectional study (N=88). Time from baseline (previous study) to follow-up (trial enrollment, before treatment interventions) ranged 1.93,4.08 years [mean=2.99, standard deviation (SD)=0.36]. We evaluated tooth site-level periodontitis progression [clinical attachment loss (CAL) worsening of 2 mm, periodontal probing depth (PPD) increases of 2 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) from none to present] by glycaemic control status (well-controlled=HbA1c<7%, poorly-controlled=HbA1c7%) using multivariable generalized estimating equations logistic regression, nesting tooth sites/person. Results: Poorly-controlled T2DM (68.18%) was more prevalent than well-controlled T2DM (31.82%). Proportions of tooth sites/person with CAL progression between baseline and follow-up ranged 0.00,0.59 (mean=0.12, SD=0.12), while PPD and BOP progression ranged 0.00,0.44 (mean=0.09, SD=0.11) and 0.00,0.96 (mean=0.24, SD=0.18), respectively. Site-level PPD at baseline was a significant effect modifier of associations between poorly-controlled T2DM and site-level CAL and PPD progression [adjusted odds ratios (OR) according to poorly-controlled T2DM among PPD at baseline=3, 5 and 7 mm, respectively: CAL progression=1.93, 2.64, and 3.62, PPD progression=1.98, 2.76, and 3.84; p<0.05 for all]. Odds of site-level BOP progression were increased (OR=1.24) for poorly-controlled T2DM, yet the results were not significant (p=0.32). Conclusions: These findings from a distinct, homogenous population further support the clinical relevance of identifying patients with poor glycaemic control and periodontitis, particularly among those with disparities for both diseases. [source]

Tooth-related risk factors for periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly people

Longitudinal study on the relationship between serum albumin and periodontal disease

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
Masanori Iwasaki
Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and the general health status in community-dwelling elderly using the serum albumin concentration as a criterion index of the severity of underlying disease and nutrition. Material and Methods: Six hundred subjects aged 70 years underwent a baseline examination. Dental examinations were carried out at baseline and once a year for 4 years. Periodontal conditions were estimated for subjects with at least one remaining tooth. Clinical attachment levels at six sites of all teeth present were measured. A change in loss of attachment of 3 mm or greater in 1 year at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression. Data were analysed in subjects for whom data were available for 4 years. Results: Serum albumin concentration at baseline ranged from 3.4 to 5.0 g/dl with a mean of 4.3±0.2. When the analysis was stratified by smoking status, we found that serum albumin concentration had a significant effect on periodontal disease progression among non-smokers (standardized regression coefficient=,0.16; p=0.017), using multiple regression analysis. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that serum albumin concentration is a significant risk predictor of periodontal disease progression among elderly non-smokers. [source]

Influence of sex hormones on the periodontium

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003
Paulo Mascarenhas
Abstract Objectives: Sex hormones have long been considered to play an influential role on periodontal tissues, bone turnover rate, wound healing and periodontal disease progression. The objectives of this review article are to (1) address the link between sex hormones and the periodontium, (2) analyse how these hormones influence the periodontium at different life times and (3) discuss the effects of hormone supplements/replacement on the periodontium. Materials and Methods: Two autonomous searches were performed in English language utilizing Medline, Premedline and Pubmed as the online databases. Publications up to 2002 were selected and further reviewed. In addition, a manual search was also performed including specific related journals and books. Results: It is certain that sexual hormones play a key role in periodontal disease progression and wound healing. More specifically, these effects seem to differentiate by gender as well as lifetime period. In addition, the influence of sex hormones can be minimized with good plaque control and with hormone replacement. Conclusion: Despite profound research linking periodontal condition with sex hormones kinetics, more definitive molecular mechanisms and therapy still remain to be determined. Zusammenfassung Männliche und weibliche Sexualhormone wurden schon lange einen wichtigen Einfluss auf das parodontale Gewebe, die Knochenumsatzrate, die Wundheilung und die parodontale Erkrankungsprogression ausübend betrachtet. Der Einfluss dieser Hormone auf das Parodontium unterscheidet sich zu verschiedenen physiologischen Phasen (z.B. Pubertät, Schwangerschaft, post Menopause) und mit der Einnahme von Pharmaka (z.B. Antikonzeptiva, Hormonsubstitution). Deshalb ist der Zweck dieses Reviewartikels (1) die Beziehung zwischen Sexualhormonen und dem Parodontium zu beschreiben, (2) die Analyse des Einflusses dieser Hormone auf das Parodontium zu unterschiedlichen Lebenszeiten und (3) die Effekte von Hormonunterstützung/substitution auf das Parodontium zu diskutieren. Résumé On a longtemps considéré que les hormones sexuelles, aussi bien masculines que féminines, jouaient un rôle important sur les tissus parodontaux, le taux de remaniement osseux, la cicatrisation et la progression de la maladie parodontale. L'influence de ces hormones sur le parodonte est différente en fonction des divers conditions physiologiques (par exemple, la puberté, la grossesse, et après la ménopause) et les prises de médicaments (par exemple, la pillule contraceptive et les traitements hormonaux de substitution). Aussi, cette revue critique de la littérature se propose (1) de faire le point sur les liens entre les hormones sexuelles et le parodonte (2) d' analyser la façon dont ces hormones influencent le parodonte lors des différentes étapes de la vie, et (3) discuter les effets des hormones de substitution sur le parodonte. [source]

