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Perceived Support (perceived + support)
Selected AbstractsPerceived support from healthcare practitioners among adults with type 2 diabetesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 7 2010Bjørg Oftedal oftedal b., karlsen b. & bru e. (2010) Perceived support from healthcare practitioners among adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(7), 1500,1509. Abstract Title.,Perceived support from healthcare practitioners among adults with type 2 diabetes. Aim., This paper is a report of a study of how adults with type 2 diabetes perceive different attributes of support provided by healthcare practitioners and how various attributes of support can influence people's motivation to self-manage their disease. Background., Motivational problems seem to be a major reason for poor diabetes management. According to well-known theories of motivation, expectations of being able to perform certain behaviours are a key element. Different attributes of support from healthcare practitioners are likely to influence such expectations. To date, no researchers have specifically examined how people with type 2 diabetes perceive different attributes of support from healthcare practitioners and how these may influence their motivation to manage their disease themselves. Methods., A descriptive/explorative qualitative design and focus groups were used to collect data. The sample consisted of 19 adults with type 2 diabetes, and the data were collected in 2007 and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings., Five themes were identified, reflecting perceived attributes of support from healthcare practitioners: (1) an empathetic approach, (2) practical advice and information, (3) involvement in decision-making, (4) accurate and individualized information and (5) ongoing group-based support. Conclusion., Healthcare practitioners may strengthen the self-management motivation among adults with type 2 diabetes by enhancing expectations of being able to perform the necessary diabetes care, and through the provision of empathetic, individualized, practical and ongoing group-based support. [source] Sensitivity analysis of different methods of coding taxonomic polymorphism: an example from higher-level bat phylogenyCLADISTICS, Issue 6 2002Nancy B. Simmons New information concerning strengths and weaknesses of different methods of coding taxonomic polymorphisms suggests that results of some previous studies may have been unintentionally biased by the methods employed. In this study, we demonstrate that a form of sensitivity analysis can be used to evaluate the effects of different methods of coding taxonomic polymorphisms on the outcome of phylogenetic analyses. Our earlier analysis of higher-level relationships of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) employed superspecific taxa as terminals and scored taxonomic polymorphisms using ambiguity coding. Application of other methods of dealing with polymorphisms (excluding variable characters, inferring ancestral states, majority coding) to the same data yields phylogenetic results that differ somewhat from those originally reported based on ambiguity coding. Monophyly of some clades was supported in all analyses (e.g., Microchiroptera, Rhinopomatoidea, and Nataloidea), while other groups found to be monophyletic in the original study (e.g., neotropical Nataloidea) appeared unresolved or nonmonophyletic when other methods were used to code taxonomic polymorphisms. Several groupings that were apparently refuted in the initial study (e.g., Noctilionoidea including Mystacinidae) were supported in some analyses, reducing some of the apparent incongruence between the trees in our earlier analysis (which were based principally on morphology) and other trees based on molecular data. Perceived support for various groupings (branch support, bootstrap values) were in some cases significantly affected by the methods employed. These results indicate that sensitivity analysis provides a useful tool for evaluating effects of different methods of dealing with taxonomic polymorphism in superspecific terminal taxa. Variation in results obtained with different methods suggests that it is always preferable to sample at the species level when higher-level taxa exhibit taxonomic polymorphism, thus avoiding methodological biases associated with different methods of dealing with taxonomic polymorphisms during data analysis. [source] Effects of routine education on people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetesEUROPEAN DIABETES NURSING, Issue 3 2009A Clarke SRN, PhD Health Promotion & Research Manager Abstract Background: In Ireland, there is limited knowledge about the perceptions or behaviours of people newly diagnosed with diabetes and, due to the lack of a national register, poor knowledge of their demographic profile. Aim: To add to the body of knowledge about diabetes, to obtain perceptions of people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who attend group diabetes education, and to examine their relationships with the adoption of diabetes self-management behaviours. Method: A correlational study was conducted among people attending routine group diabetes education at three diabetes clinics during 2006/7, from which a convenience sample of 168 (38%) participants were recruited. Results: Men newly diagnosed with diabetes were younger, waited less time to attend group diabetes education, had a more positive diabetes attitude and perceived themselves to have more social support than women. Women had better diabetes self-management dietary and medication adherence behaviours prior to attending group diabetes education than the men. Conclusion: People newly diagnosed with diabetes differ in their attitude, perceived support and self-efficacy to adopt dietary and exercise behaviours and have different behaviour change needs at diagnosis. Post-attendance at diabetes education, they adopt behaviours at variable rates and may not sustain the change. The study findings indicate that