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Peach
Terms modified by Peach Selected AbstractsDISCOLORATION OF SUN-DRIED AND PROCESSED ELBERTA PEACHES DURING STORAGEJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 5 2003E. JOUBERT Discoloration of sun-dried ,Elberta' (Prunus persica) peaches during a 48 week storage period as affected by moisture content (15 and 17%) and temperature (4, 7, 10 and 20C) was investigated. In addition, the effect of rehydration to moisture contents of 20, 24 and 27% and resulphuring on the color of the processed fruit during storage for 100 days at 0 and 25C was studied. Drying fruit to 15% instead of 17% moisture content gave darker-colored fruit, and it did not improve color retention during storage. Storage at 20C decreased L* values, indicating darkening of the fruit, but the quality, correlated with chroma, was still acceptable for fruit obtained with most of the treatment combinations. Substantial losses of SO2 occurred at 20C. Rehydration and resulphuring increased chroma and hue values of the fruit. Storage of processed fruit at OC was effective in preventing discoloration, irrespective of treatment, while discoloration took place at 25C. [source] Preservation of Microstructure in Peach and Mango during High-pressure-shift FreezingJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2000L. Otero ABSTRACT: A histological technique was used to evaluate modifications on the microstructure of peach and mango due to classical methods of freezing and those produced by high-pressure-shift freezing (HPSF). With the high-pressure-shift method, samples are cooled under pressure (200 MPa) to -20°C without ice formation, then pressure is released to atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). The high level of supercooling (approximately 20°C) leads to uniform and rapid ice nucleation throughout the volume of the specimen. This method maintained the original tissue structure to a great extent. Since problems associated with thermal gradients are minimized, high-pressure-shift freezing prevented quality losses due to freeze-cracking or large ice crystal presence. [source] Immunolocalization and Histocytopathological Effects of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni on Naturally Infected Leaf and Fruit Tissues of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch)JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008J. Aarrouf Abstract Immunofluorescence and cytohistochemical studies have been performed to understand the host,parasite relationships in the pathosystem: peach,Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap). Using a commercial immunodetection kit, Xap cells were specifically identified in tissues from infected leaves and fruits. Sections from infected leaves showed that the pathogen penetrates the mesophyll via stomata and develops in the intercellular spaces where it degrades the cell wall components. This leads to cell collapse and consequently to the formation of necrotic lesions. The same events have been noted in sections from infected fruits. However, the contaminated zones of mesocarp parenchyma exhibited cell dedifferentiation and generated somatic embryo-like structures. Sections from midrib samples collected at different distances from infected lamina revealed the presence of Xap cells in the sieve tubes and xylem suggesting a systemic trafficking of the pathogen. The results are discussed in terms of cytological effects and epidemiology of Xap. [source] Distribution of Peach latent mosaic viroid in Commercial Orchards of Peach in the North of TunisiaJOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7-8 2007I. Fekih Hassen Abstract The presence of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) was monitored during 2 years in peach orchards located in the North of Tunisia. PLMVd population was surveyed using a specific RT-PCR test adapted to crude sap extract. During the first year (2004), 228 samples were randomly selected in 22 peach orchards (eight cultivars) and tested for the presence of PLMVd. Results showed that PLMVd is highly and equally present in four regions of the North of Tunisia. Analyses of some key factors in relation to PLMVd incidence revealed that the tree age did not influence the infection rate. The eight studied cultivars were clustered in three groups according to their PLMVd incidence. Furthermore, the early and season cultivars were statistically more infected than the late cultivars. Prospections in May and October 2005 were performed in four selected orchards. Each two orchards contained Early May Crest (early cultivar) and Carnival (late cultivar) cultivars, respectively. The difference in PLMVd incidence observed in 2004 was confirmed. Furthermore, no correlation between the tree physiological state and the viroid detection was observed. Further investigations on the origin of the differences in PLMVd incidence between Early May Crest and Carnival cultivars would be of interest. [source] Effect of preharvest sprays containing calcium, magnesium and titanium on the quality of peaches and nectarines at harvest and during postharvest storageJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 11 2004María Serrano Abstract Peach and nectarine trees were foliar sprayed with a formulation containing Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ti4+. Parameters related to fruit quality were evaluated at harvest, after 7,28 days of cold storage and after subsequent ripening for 4 days at 20 °C (shelf life). At harvest, treated fruits from both cultivars had higher weight and pulp firmness than control fruits, while no effect was observed for either colour, total soluble solid content (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) or the time required to ripen on the tree. During cold storage, lower levels of weight loss, colour evolution, TSS/TA ratio and ethylene production and higher pulp firmness were found in treated peaches and nectarines compared with control fruits. Also, the storability of treated fruits was extended for up to 14 days more than that of control fruits. During ripening at 20 °C after different periods of cold storage, parameters related to ripening evolved faster in control than in treated fruits. Also, the occurrence of the climacteric peak of ethylene production was delayed and its intensity was lower in treated peaches and nectarines than in controls. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Characterization of peach thaumatin-like proteins and their identification as major peach allergensCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 9 2010A. Palacín Summary Background Peach is the most important fruit related to food allergy in the Mediterranean area. Pru p 3, its lipid transfer protein, has been described as the principal allergen responsible for cross-reactivities with other foods and pollen and the severity of clinical symptoms. However, the involvement of other allergenic families cannot be ruled out. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) have been described as food allergen in several fruits, such as apple, cherry, kiwi and banana, and pollen. Objective To identify members of the TLP family in peach fruit and to characterize putative allergens. Methods Through two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis of peach extract and immunodetections with a pool of peach-allergic patients, IgE-binding spots were identified and the corresponding proteins purified and characterized as allergens by in vitro and in vivo assays. Three isoforms, belonging to the TLP family, were purified by different chromatographic systems and characterized by N -terminal amino acid sequences, molecular weight determination (MALDI) and enzymatic activity analysis (,-1,3-gluconase test and inhibition growth of fungi). In the same way, their IgE-binding capacity and allergenic activity were tested by ELISA assays, basophil activation tests and skin prick tests (SPT). Results Two peach-TLPs, Pru p 2.0101 and Pru p 2.0201, were identified as IgE-binding spots by 2D electrophoresis. Another peach-TLP, Pru p 2.0301, was cloned and produced as recombinant protein in a yeast system. The three isoforms were purified and characterized as TLPs by immunoblotting with anti-chestnut TLP antibodies and anti-plant N -asparagine complex glycan (anti-cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant). All of them showed ,-1,3-glucanase activity and inhibition of fungal growth. The three TLPs were recognized by around 50% of the sera from 31 patients analysed in ELISA experiments. All three gave a positive response to an SPT and/or in basophil activation experiments. Conclusion Three isoforms, belonging to the TLP family, were identified in peach as principal allergens. Their prevalence, observed in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo analyses, suggests that they are important allergens and should therefore be included in the routine diagnosis of peach allergy, at least in the Mediterranean area. Cite this as: A. Palacín, L. Tordesillas, P. Gamboa, R. Sanchez-Monge, J. Cuesta-Herranz, M. L. Sanz, D. Barber, G. Salcedo and A. Díaz-Perales, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1422,1430. [source] Allergy to plant-derived fresh foods in a birch- and ragweed-free areaCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 10 2000J. Cuesta-Herranz Background Allergy to plant-derived fresh foods has often been reported in geographical areas where birch or ragweed pollens are frequent and has been attributed to cross-reactivity to pollens. Objective The aim of this study has been to evaluate allergy to plant-derived fresh foods among pollen-allergic patients from a birch and ragweed-free area. Methods Ninety-five pollen-allergic patients took part in the study. The study consisted of a questionnaire, skin prick tests and challenge tests. Pollen skin tests to five grasses, eight trees and seven weeds were performed in duplicate. Prick tests (prick by prick) and challenge tests were carried out with the fresh foods. Results Most patients allergic to pollens were sensitized to grass (Lolium and Phleum; 97.9%), followed by tree (Olea; 82.1%) and weed pollens (Plantago; 64.2%). 