Risk factors for periodontal disease progression among elderly people

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2002
Hiroshi Ogawa
Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for periodontal disease progression by individual characteristics at baseline among elderly people over a 2-year period. Subjects were selected from 4542 people aged 70 years residing in Niigata who were in good general health and who did not require special care for their daily activities. Gender, smoking and alcohol drinking habits were obtained using a questionnaire, while serum levels of disease markers were investigated and attachment levels were clinically recorded. For the assessment of periodontal disease progression, additional attachment loss was used if one or more sites had a 3-mm or more increase in probing attachment level over a 2-year period. In all, 394 subjects (208 males and 186 females) were surveyed. Approximately 75% of subjects exhibited additional attachment loss over a 2-year period. Significant associations were found between additional attachment loss and smoking, and attachment level of 6 mm or more at baseline, with odds ratios of 3.75 and 2.29, respectively. Smoking habit and baseline attachment level of 6 mm or more may be considered risk factors for further attachment loss among healthy elderly people. [source]

Clinical course of chronic periodontitis: effect of lifelong light smoking (20 years) on loss of attachment and teeth

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2010
Marc Schätzle
Abstract Aim:, To examine the lifelong effect of light smoking on periodontal health. Methods:, The data were derived from a 20-year longitudinal study of a group of Norwegian, middle-class males. The patients were subset according to their smoking history. A total of 119 non-smokers and 17 smokers were examined, 20 years apart. Results:, Current smokers had significantly higher plaque indices than non-smokers after the age of 35 years, while before 35 years, there was no difference. Before 20 years of age, the non-smokers exhibited greater gingival indices, but after the age of 35, the smokers had significantly more sites that bled upon probing. Smokers demonstrated higher mean calculus indices after 35 years and as they approached 50 years of age. At baseline, the two groups showed similar attachment loss (0.14 mm), but with increasing age and approaching 50 years, the attachment loss progressed significantly faster in smokers than in non-smokers (2.31 and 1.57 mm, respectively). Linear regression indicated that ageing and light smoking were independently and significantly related to attachment loss. Conclusions:, Lifelong light smoking could be confirmed as a risk factor for periodontal disease progression. However, in this population, smoking did not significantly increase the risk of tooth loss. [source]

Relationship between the prognosis of periodontitis and occlusal force during the maintenance phase , a cohort study