healthcare professionals should monitor continually the need for behavioural change, in particular physical exercise behaviours in women and dietary and medication adherence in men. They should also continuously assess the maintenance of diabetes self-management behaviours of all people with diabetes, while promoting confidence in achieving desired outcomes. Copyright © 2009 FEND [source] Living with a child with a severe orofacial handicap: experiences from the perspectives of parentsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2003Ulrika Trulsson Orofacial functions include competences/abilities such as eating, breathing, speech/language, mimicry, as well as oral health, and disturbances are common in children with rare disorders. To describe parental experiences of orofacial function and needs in children with rare disorders, in-depth interviews focusing on orofacial function were carried out with 14 parents. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed in open, axial (theoretical) and selective coding processes according to Grounded Theory. Two core categories emerged from data in the analysis: ,the vulnerable family' and ,support perceived from others'. The data indicated the importance of a balance between these two core categories: the strain caused by living in a family with a child with a severe disability/handicap, and the availability of perceived support from caregivers and significant others. This balance was necessary for the parents in developing self-reliance and in reconciling themselves to their life situations. Parents described orofacial dysfunction in terms of feeding and communication problems, needs for orthodontic treatment to reduce risk of trauma or improve chewing, and drooling. Oral health issues such as dental caries and gingivitis were not mentioned. Five aspects of good professional attitude were recognized: respect, involvement, continuity, knowledge, and availability. [source] Preventing preschool externalizing behavior problems through video-feedback intervention in infancyINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006Mariska Klein Velderman In the present study (1) intervention effects on children's preschool behavior problems were evaluated in a high risk sample with an overrepresentation of insecure adult attachment representations in 77 first-time mothers, and (2) predictors and correlates of child problem behavior were examined. Early short-term video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting (VIPP) focusing on maternal sensitivity and implemented in the baby's first year of life significantly protected children from developing clinical Total Problems at preschool age. Also, compared with the control group, fewer VIPP children scored in the clinical range for Externalizing Problems. No intervention effects on Internalizing clinical problem behavior were found. The VIPP effects on Externalizing and Total clinical Problems were not mediated by VIPP effects on sensitivity and infant attachment or moderated by mother or child variables. Maternal satisfaction with perceived support appeared to be associated with less children's Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems. More research is needed to find the mechanisms triggered by VIPP, but the outcomes could be considered as promising first steps in the prevention of disturbing, externalizing behavior problems in young children. [source] Exploratory factor analysis of the research and development culture index among qualified nursesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 9 2005Bill Watson MSc Aims and objectives., This paper presents the exploratory factor analysis of a rating instrument for assessing the strength of organizational Research and Development (R&D) culture. Background., Despite nursing's limited research capacity, the discipline is capitalising upon opportunities to become involved in research and is making strong progress. Within the context of the debate on nursing research capacity, the R&D Culture Index was developed as a means of appraising R&D culture within health care organizations. Design., Factor analysis was carried out on data collected from 485 nursing staff. The method of extraction was Principal Components Analysis with oblique rotation. Methods., The Index was developed from the findings of qualitative research conducted with NHS staff. Eighteen items, encompassing the main themes from the data, were initially included in the Index. This pilot instrument was distributed to nursing staff within three different types of NHS Trust. Factor analysis resulted in rejection of two items and the analysis was repeated using the remaining 16 items. Results., Three latent factors were extracted accounting for 58·0% of the variance in the data. The factors were: R&D Support, describing the perceived support within the working environment for R&D activity; Personal R&D Skills and Aptitude, describing an individual's perception of their ability towards R&D activity; and Personal R&D Intention, describing an individual's willingness to engage in R&D activity. Each factor had good internal reliability, as did the overall index. Conclusion., The R&D Culture Index provides an efficient means of assessing the strength of an organization's R&D culture in a way that captures the role of the individual practitioner and the organizational environment. Relevance to practice., These findings suggest that the continuing promotion of R&D within health care organizations is dependent upon a multi-faceted approach that addresses the learning needs of the organization as well as those of the individual practitioners. [source] Relationships between partner's support during labour and maternal outcomesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 2 2000MPhil, Wan Yim Ip BN ,,The objective of this study was to measure the relationship between women's ratings of partners' participation during labour and maternal outcomes as measured by anxiety level, pain perception, dosage of pain-relieving drug used and length of labour. ,,A convenience