35 of the 95 pollen-allergic patients had positive skin test responses to some plant-derived fresh foods, the highest percentage corresponding to several fruits in the Rosaceae family (peach and pear, 26.3%), followed by Cucurbitacea fruits (melon, 13.7%). The 21.05% of the pollen-allergic patients were allergic to some type of plant-derived fresh food. Peach was the plant-derived fresh food which most frequently elicited allergy symptoms (12.6%), followed by melon (7.36%). The cluster of positive responses to Rosaceae fruits was higher for skin testing than for challenge testing. Conclusion Peach was the most important allergy provoking fruit in a birch and ragweed free-area where apples were consumed at a rate of two times more than peaches and the patients allergic to pollen were principally sensitized to grass pollens. [source] EFFECT OF METHOD OF PRESERVATION OF PULP ON THE QUALITY OF CARBONATED AND NONCARBONATED BEVERAGES PREPARED FROM PEACH FRUITJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 6 2009SHEETU ARORA ABSTRACT Peach pulp preserved by different methods, i.e., processing at 100C for 30 min, potassium metabisulphite (KMS; 2,000 ppm), sodium benzoate (750 ppm) and mixture of KMS and sodium benzoate (1,000 and 375 ppm) had no significant effect on total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, TSS : acid ratio, pH of carbonated as well as noncarbonated beverages. Carbonated beverages prepared from pulp with 750 ppm of sodium benzoate retained significantly (P , 0.05) higher carbon dioxide (CO2) content and CO2 gas : volume during storage. Color of the beverages prepared from peach pulp containing KMS was better but the beverages prepared from peach pulp preserved by processing and addition of sodium benzoate were organoleptically more acceptable. Both carbonated and noncarbonated drinks remained organoleptically acceptable throughout storage. Suspension of carbonated beverages was significantly (P , 0.05) higher during storage as compared with noncarbonated beverages. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Peaches are valued as a table fruit for a short period of time from end of April to end of May. The acceptability and utilization of this fruit can be increased by processing it into delicious carbonated and noncarbonated beverages. This will provide nutritious drink to the consumers and also help in increasing the fruit cultivation resulting in good returns to the growers. This study will also help to give a fillip to the establishment of a peach beverage industry world wide. [source] Development and variability analysis of microsatellite markers in peachPLANT BREEDING, Issue 1 2002M. J. Aranzana Abstract A genomic DNA library enriched with AG/CT repeats has been developed from the peach cultivar ,Merrill O'Henry'. The enrichment method was efficient, with 61% of the clones obtained carrying a microsatellite sequence and a yield of one polymorphic microsatellite every 2.17 sequenced clones. From 35 microsatellites detected, 24 were polymorphic in a set of 25 cultivars including 14 peaches and 11 nectarines. A total of 82 alleles were found with the polymorphic microsatellites, with an average of a 37% of observed heterozygosity. Microsatellites with a high number of repeats were generally those having the largest number of alleles. All cultivars except two (,Spring Lady' and ,Queencrest') could be individually distinguished with the markers used. Just three selected microsatellites were enough for the discrimination of 24 out of the 25 possible genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped all nectarines in a single cluster. Peaches, with 75 of the 82 alleles found, were more variable than nectarines, with only 64. Microsatellites appear to be powerful and suitable markers for application in peach genetics and breeding. [source] Nitrogen fertilization effects on Myzus persicae aphid dynamics on peach: vegetative growth allocation or chemical defence?ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 2 2010Marie-Hélène Sauge Abstract Plant nitrogen (N) fertilization is a common cropping practice that is expected to serve as a pest management tool. Its effects on the dynamics of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were examined on young peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae)] trees grown under five N treatments, ranging from N shortage to supra-optimal supply for growth. Aphid population increased over time at the three intermediate N levels. It remained stable at the lowest N level and decreased at the highest N level. Four weeks after the start of infestation, the number of aphids displayed a parabolic response to N level. The relationships between N status and parameters of plant vegetative growth (stem diameter) or biomass allocation (lateral-total leaf area and root-shoot ratio) were consistent with responses proposed by models of adaptive plasticity in resource allocation patterns. However, the variation in plant growth predicted aphid population dynamics only partially. Whereas aphid number was positively correlated with plant N status and vegetative growth up to the intermediate N level, it was negatively correlated with plant N status above this level, but not with vegetative growth. The