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2010
N. Takeuchi
Takeuchi N, Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Morita M. Relationship between the prognosis of periodontitis and occlusal force during the maintenance phase , a cohort study. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 612,617. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:, Few studies have longitudinally investigated the relationship between periodontal disease progression and occlusal factors in individual subjects during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the relationship between biting ability and the progression of periodontal disease in the maintenance phase. Material and Methods:, A total of 194 patients were monitored for 3 years during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. The subjects with disease progression (Progress group) were defined based on the presence of , 2 teeth demonstrating a longitudinal loss of proximal attachment of , 3 mm or tooth-loss experience as a result of periodontal disease during the study period. The subjects with high occlusal force were diagnosed as men who showed an occlusal force of more than 500 N and women who showed an occlusal force of more than 370 N. The association between biting ability and the progression of periodontitis was investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results:, There were 83 subjects in the Progress group and 111 subjects in the Non-progress group. A backward, stepwise logistic regression model showed that the progression of periodontal disease was significantly associated with the presence of one or more teeth with a high clinical attachment level (CAL) of , 7 mm (odds ratio: 2.397; 95% confidence interval: 1.306,4.399) (,p = 0.005) and low occlusal force (odds ratio: 2.352; 95% confidence interval: 1.273,4.346) (,p = 0.006). Conclusion:, The presence of one or more teeth with a high CAL of , 7 mm and low occlusal force might be possible risk factors for periodontal progression in the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. [source]

Leptin levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007
B. V. Karthikeyan
Background and Objective:, A high concentration of leptin is associated with healthy gingival tissue, and the concentration of leptin decreases as periodontal disease progresses. However, to date, the leptin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid has not been documented. Hence, the present study was carried out to explore the presence of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease, and to probe further into its possible role in periodontal disease progression. Material and Methods:, A total of 45 adult patients were selected, based on their body mass index, for the study. They were categorized into three groups of 15 patients each, based on their periodontal tissue status, as follows: group I (clinically healthy gingiva with no loss of attachment); group II (chronic gingivitis with no loss of attachment); and group III (chronic periodontitis). Gingival crevicular fluid samples of 1 µL were collected extracrevicularly using white color-coded 1,5 µL calibrated volumetric microcapillary pipettes from one site in each person, and samples were analyzed for leptin using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results:, The concentration of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid of patients in group I (2292.69 pg/mL) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than in those of groups II (1409.95 pg/mL) and III (1071.89 pg/mL). This suggests a negative correlation of gingival crevicular fluid leptin concentration with clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). Conclusion:, As periodontal tissue destruction increased, there was a substantial decrease in gingival crevicular fluid leptin concentration. This observation extends our knowledge of the protective role of leptin in periodontal health. [source]

Monitoring periodontal disease status in smokers and nonsmokers using a gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8-specific chair-side test

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 6 2006
P. Mäntylä
Background and Objective:, With current periodontal diagnostic tools it is difficult to identify susceptible individuals or sites at risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8-specific chair-side dip-stick test in longitudinally monitoring the periodontal status of smoking (S) and nonsmoking (NS) patients with chronic periodontitis, using their gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MMP-8 concentrations. Material and Methods:, Clinical parameters, MMP-8 test results and concentrations were monitored in 16 patients after initial treatment and in 15 patients after scaling and root planing (SRP), every other month, over a 12-mo time period. Progressing and stable sites, and sites with exceptionally high MMP-8 concentrations, were analysed in smokers and nonsmokers. Results:, SRP reduced the mean GCF MMP-8 levels, test scores, probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). In sites of periodontal disease progression, the distribution of MMP-8 concentrations was broader than in stable sites, indicating a tendency for elevated concentrations in patients with periodontal disease. The mean MMP-8 concentrations in smokers were lower than in nonsmokers, but in smokers' and nonsmokers' sites with progressive disease, MMP-8 concentrations were similar. Sites with exceptionally elevated MMP-8 concentrations were clustered in smokers who also showed a poor response to SRP. In these sites, the MMP-8 concentration did not decrease with SRP and these sites were easily identified by the MMP-8 test. Conclusion:, Persistently elevated GCF MMP-8 concentrations may indicate sites at risk, as well as patients with poor response to conventional periodontal treatment (e.g. SRP). MMP-8 testing may be useful as an adjunct to traditional periodontal diagnostic methods during the maintenance phase. [source]

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation by experimental periodontal disease in rats