sample of 45 primigravid women was selected from the postpartum unit of a public hospital in Hong Kong. They were all first-time Chinese mothers, aged 18 or over, who had attended antenatal classes and had their partners present during labour. ,,The State Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure maternal anxiety during labour. Labour pain was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale. A series of scales were developed to measure partners' participation during labour. ,,Women's ratings of partners' practical support were significantly lower than their ratings of partners' emotional support. There were no significant associations between level of emotional support and maternal outcome measures. However, perceived practical support was positively related to the dosage of pain-relieving drug used and total length of labour. Positive relationships between the duration of partners' presence and women's ratings of perceived support provided by partners during labour were also found. [source] Exposure to violence and aggression: protective roles of social support among urban African American youthJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Shira Benhorin This cross-sectional study examined the impact of social support on the relation between exposure to violence and aggressive behavior, as reported by self, peers, and teachers. The main-effects and stress-buffering models of social support were tested for parents, teachers, classmates, and close friends among 127 urban, African American youth. The results demonstrate the negative impact of violence exposure on aggressive behavior and the complex roles of social support in these relations. Specifically, more perceived support from parents, teachers, and close friends was associated with lower teacher-reported aggressive behavior, whereas classmate support buffered the impact of violence on peer-reported aggressive behavior. These findings, multiple reporter differences, and implications for preventive interventions are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Structured after-school activities as a moderator of depressed mood for adolescents with detached relations to their parentsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Joseph L. Mahoney This study investigated whether participation in structured after-school activities moderates the association between detached parent,adolescent relationships and adolescent depressed mood. A representative sample of 539 14-year-olds and their parents were assessed concerning adolescent participation in after-school activities, the parent,adolescent relationship, and adolescent depressed mood. Results showed that adolescents with detached relations to their parents reported high levels of depressed mood. Adolescents who participated in after-school activities reported low levels of depressed mood compared to adolescents not participating in such activities; however, this was primarily true of participants who perceived high support from their activity leader. Support from after-school activity leaders was particularly important for a subgroup of youth characterized by highly detached relations to their parents. Although girls reported higher levels of depressed mood than did boys, the associated benefits of perceived support from an activity leader were consistent across gender. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Bringing the outside in: Can "external" workers experience insider status?,JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 7 2009Marie-Ève Lapalme The current study examines the possibility that agency workers can experience perceived insider status despite their assumed "outsider" category. One hundred ninety-one agency workers from Canadian financial firms completed surveys assessing agency worker perceptions regarding the level of support from both their supervisors and the client firms' permanent workers, as well as the agency workers' level of perceived insider status and affective commitment toward the client firm. Agency worker supervisors (within the client firm) assessed the agency workers' level of interpersonal facilitation. Results indicate that: (1) Agency workers can experience perceived insider status, regardless of their objective classification as outsiders; (2) perceived support from supervisors and the client firms' permanent workers contribute to agency worker perceptions of insider status; and (3) perceptions of insider status are associated with higher levels of both affective commitment and interpersonal facilitation, even in workers that are considered marginally tied to the organization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Perceived Relational Support in Adolescence: Dimensions, Configurations, and Adolescent AdjustmentJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 1 2001Ron H. J. Scholte The perceived relational support from four key providers (father, mother, special sibling, and best friend) on five provisions (quality of information, respect for autonomy, emotional support, convergence of goals, and acceptance) was examined for 2,262 adolescents (aged 12 , 18 years). In a variable-centered approach, factor analyses yielded five dimensions of support: three specific to providers (parent, friend, and sibling support) and two specific to provisions (convergence of goals and respect for autonomy). Only parental support was found to change (decrease) across age. In a person-centered approach, five types of adolescents with different configurations of perceived support were identified. The first three types differed in overall level of support (high, average, and low) for all of the five dimensions; the fourth type represented extremely low support from parents with above-average support from best friends; the fifth type consisted of adolescents with no best friend. These configurations were significantly related to different patterns of adolescent adjustment in various domains (psychological well-being, delinquency, substance use, and peer-group functioning). [source] | |||||||||||||