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Perceived Similarity (perceived + similarity)
Selected AbstractsMedia Exposure, Perceived Similarity, and Counterfactual Thinking: Why Did the Public Grieve When Princess Diana Died?,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 10 2001David R. Pillow Judgments of perceived similarity to Princess Diana and counterfactual thinking, in conjunction with media exposure, were examined as competing explanations that might account for the public's affective responses to the fatal accident of Princess Diana. Shortly after the accident, 222 introductory psychology students were surveyed. Results indicate that each of these constructs contributed uniquely to predict negative affective responding. An interaction was found such that persons high in perceived similarity had high levels of counterfactual ruminations and negative responding, regardless of their media exposure, whereas media exposure largely predicted the responses of those low in perceived similarity. Possible causal sequences involving these constructs, social comparison theory, and work on media-related stress are discussed. [source] Women's responses to fashion media images: a study of female consumers aged 30,59INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 3 2010Joy M. Kozar Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine whether female consumers ranging in age from 30 to 59 prefer fashion advertising models more closely resembling their age. The sample for this study consisted of 182 women. Stimuli included full-colored photographs of current fashion models. A questionnaire designed to explore participants' responses to the stimuli included scales measuring participants' beliefs about the stimulus models' appearances and attractiveness, participants' purchase intentions and perceived similarity with the models and participants' perceived fashionability of the model's clothing. Participants rated models appearing older in age significantly higher than younger models on the characteristics related to appearance and attractiveness. Advertisements with older models also had a significant positive relationship to participants' purchase intentions as compared to younger-age models. Participants who perceived more similarity to the models were found to have more positive beliefs about the model's appearance and attractiveness and the fashionability of the model's clothing. Perceived similarity also had a significant positive relationship to participants' purchase intentions. As a result of this study, findings suggest that marketers and retailers should consider the age of the model used in their promotional materials. Specifically, it is possible that female consumers either transitioning into, or currently in, the middle adulthood life stages may have a preference for fashion models more closely resembling their age group. [source] Perceiving communion in the dyadic relationship of othersASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Sylvia Xiaohua Chen The present research took an ecological approach to explore a relational issue in social perception , are the perceived personality characteristics of dyad members and their perceived behavioural exchanges related to perceptions of that dyad's perceived level of friendship? To this end, observers reported on a dyad they knew well using an indigenous measure of personality perception and the Dyadic Behavioural Exchange Scale, combined with an adapted version of Hays' Friendship Observation Checklist. Perceived similarity of personality on the dimensions of application, emotional stability (negative) and helpfulness (negative) along with the perceived level of dyadic behaviour exchange were found to be additive predictors of perceived communion or friendship strength. This interplay of personal and interpersonal processes has demonstrated the application of methodological relationalism in the social domain, and broadened the ambit of social cognition to include knowledge of relationship units of which the observer is not a member, but which plays a part in his or her social world. [source] Cultural Background and Individualistic,Collectivistic Values in Relation to Similarity, Perspective Taking, and EmpathyJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2009Miriam S. Heinke A path model testing antecedents and consequences of perceived similarity was examined for Asian and European Australian participants (N = 240). Cultural background and values were measured, and participants read scenarios describing a target in distress acting according to individualistic or collectivistic values. Consistent with past research, feeling similar to the target was linked to perspective taking and empathy. Moreover, Asian participants were more collectivistic, and collectivistic values were linked to higher empathy. In the present data, however, both endorsed higher levels of collectivism than individualism; individualism scores were equal; and the two values were positively correlated. Moreover, neither cultural background nor values were consistently linked to similarity. Implications are discussed for research on cultural background, values, and social interactions. [source] Media Exposure, Perceived Similarity, and Counterfactual Thinking: Why Did the Public Grieve When Princess Diana Died?,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 10 2001David R. Pillow Judgments of perceived similarity to Princess Diana and counterfactual thinking, in conjunction with media exposure, were examined as competing explanations that might account for the public's