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2001
T. Breivik
Organisms respond to inflammatory conditions by mounting a co-ordinated complex series of adaptive responses involving the immune, nervous and endocrine systems that are aimed at restoring the homeostatic balance. We have recently shown in a rat model that inappropriate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation and a subsequent inability to mount a suitable glucocorticoid response to gingival inflammation may influence susceptibility to periodontal disease. This study was designed to investigate whether ligature- and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the gingival connective tissues may activate this physiological axis, and to further explore the significance of HPA regulation in periodontal disease. Experimental periodontal disease was induced in major histocompability complex (MHC)-identical but HPA low (LEW) and high (F344) responding rat strains. We tested (1) whether ongoing periodontal disease activates the HPA axis as measured by corticosterone levels, and (2) whether genetic differences in HPA regulation modulate periodontal disease progression. In the F344 strain, the periodontal tissue destruction was more severe. This observation was associated with a significant increase of corticosterone levels in F344 rats only. Addition of LPS at the gingival inflammatory site led to a further increase of corticosterone levels and disease severity in F344 rats. These findings illustrate a positive feedback loop between the HPA axis and periodontal disease: the disease activates the HPA axis, and a genetically determined high HPA responsitivity further increases disease susceptibility. [source]

A new checkerboard panel for testing bacterial markers in periodontal disease

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
G. Dahlén
Background/aims:, Various microbiological methods have been used for testing bacterial markers for periodontitis and periodontal disease progression. Most studies have used only a limited number of well recognized bacterial species. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of 13 more recently identified bacterial species in a new panel in comparison with 12 previously more recognized periodontotopathogens (,old panel') using the ,checkerboard' DNA,DNA hybridization method. Methods:, Fifty individuals were chosen who showed at least one site with a probing pocket depth of 6 mm or more (disease) and bleeding on probing and at least one site with a probing pocket depth of 3 mm and without bleeding on probing (health). One diseased and one healthy site on each individual were sampled with the paperpoint technique and the samples were processed in the checkerboard technique against deoxigenin-labeled whole genomic probes to 25 subgingival species representing 12 well recognized and 13 newly identified periodontitis associated species. Results:, Twenty-four (out of 25) species were detected more frequently in the subgingival plaque of diseased than healthy sites both at score 1 (> 104) and score 3 (> 105). A significant difference at the higher score (score 3) was noticed for all species of the old panel except for three (Streptococcus intermedius, Selenomonas noxia, and Eikenella corrodens). Of the species in the new panel only Prevotella tannerae, Filifactor alocis, and Porphyromonas endodontalis showed a statistical significant difference between diseased and healthy sites. Conclusion:, It was concluded that P. tannerae, F. alocis, and P. endodontalis should be added to the 12 species used for routine diagnostics of periodontitis-associated bacterial flora. [source]

Longitudinal study on periodontal conditions in healthy elderly people in Japan

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
Toshinobu Hirotomi
Abstract , Objectives: A strategy for the control of periodontal disease progression is required to prevent tooth loss in older people. However, detailed epidemiological data on periodontal conditions in elderly people is limited. The purpose of the present study is to describe the natural history of periodontal disease and to evaluate the intraoral factors relating to the disease progression in systemically healthy elderly people. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 599 and 162 subjects aged 70 and 80 years, respectively, were examined. Of those subjects aged 70 years, 436 (73%) participated in the 2-year longitudinal study. Pocket depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) were measured for all functioning teeth at six sites per tooth. In the cross-sectional study, AL of 4 mm or greater and 7 mm or greater were defined as moderate and severe disease, respectively. In the longitudinal study, a change in AL of 3 mm or greater at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression. Results: In the cross-sectional study, 97.1% of the subjects had at least one site of AL of 4 mm or greater (4+ mm). The prevalence of AL of 7 mm or greater (7+ mm) was 47.9%, with 2.8 affected teeth per person in those with AL 7+ mm. These findings reveal that periodontal disease is extremely widespread in the elderly population. However, very few had many teeth with severe periodontal conditions. In the longitudinal study, 75.1% experienced attachment loss of 3 mm or greater (3+ mm) during the 2-year study period. Of those subjects who experienced attachment loss, a mean of 4.7 teeth exhibited attachment loss. Multivariate logistic regression showed that both the highest AL in each tooth at baseline and abutment teeth for removable partial dentures were significantly related to periodontal disease progression as well as tooth loss incidence. Conclusions: These results suggest that teeth with poor periodontal conditions as well as abutment teeth for removable partial dentures were significant intraoral factors relating to periodontal disease progression as well as tooth loss. [source]