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Peer Interactions (peer + interaction)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Psychology	61%

Selected Abstracts

Evidence That Children and Adolescents Have Internal Models of Peer Interactions That Are Gender Differentiated

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2001
Henry Markovits
This study examined whether children's internal representations reflect gender differences that have been found in peer interactions. The dimensions examined were (1) preferences for dyadic or group situations, (2) whether children who are friends with a given target child are likely to be friends with each other, and (3) perceptions of the probability of knowing information about friends. Participants from preschool; grades 2, 6, 8, and 10; and college (N= 278) were asked questions about typical girls and boys. Results indicate that both girls and boys (1) rate typical boys as preferring group interactions more than do typical girls, a difference present as early as preschool; (2) rate typical boys as more likely than typical girls to be friends with one another if they are friends with the same target boy or gir,l respectively; and (3) rate typical girls as more likely than typical boys to know certain types of information about friends. These results are consistent with the existence of internal models of social interactions that are at least partially gender specific. [source]

Self,other awareness and peer relationships in toddlers: gender comparisons

INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2010
Laura E. Levine
Abstract Toddlers' growing self,other awareness has been linked with their ability to interact with peers, but there is reason to think that self,other awareness may relate to different aspects of peer relationships for boys and girls. We hypothesized that boys would express self,other awareness by separating self from other through claiming toys, while girls would express self,other awareness by creating similarities between self and other through use of the duplicate of a partner's toy. For 52 22,26,month olds, self,other awareness was assessed through four tasks: mirror self recognition, perceptual role taking, pronoun recognition and pronoun use. Each child subsequently interacted with a same-sex peer for 30,min. Girls high in self,other awareness, and their partners were more likely to engage in duplicate toy use than girls low in self,other awareness. No differences in toy claiming were found. Future longitudinal research would clarify how the onset of self,other awareness relates to developments in peer interaction for girls and boys. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Child,parent and child,peer interaction: Observational similarities and differences at age seven

INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2005
Marleen H. Gerrits
Abstract According to Russell et al. (Developmental Rev 1998; 18: 313) child,parent interaction could contain horizontal qualities, similar to child,peer interactions. To study this, child,parent and child,peer play interactions were compared on several observed horizontal and vertical characteristics in 55 7-year-old children interacting with their mother, father, and a classmate, respectively. Characteristics on which the interactions were compared were shared positive emotions, total control behaviour, balance of control, simultaneous play, mutual responsiveness, and discord. Significant differences between observed child,parent and child,peer interactions were found. Horizontal as well as vertical qualities were found in both types of interaction. The child,parent interaction consisted primarily of mutual responsiveness (i.e. a horizontal quality), and total control, whereas in the child,peer interaction balance of control, shared positive emotions, simultaneous play, and discords were most often found. No main effect of peer preference or gender was found. However, several interaction effects of context with gender and peer preference were found. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Annotation: Recent Research Examining the Role of Peer Relationships in the Development of Psychopathology

THE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 5 2001
Kirby Deater-Deckard
This Annotation highlights recent research on the role of peer group and friendship factors in the development of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. Several processes are considered, including peer rejection (e.g., exclusion and victimization), social withdrawal and avoidance of peer interaction, and the socialization of deviant behavior and internalizing problems. The mediating influences of several proximal components are examined, including cognitive-perceptual factors and emotion regulation. In addition, the moderating ifluences of close friendship, age, gender, ethnicity, and group norms are considered. Several promising avenues for future directions in research are highlighted, including the examination of heterogeneity in developmental processes, further investigation of gender-based norms, and the application of multi-level modeling techniques and gene-environment process models. [source]

Use and performances of Web-based portfolio assessment

BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
Chi-Cheng Chang
This research explored the influence of a Web-based portfolio assessment system on students' performances. The methodological procedure adopted was to have the experimental group use the system, with the control group using conventional assessment. The study subjects were junior high school students of two computer classes. The experimental results revealed that the use of the system has significant positive influence on students' performances. According to estimated effect size, the most significant indicators were reflection, self-assessment, continuous improvement, goal setting, problem solving, data gathering, work and peer interaction. However, peer-assessment performance was not enhanced significantly. Therefore, one recommendation was to reduce peer-assessment and instead offer specific illustrations to the students as well as the opportunity to drill. [source]

Disability and the Performance Paradox: Can Social Capital Bridge the Divide?

BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 3 2010
Kelly Williams-Whitt
This research captures the physical and social experience of disability by analysing the practical performance problems that arise when an ill or injured employee returns to work, and documenting how those problems are interpreted. The grounded theory approach suggests an alternative to the traditional biomedical or social perspectives on disability. Field research reveals four themes: attendance, disciplinary history, peer interaction and task function. Managerial and co-worker perceptions were significantly affected by interactions that occurred before any disability was known to exist. Historic patterns of social exchange strongly suggest that social capital theory explains problematic work performance. [source]

Child,parent and child,peer interaction: Observational similarities and differences at age seven

Antagonists in Mutual Antipathies: A Person-Oriented Approach

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 1 2009
Berna Güro
This study investigated the heterogeneity of mutual antipathy relationships. Separate cluster analyses of peer interactions of early adolescents (mean age 11 years) and adolescents (mean age of 14) yielded 3 types of individuals in each age group, namely Prosocial, Antisocial, and Withdrawn. Prevalence analysis of the 6 possible combinations of types of individuals constituting mutual antipathy dyads yielded antipathy dyad types. The majority of these dyads consisted of a combination of 2 dissimilar types of individuals. Implications of the high prevalence of the Antisocial,Withdrawn antipathy dyad type are discussed. [source]

High risk studies and developmental antecedents of anxiety disorders,

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS, Issue 2 2008
Dina R. Hirshfeld-Becker
Abstract The past two decades have witnessed significant growth in our understanding of the developmental antecedents of anxiety disorders. In this article, we review studies of offspring at risk for anxiety disorders, longitudinal studies of the course of anxiety disorders in clinical, epidemiologic, and at-risk samples, studies of hypothesized temperamental risk factors for anxiety, and give a brief overview of the literature on environmental risk factors. Clear developmental antecedents to anxiety disorders identified include (1) childhood anxiety disorders [in particular, separation anxiety and overanxious disorder/general anxiety disorder (GAD)], (2) behavioral inhibition which predicts later social phobia, (3) anxiety sensitivity which predicts later panic disorder, and (4) negative affectivity, which predicts a spectrum of psychopathology including anxiety disorders. Further prospective studies are needed to examine the roles of environmental factors such as parenting practices, peer influences, stressful life events, and perinatal stressors. Future studies could benefit from (1) beginning earlier in development and following individuals into adulthood, (2) assessing the overlap between multiple temperamental constructs, (3) greater use of observational measures of temperament and of parent,child and peer interactions, (4) greater attention to parental psychopathology which may confound associations noted, (5) exploration of other features of anxiety disorders (neurofunctional correlates, cognitive features, other aspects of emotional regulation) as potential precursors, and (6) intervention studies exploring whether modifying developmental antecedents can alter the course of anxiety disorders. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Changes in children's peer interactions following a natural disaster: How predisaster bullying and victimization rates changed following Hurricane Katrina

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 4 2009
Andrew M. Terranova
Youth exposed to disasters experience stress and adjustment difficulties, which likely influence their interactions with peers. In this study, we examined changes in bullying and peer victimization in two cohorts of children. Youth from an area affected by Hurricane Katrina were assessed pre- and postdisaster (n = 96, mean [M] = 10.9 years old, 53% female), and a comparison group from a nearby area was assessed over the same time interval 1 year prior (n = 120, M = 10.2 years old, 52% female). Within the hurricane group, relations between symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with bullying and victimization also were examined. Following the hurricane, the hurricane group reported increased relational and overt bullying relative to the nonhurricane group, and PTSD symptoms predicted increased victimization. Thus, school personnel should be vigilant and prepared to respond to increased bullying following disasters and for increased victimization in youth experiencing PTSD symptoms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

A randomized, controlled study of Internet peer-to-peer interactions among women newly diagnosed with breast cancer

PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Mark S. Salzer
Abstract Objective: Peer-to-peer interactions are associated with enhanced psychosocial adjustment among women with breast cancer. Millions of women with cancer and others with various health conditions use the Internet to establish peer relationships, usually without professional moderation. This paper reports findings from the first randomized, controlled study of the benefits of these types of Internet-based peer interactions. Methods: This pilot study involved seventy-eight women who were recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to either an Internet peer support condition or Internet-based educational control condition. Data were gathered at baseline and 4- and 12-months. Primary outcomes of interest were psychological distress and quality of life. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, participants in the Internet peer support condition tended to do worse over time on primary outcome measures. There were no differences between groups on secondary outcomes of perceived social support, self-efficacy, or hope. Paradoxically, many women in the Internet peer support condition actively participated and reported high levels of satisfaction, suggesting some self-perceived benefits. Conclusions: These results suggest that Internet based peer-to-peer interactions may not necessarily be universally beneficial despite the positive experiences reported by many participants. Further research is needed to understand the magnitude of this effect with a larger sample. Moreover, these results raise questions about the need to understand the comparative effectiveness of Internet-based communications by group structure (i.e., unstructured/structured; unmoderated/moderated) and the effect of content (i.e., expression of fear/anxiety, insightful disclosures, etc.) on outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Aggression and Moral Development: Integrating Social Information Processing and Moral Domain Models

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2004
William F. Arsenio
Social information processing and moral domain theories have developed in relative isolation from each other despite their common focus on intentional harm and victimization, and mutual emphasis on social cognitive processes in explaining aggressive, morally relevant behaviors. This article presents a selective summary of these literatures with the goal of showing how they can be integrated into a single, coherent model. An essential aspect of this integration is Crick and Dodge's (1994) distinction between latent mental structures and online processing. It is argued that moral domain theory is relevant for describing underlying mental structures regarding the nature and boundaries of what is moral, whereas the social information processing model describes the online information processing that affects application of moral structures during peer interactions. [source]