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Patient's Face (patient + face)
Selected AbstractsBiting Behavior, Aggression, and SeizuresEPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2005Carlo Alberto Tassinari Summary:,Purpose: To describe the semiologic features of aggressive behaviors observed in human epileptic seizures with particular reference to the act of biting a conspecific. Methods: We analyzed the biting behavior (BB) and other aggressive gestures occurring in a group of 11 patients retrospectively selected from >1,000 patients subjected to video-EEG/SEEG monitoring for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant seizures. Results: Patients displaying BB showed (a) a male sex predominance, (b) heterogeneous etiologies and lesion locations, and (c) seizures involving the frontotemporal regions of both hemispheres. The act of biting was a rapid motor action, lasting ,600 ms, occurring in the context of strong emotional arousal, fear, and anger, with various bodily gestures with aggressive connotation. BB was mainly a "reflexive" behavior, in that biting acts were evoked (both during and after seizures) by actions of people in close contact with the patient. The sole intrusion of the examiner's hand in the space near the patient's face was effective in triggering BB. Rarely, self-directed or object-directed biting acts were not triggered by external stimuli. Intracranial data (SEEG) obtained in one subject showed that the amygdala/hippocampal region plus the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex had to be involved by ictal activity to observe BB. Conclusions: Anatomic and electrophysiologic data in our patients suggest that a model of dual,temporal and frontal,dysfunction could account for the occurrence of ictal/postictal BB. Behavioral data suggest also that BB and related aggressive gestures can be considered as the emergence of instinctive behaviors with an adaptative significance of defense of the peripersonal space. [source] Surface laser scanning to routinely produce casts for patient immobilization during radiotherapy*JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2007B McKernan Summary Immobilization casts are used to reduce patient movement during the radiotherapy of head and neck and brain malignancies. Polyethylene-based casts are produced by first taking a Plaster of Paris ,negative' impression of the patient. A ,positive' mould is then made, which is used to vacuum form an immobilization cast. Taking the ,negative' cast can be messy, stressful for patients and labour intensive. Recently, lightweight hand-held laser surface scanners have become available. These allow an accurate 3-D representation of objects to be generated non-invasively. This technology has now been applied to the production of casts for radiotherapy. Each patient's face and head is digitized using the Polhemus FastSCAN (Polhemus, Colchester, VT, USA) scanner. The electronic data are transferred to a computer numerical controlled mill, where a positive impression is machined. The feasibility of the process was examined, the labour required and radiation therapists' satisfaction with aspects of the produced masks assessed. The scanner-based method of mask production was found to be simple, accurate and non-invasive. There was a reduction in radiation therapist labour required. Masks produced with the scanner-based method were reported to result in improved mask fitting, daily reproducibility, patient immobilization and patient comfort. [source] COMPARISON OF SIX NON-INVASIVE SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN TECHNIQUES IN DOGS AND CATSJOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue S1 2004MH Engelhardt Objective: To determine the amount of time required to reach the highest concentrations of oxygen at the patient's face and to determine what these highest concentrations of oxygen were with various non-invasive methods of providing supplemental oxygen using a commercial oxygen content analyzer. Procedure: Three healthy cats and 3 healthy dogs were each individually given supplemental oxygen by 6 different means, each done at 2 rates (5 L and 15 L per minute). The methods tested were: 1) Plastic sheet over conventional cage door (PSCD); 2) Blow-by where the tubing delivering the oxygen was held 8 cm from the face (BB); 3) Large plastic bag covering the patient (BAG); 4) Anesthesia induction chamber (AIC); 5) Synder oxygen cage (SOC); and 6) Crowe Oxygen E-Collar (COC). Prior to the testing, the commercial oxygen content analyzer (Mini-Ox) was calibrated. Results: Significant repeatable differences were consistently observed between the 6 methods of oxygen delivery. Results of both 5 L and 15 L/min oxygen flow rates consistently indicated that the highest oxygen concentrations were achieved with the anesthesia induction chamber and large plastic bag with oxygen concentrations reaching approximately 95% and 90%, respectively between 5 to 15 min. The BAG method had the advantage of allowing additional room for patient manipulation and the ability to place intravenous catheters while continuing to give supplemental oxygen. The plastic sheet covering a conventional cage door provided oxygen concentrations of 50% and 60% at 15 and 45 min, respectively. The Crowe Oxygen E-Collar achieved oxygen concentrations of 70% in 1.5 min. Blow-by was found to be the simplest method. It increased FiO2 to 40% within 2 min. The Synder oxygen cage was able to achieve 45% oxygen concentration within 30 min with an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min. It was able to achieve 60% at 45 min (similar to the plastic bag on the cage). Conclusion: The order of effectiveness of providing non-invasive oxygen supplementation, from the highest to the lowest concentrations, was AIC, BAG, COC, PSCD, SOC, and BB. The fastest to the slowest increases in oxygen concentrations followed the same order at both 5 L and 15 L/min oxygen flow rate and they were BB, COC, AIC, BAG, PSCD, and SOC. SOC was the most inefficient means of providing oxygen while AIC, BAG and COC were the most efficient. [source] Learning to look: developing clinical observational skills at an art museumMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 12 2001Charles L Bardes Context Clinical diagnosis involves the observation, description, and interpretation of visual information. These skills are also the special province of the visual arts. We describe an educational collaboration between a medical school and an art museum, designed for the purpose of developing student skills in observation, description, and interpretation. Objectives In the programme, medical students first examine painted portraits, under the tutelage of art educators and medical school faculty. Then, the students examine photographs of patients' faces and apply the same skills. Conclusion This programme, well-received by students and faculty, appeared to help the students not only in improving their empirical skills in observation, but also in developing increased awareness of emotional and character expression in the human face. [source] | ||||||||||