concentrations of primary and secondary (plant defence-related) metabolites in the plant shoots were modified by N treatments: amino acids (main nutritional resource of aphids) and prunasin increased, whereas chlorogenic acid decreased with increasing N availability. Constitutive changes in plant chemistry in response to N fertilization could not directly explain the reduced aphid performance for the highest N level. Nevertheless, the indirect effect of N on the induction of plant defence compounds by aphid feeding warrants further investigation. The study focuses on the feasibility of handling N fertilization to control M. persicae in orchards, but findings may also be relevant for our understanding of the physiological relationships between the host's nutritional status and the requirements of the insect. [source] Genetic variation in Myzus persicae populations associated with host-plant and life cycle categoryENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 3 2001Kiriaki Zitoudi Abstract Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied on 96 clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) representing seven populations collected from different host-plants and regions of Greece. Ten decamer random primers were used to evaluate genetic variation among the examined samples. Despite the variability found between clones, no specific RAPD marker was detected to discriminate the different populations. A significant finding was that aphids from peach and pepper, which were collected far away from tobacco-growing regions, especially those from peach, showed genetic divergence from the tobacco-feeding clones. Moreover, data analysis revealed a significant genetic divergence between holocyclic and anholocyclic populations from tobacco. Lastly, holocyclic clones showed higher level of estimated heterozygosity than the nonholocyclic (anholocyclic, androcyclic and intermediate) ones. [source] Hosts and symptoms of Plum pox virus: fruiting Prunus speciesEPPO BULLETIN, Issue 2 2006G. Llácer A description of plum pox (sharka) symptoms on European and Japanese plum, apricot, peach, sweet and sour cherry and almond is presented. Plum pox is a serious disease mainly because it produces severe symptoms on fruits of numerous cultivars of Prunus species, causing fruit to fall or making them unfit for consumption. [source] Epidemiology of sharka disease in FranceEPPO BULLETIN, Issue 2 2006G. Labonne Plum pox virus was first detected in France in the 1960s. Both PPV-D and PPV-M strains are present but epidemics related to the PPV-M strain detected in the late 1980s are the most problematic. The two PPV strains have unequal distributions in peach and apricot orchards and different prevalences. More than 20 different aphid species have been identified as vectors of PPV but most of them do not colonize Prunus species. Thus, aphids involved in the spread of PPV in orchards are essentially visiting aphids. The main sources of inoculum for the vectors are leaves and fruits of infected stone-fruit trees. Spontaneous, wild and ornamental Prunus species such as Prunus dulcis, P. spinosa or P. pissardii are susceptible to PPV isolates found in France but their role as a reservoir in sharka epidemics is probably negligible. The disease spreads rapidly in orchards but the rate of progression may vary according to the identity of the PPV strain and the Prunus species. Analysis of spatial patterns of disease has shown that secondary spread by aphids frequently occurs over short distances in the orchards (aggregated patterns) but also that dissemination at longer distances (of several hundred metres) is a common event. [source] Supercritical CO2 and N2O pasteurisation of peach and kiwi juiceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2010Sara Spilimbergo Summary The microbial inactivation and qualitative parameters (pH, sugar content, titratable acidity, absorbance at 420 nm and turbidity) of peach and kiwi juices treated at 35 °C with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and nitrous oxide (SC-N2O) were determined as a function of pressure and treatment time. Total inactivation of both naturally occurring microorganisms and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (105 cfu mL,1) was obtained after 15 min of SC-CO2/N2O treatment, 10 MPa and 35 °C, for both juices. No significant changes in chemical-physical or in sensorial characteristics between untreated and treated juice were detected. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility and the potential of SC-CO2/N2O treatment as an alternative low temperature pasteurisation process for peach and kiwi juices. [source] The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on peach fruit (Prunus persica L. cv. Jiubao) ripening and disease resistanceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Hongxia Liu Summary In order to learn how 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) affects ripening and disease-resistance of peach fruit (Prunus persica L. cv. Jiubao) after harvest, they were treated with 1-MCP and some were inoculated with Penicillium expansum. Treating peach fruit with 0.2 ,L L,1 of 1-MCP at 22 °C for 24 h effectively slowed the decline in fruit firmness. The minimal concentration of 1-MCP able to inhibit fruit softening was 0.6 ,L L,1. Changes in other parameters related to peach ripening, such as content of soluble solids, total soluble sugar, titratable acidity, soluble pectin and ethylene production were also significantly reduced or delayed by 1-MCP. Repeated treatment of peach with 1-MCP resulted in more effective inhibition of ripening. Post-harvest decay of peach fruit was reduced by treatment with 1-MCP and disease progress in fruit inoculated with P. expansum was reduced. The activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in the inoculated fruit were also enhanced by 1-MCP. [source] Geostatistical characterization of the spatial distribution of Grapholita molesta and Anarsia lineatella males in an agricultural landscapeJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2006A. Sciarretta Abstract:, The results obtained in spatial analysis of pheromone trap catches of oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella (Zeller), are reported. The studies were performed in the Molise region, central Italy, during 2002 and 2003. Local distributions of oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer males were considered in a heterogeneous landscape. The aim of the study was to determine the temporal and spatial variation in distribution and abundance of the insect pests inside small plots of fruit orchards (apple, kiwi, peach, pear and plum fruits) and outside (in field crops, irrigation channels, hedgerows and a river), and to evaluate the importance of the host plants in relation to the adult distributions. Results showed that the main ,hot spot' for both lepidopterous pests was in a stone fruit orchard in the northern zone of the study area; other infested areas were in stone orchards and, in the case of A. lineatella, also in plum orchards. The river seems to act as a barrier rather than an ecological corridor. The observed spatio-temporal distributions of G. molesta and A. lineatella differed and were determined mainly by the location of the most important host plants and by the tendency of males to move in the environment, i.e. inside and outside the breeding and mating sites. Adequate knowledge of these spatial processes should be considered as an essential prerequisite for integrated pest management programmes in a precision farming approach. [source] Relating Descriptive Sensory Analysis to Gas Chromatography/Olfactometry Ratings of Fresh Strawberries Using Partial Least Squares RegressionJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2004K.F. Schulbach ABSTRACT: Sensory properties of 5 strawberry varieties were related to gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/ O) analysis using partial least squares regression (PLS). The sour and green sensory aspects were strongly associated with titratable acidity, hexanal, and E-2 hexenal. The caramel/sweet character was differentiated from the strawberry/fruity character by its stronger association with Furaneol, which had a high score in the 2nd PLS dimension. The sensory scores for peach and the GC/O ratings for the peach-like lactones were also associated. The fruity sensory scores and the floral sensory scores were not well correlated with compounds having fruity or floral character. This lack of relationship could partially be explained by covariance among the sensory ratings for the samples. [source] Preservation of Microstructure in Peach and Mango during High-pressure-shift FreezingJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2000L. Otero ABSTRACT: A histological technique was used to evaluate modifications on the microstructure of peach and mango due to classical methods of freezing and those produced by high-pressure-shift freezing (HPSF). With the high-pressure-shift method, samples are cooled under pressure (200 MPa) to -20°C without ice formation, then pressure is released to atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). The high level of supercooling (approximately 20°C) leads to uniform and rapid ice nucleation throughout the volume of the specimen. This method maintained the original tissue structure to a great extent. Since problems associated with thermal gradients are minimized, high-pressure-shift freezing prevented quality losses due to freeze-cracking or large ice crystal presence. [source] Bioassay and Identification of Root Exudates of Three Fruit Tree SpeciesJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Jiang-Hong Zhang Abstract A laboratory bioassay was designed to determine the allelopathic potential of root exudates of three fruit tree species on apple germination. The results showed that root exudates of apple (Malus pumila L.) and peach (Prunus persica L.), each at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/L, inhibited germination and radicle growth of apple seeds by 56.7%, 60.7%, 51.5%, and 59.3%, respectively. The corresponding shoot growth inhibition rate was 49.5%, 46.7%, 36.4%, and 44%, respectively. Root exudates of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) had no significant effect on apple