affective responses to the fatal accident of Princess Diana. Shortly after the accident, 222 introductory psychology students were surveyed. Results indicate that each of these constructs contributed uniquely to predict negative affective responding. An interaction was found such that persons high in perceived similarity had high levels of counterfactual ruminations and negative responding, regardless of their media exposure, whereas media exposure largely predicted the responses of those low in perceived similarity. Possible causal sequences involving these constructs, social comparison theory, and work on media-related stress are discussed. [source] Personality Factors in Older Women's Perceived Susceptibility to Diseases of AgingJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2004Mary A. Gerend A latent factor of general perceived susceptibility to disease was shown to underlie disease-specific perceptions of susceptibility. Affect-related personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, optimism, worry, and self-deceptive enhancement) and internal and chance health locus of control predicted general perceived susceptibility. Perceived disease characteristics (e.g., perceived controllability, severity) and the use of cognitive heuristics (i.e., perceived similarity to those who contract each disease) also displayed marked consistency across the three distinct diseases. Finally, our results suggested that general beliefs about the characteristics of health threats and the use of cognitive heuristics may mediate the link between personality traits and perceived risk. [source] Mechanism of Motivated Reasoning?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2007Analogical Perception in Discrimination Disputes This article examines the boundaries of motivated reasoning in legal decision making. We propose a model of attitudinal influence involving analogical perception. Attitudes influence judgments by affecting the perceived similarity between a target case and cases cited as precedent. Bias should be most apparent in judging similarity when cases are moderately similar on objective dimensions. We conducted two experiments: the first with undergraduates, the second with undergraduates and law students. Participants in each experiment read a mock newspaper article that described a "target case" involving unlawful discrimination. Embedded in the article was a description of a "source case" cited as legal precedent. Participants in both studies were more likely to find source cases with outcomes that supported their policy views in the target dispute as analogous to that litigation. Commensurate with our theory, there was evidence in both experiments that motivated perceptions were most apparent where cases were moderately similar on objective dimensions. Although there were differences in the way lay and law student participants viewed cases, legal training did not appear to attenuate motivated perceptions. [source] Impact of Relative Size and Language on the Attitudes between Nations and Linguistic Groups: The Case of SwitzerlandAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Carine Matser This study explores the impact of relative size on the intra- and intergroup attitudes of groups who either share a language or have a different language. For that purpose, we examined international attitudes, comparing a small nation, Switzerland, and two larger nations, Germany and France. We found support for the assumption that large neighbouring nations pose a threat to the smaller nation's identity, especially when they are linguistically similar. Consequently, in line with Tajfel's Social Identity Theory (1978), the smaller nation's inhabitants evaluate those of the larger nation less positively, liking them less and perceiving them to be more arrogant than vice versa. By investigating the special case of the French-speaking and the German-speaking Swiss as linguistic groups within their own nation we were able to demonstrate that these groups seek support with the larger,linguistically,similar nation to defend themselves against the more direct in-country threat to their identity. They acknowledge the similarity with the larger nation, yet keep defending their social identity by expressing a dislike for this perceived similarity. Cette étude analyse l'impact de la taille relative de groupes partageant ou non un même langage sur les attitudes intra et inter groupes. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié des attitudes internationales en comparant une petite nation, la Suisse, à deux grandes nations, l'Allemagne et la France. Nous avons confirmé l'hypothèse selon laquelle les grandes nations constituent une menace pour l'identité des plus petites nations voisines, particulièrement quand elles partagent une même langue. En conséquence, dans la lignée de la théorie de l'identité sociale de Tajfel (1978), les habitants de petites nations évaluent leurs homologues des plus grandes nations moins positivement, les apprécient moins et les percoivent comme étant plus arrogants que l'inverse. En enquêtant sur le cas particulier des Suisses francophones et germanophones comme groupes linguisitiques au sein de leur propre nation, nous démontrons qu'ils recherchent l'appui d'une plus grande nation similaire à eux linguistiquement pour se défendre d'une menace intérieure plus directe envers leur identité. Cependant, s'ils reconnaissent la similitude avec des plus grandes nations, ils n'en continuent pas moins à défendre leur identité sociale en exprimant une aversion pour cette similitude perçue. [source] | ||||||||||