seeds. Qualitative determination of root exudates of apple, peach, and jujube tree was developed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The root exudates of apple seedlings mainly contain organic acids, glycol, esters, and benzenphenol derivatives. Peach root exudates contained phenolic acids and benzenphenol derivatives in addition to two unidentified compounds. The root exudates of jujube did not contain any phenolic acids. [source] Immunolocalization and Histocytopathological Effects of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni on Naturally Infected Leaf and Fruit Tissues of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch)JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008J. Aarrouf Abstract Immunofluorescence and cytohistochemical studies have been performed to understand the host,parasite relationships in the pathosystem: peach,Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap). Using a commercial immunodetection kit, Xap cells were specifically identified in tissues from infected leaves and fruits. Sections from infected leaves showed that the pathogen penetrates the mesophyll via stomata and develops in the intercellular spaces where it degrades the cell wall components. This leads to cell collapse and consequently to the formation of necrotic lesions. The same events have been noted in sections from infected fruits. However, the contaminated zones of mesocarp parenchyma exhibited cell dedifferentiation and generated somatic embryo-like structures. Sections from midrib samples collected at different distances from infected lamina revealed the presence of Xap cells in the sieve tubes and xylem suggesting a systemic trafficking of the pathogen. The results are discussed in terms of cytological effects and epidemiology of Xap. [source] Characterization of A New Almond Witches' Broom Phytoplasma in IranJOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7-8 2006M. Salehi Abstract Almond witches' broom (AlmWB) is a destructive disease in several provinces in Iran. Association of phytoplasma with the disease has been established previously. In the present work two phytoplasmas from Khafr (KAlmWB) and Neyriz (NAlmWB) in the Fars Province were compared by biological and molecular analysis. Both infected bitter almond, wild almond, peach and nectarine but not apple and pear, by grafting. In bitter almond the symptoms induced by KAlmWB consisted of severe proliferation, internode shortening and leaf size reduction. In contrast, NAlmWB caused leaf necrosis, dieback and death. KAlmWB was transmitted to periwinkle and eggplant and from experimentally infected periwinkle to almond by dodder. It was also transmitted from eggplant to eggplant, ornamental eggplant and tomato by grafting. Under similar test conditions, NAlmWB was not transmitted to herbaceous plants by dodder. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S,23S rDNA spacer region (SR) sequences placed both strains in the pigeon pea witches' broom (PPWB) group. However, based on phylogenetic and putative restriction site analyses and sequence homology, NAlmWB was identical with the Lebanese AlmWB phytoplasma, while KAlmWB was closer to the Knautia arvensis phyllody (KAP) agent. Clustering of KAlmWB with KAP was confirmed by analysis of full length 16S rDNA sequence. On the basis of host range, dodder transmission, host range, symptomatology and molecular analyses of 16S rDNA and SR, two different phytoplasmas related to PPWB group were associated with AlmWB disease in Iran. KAlmWB phytoplasma is being reported as a new phytoplasma of AlmWB disease. [source] Boron concentrations in selected foods from borate-producing regions in TurkeyJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 6 2003Atilla Simsek Abstract As part of a large-scale programme to investigate the health effects of exposure to borate minerals in Turkey, boron concentrations in vegetables, fruits and some other foods were determined. From all borate-producing regions of the country, 22 species of fruit, 17 species of vegetable, 12 species of cereal, legume and oilseed, three species of herbs and six types of other food were collected in 1999 and analysed for boron concentrations using the Azomethine H method. The results were compared with 37 types of food collected from areas well distant from the borate-producing areas. The total number of samples evaluated was 420. Pistachio (67.0 mg kg,1) had the highest concentration of boron, followed by grape leaf (60.48 mg kg,1), sour cherry (57.03 mg kg,1), quince (38.78 mg kg,1), peach (34.49 mg kg,1), grape (20.70 mg kg,1), green beans (19.49 mg kg,1), unripe peach (18.92 mg kg,1) and parsley (10.24 mg kg,1) from the borate-producing regions. A large number of foods contained boron at higher concentrations than those reported in the literature, most probably due to the high boron content of these Turkish soils. According to the results of t -tests, the area itself does not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on boron concentration in all foods evaluated so far. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Systemic reactions to peach are associated with high levels of specific IgE to Pru p 3ALLERGY, Issue 12 2009R. E. Rossi No abstract is available for this article. [source] Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sublingual immunotherapy with a Pru p 3 quantified peach extractALLERGY, Issue 6 2009M. Fernández-Rivas Background:, Peach allergy is highly prevalent in the Mediterranean area; it is persistent and potentially severe, and therefore a prime target for immunotherapy. We aimed to study the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with a peach extract quantified in mass units for Pru p 3, the peach lipid transfer protein. Methods:, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) clinical trial. The main efficacy outcome was the change in the response to a DBPC food challenge (DBPCFC) with peach. Secondary efficacy outcomes were the changes in skin prick test (SPT), and in specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG4 to Pru p 3. Tolerance was assessed with a careful recording of adverse events. Results:, After 6 months of SLIT, the active group tolerated a significantly higher amount of peach (three- to ninefold), presented a significant decrease (5.3 times) in SPT, and a significant increase in IgE and IgG4 to Pru p 3. No significant changes were observed within the placebo group. Statistically significant inter-group differences were only observed in the SPT and IgG4 responses. No serious adverse events were reported. Systemic reactions were mild, and observed with a similar frequency in both groups. Local reactions were significantly more frequent in the active group (three times) and 95% of them restricted to the oral cavity. Conclusion:, In this first exploratory clinical trial, SLIT for peach allergy seems to be a promising therapeutic option that could modify the clinical reactivity of the patients to peach intake and the underlying immunological response with a good tolerance. [source] Reported food allergy to peanut, tree nuts and fruit: comparison of clinical manifestations, prescription of medication and impact on daily lifeALLERGY, Issue 7 2008T. M. Le Background: Peanut (PN), tree nuts (TN) and fruits are frequent causes of food allergy (FA). Peanut and TN are believed to cause more severe reactions than fruits. However, there are no studies comparing the severity of PN, TN and fruit allergy within one patient group. Methods: Four-hundred and eleven adult patients referred to our tertiary allergy center with suspicion of FA completed a standardized questionnaire. Patients with a typical history of immunoglubulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy, e.g. oropharyngeal symptoms to PN, TN (hazelnut, walnut, cashew nut) or fruit (apple, kiwi, peach, pear and cherry) were recruited (218/411). The objective was to evaluate differences in clinical severity between PN, TN and fruit allergy and how this was reflected by prescription of emergency medication and impact on daily life. Results: Eighty-two percent of the included 218 patients were sensitized to the respective foods. The percentages of severe symptoms (i.e. respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms) in PN, TN and fruit allergic patients were respectively 47%, 39% and 31% (respiratory) and 11%, 5.0% and 3.4% (cardiovascular). Prescription and use of emergency medication (epinephrine, antihistamines and steroids) did not differ among the three groups. The majority of patients with a PN or TN allergy (72%) and fruit allergy (62%) reported that FA influences their daily life considerably. Conclusions: Fruit allergy causes less severe symptoms than TN and especially PN allergy. However, this is not reflected in the prescription or use of emergency medication. This may indicate that physicians are not fully acquainted with the guidelines for prescription of emergency medication. A high impact on daily life was found both in PN, TN and in fruit allergy. [source] Microsatellites isolated in almond from an AC-repeat enriched libraryMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 3 2004R. TESTOLIN Abstract We have isolated 44 SSRs from an AC-enriched genomic library from almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch.). Twenty SSRs were screened for their polymorphism in 16 cultivars and for their transportability in seven different Prunus species (peach, nectarine, apricot, European plum, Japanese plum, sweet cherry, sour cherry) and in apple. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.62 to 0.89. About 30% of primers gave successful amplification in seven different Prunus species; in two cases amplifications were obtained also in apple. [source] Microsatellite markers in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] derived from an enriched genomic and cDNA librariesMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 3 2002T. Yamamoto Abstract Twenty-four and 12 microsatellite loci were developed in peach [Prunus persica (L) Batsch cv. Akatsuki] by using an enriched genomic and fruit cDNA libraries, respectively. The microsatellite loci obtained from an enriched library produced 1,9 alleles per locus, 24 in total, of which 22 showed polymorphisms. The average values of observed and expected heterozygosities among the 24 loci were 0.15 and 0.68, respectively. The microsatellite loci derived from cDNA showed 1,7 alleles per locus. Eight sequences showed significant homology to the registered genes in a database. [source] Development and variability analysis of microsatellite markers in peachPLANT BREEDING, Issue 1 2002M. J. Aranzana Abstract A genomic DNA library enriched with AG/CT repeats has been developed from the peach cultivar ,Merrill O'Henry'. The enrichment method was efficient, with 61% of the clones obtained carrying a microsatellite sequence and a yield of one polymorphic microsatellite every 2.17 sequenced clones. From 35 microsatellites detected, 24 were polymorphic in a set of 25 cultivars including 14 peaches and 11 nectarines. A total of 82 alleles were found with the polymorphic microsatellites, with an average of a 37% of observed heterozygosity. Microsatellites with a high number of repeats were generally those having the largest number of alleles. All cultivars except two (,Spring Lady' and ,Queencrest') could be individually distinguished with the markers used. Just three selected microsatellites were enough for the discrimination of 24 out of the 25 possible genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped all nectarines in a single cluster. Peaches, with 75 of the 82 alleles found, were more variable than nectarines, with only 64. Microsatellites appear to be powerful and suitable markers for application in peach genetics and breeding. [source] Use of decreasing foliar carbon isotope discrimination during water limitation as a carbon tracer to study whole plant carbon allocationPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 5 2002S. K. Arndt Abstract Foliar carbon isotope discrimination (,) of C3 plants decreases in water-deficit situations as discrimination by the photosynthetic primary carboxylation reaction decreases. This diminished , in leaves under water deficit can be used as a tracer to study whole plant carbon allocation patterns. Carbon isotope composition (,13C value) of leaf hot water extracts or leaf tissue sap represents a short-term integral of leaf carbon isotope discrimination and thus represents the ,13C value of source carbon that may be distributed within a plant in water-deficit situations. By plotting the ,13C values of source carbon against the ,13C values of sink tissues, such as roots or stems, it is possible to assess carbon allocation to and incorporation into sink organs in relation to already present biomass. This natural abundance labelling method has been tested in three independent experiments, a one-year field study with the fruit tree species Ziziphus mauritiana and peach (Prunus persica), a medium-term drought stress experiment with Ziziphus rotundifolia trees in the glasshouse, and a short-term drought stress experiment with soybean (Glycine max). The data show that the natural abundance labelling method can be applied to qualitatively assess carbon allocation in drought-stressed plants. Although it is not possible to estimate exact fluxes of assimilated carbon during water deficit the method represents an easy to use tool to study integrated plant adaptations to drought stress. In addition, it is a less laborious method that can be applied in field studies as well as in controlled experiments, with plants from any developmental stage. [source] Genetic diversity, presence of the syrB gene, host preference and virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strains from woody and herbaceous host plantsPLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2003M. Scortichini A total of 101 Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strains, obtained from international culture collections or isolated from diseased tissues of herbaceous and woody plant species, were assessed by repetitive PCR using the BOX primer, and for the presence of the syrB gene. Representative strains were also tested for pathogenicity to lilac, pear, peach, corn and bean, as well as for virulence to lemon and zucchini fruits. The unweighted pair-group method using arithmethic averages analysis (UPGMA) of genomic fingerprints revealed 17 different patterns which grouped into three major clusters, A, B and C. Most of the strains (52·4%) were included in patterns 1,4 of group A. These patterns comprised strains obtained from either herbaceous or woody species, and showed four fragments of similar mobility. Genetic variability was ascertained for strains isolated from apple, pear, apricot, Citrus spp. and cereals. No clear relationship was observed between host plant and bacterial genomic fingerprint. Variability was also observed in pathogenicity and virulence tests. The inoculation of pear leaves discriminated strains isolated from pear as well as the very aggressive strains, whereas inoculation of lilac, peach and corn did not discriminate the host plant from which the strains were originally isolated. Lemon fruit inoculation proved very effective for P. syringae pv. syringae virulence assessment. The syrB gene was present in almost all strains. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||