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Paternal Education (paternal + education)
Selected AbstractsPredictors of neurodevelopmental outcome of Malaysian very low birthweight children at 4 years of ageJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 4 2001LC Ong Objective: To determine neonatal, early developmental and social risk factors that predict the neurocognitive and behavioural outcome of very low birthweight (VLBW) preschool children at four years of age. Methodology: From a cohort of 151 eligible VLBW survivors born in Kuala Lumpur Maternity Hospital, 116 (76.8%) were prospectively followed up from birth till four years. A standardised neurological examination was performed at one and four years to determine the presence of impairment and cerebral palsy, respectively. Cognitive development was assessed using the Mental Scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (MDI) at one year and the Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WIPPSI-R) at four years. Motor coordination was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement-ABC). Mothers completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI) questionnaires. Logistic and multiple regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with cerebral palsy, IQ scores, Movement-ABC and CBCL scores. Results: Factors associated with cerebral palsy were lower MDI scores at one year (P = 0.001) and late neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities (P = 0.036). Minor (P = 0.016) or major impairment (P = 0.003) at one year of age and a low level of paternal education (P = 0.01) were associated with poor motor function on the Movement-ABC scale. Lower levels of maternal education (P < 0.001), impairment at one year (P = 0.002) and late neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities (P = 0.039) predicted Full Scale IQ scores. Higher PSI scores (P = 0.001), younger mothers (P = 0.003) and late neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities (P = 0.009) were associated with worsened child behaviour scores on the CBCL scale. Conclusion: Social factors and the caregiving environment were important determinants of cognitive and behavioural outcome. Cranial ultrasound abnormalities in the late neonatal period and the developmental status at one year might be useful in identifying high risk infants in need of long-term surveillance. [source] Determinants of atopic sensitization in Turkish school children: Effects of pre- and post-natal events and maternal atopyPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Semanur Kuyucu Emergence of new environmental risk factors, and/or loss of protective factors of a traditional lifestyle may explain the increase, or variations in prevalence of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to delineate the prevalence and spectrum of, and to reveal the causal and/or protective factors for atopic sensitization among a heterogenous cohort of Turkish children, for the first time in our country. The study design adhered to International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase II protocol. A self-administered parental questionnaire about demographic characteristics and detailed risk factors, and skin-prick test with 13 allergens were employed in a clustered random sample of 8,11-yr-old Turkish school children. Atopy was defined as the presence of at least one positive skin reaction to any allergen tested. The association between a total of 78 risk factors and different aspects of atopy were analyzed in 1144 children with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of atopy was 20.6%. Most common sensitizations were to grass pollens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blatella germanica. Day care attendance, high paternal education level, male gender and maternal asthma were significant risk factors for atopy. Breastfeeding more than 6 months (compared with 0,6 months), maternal smoking during pregnancy and a birth weight under 2500 g were inversely related to (or protective factors for) atopic sensitization. Maternal atopic disease had significant effects on risk factors pattern. In children with a maternal atopy history a low birth weight, day care attendance and maternal smoking during the first year of life independently increased the risk of atopic sensitization. Gender, breastfeeding and paternal education did not show any association with atopy in this group of children. A history of measles and low gestational age were significant protective factors for mite sensitization. This study showed that children of atopic mothers showed a different profile of risk factors associated with atopic sensitization, when compared with other children. Prenatal and early childhood events had important associations with atopic sensitization. [source] Incidence of acute respiratory infections and the relationship with some factors in infancy in Antalya, TurkeyPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2002Nilay Etiler Abstract Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are one of the major problems of childhood in developing countries. The objective of the study was to obtain the incidence of ARI and its risk factors in Antalya, Turkey. Methods:,We carried out a prospective cohort study on 204 infants who were born between 1 November and 31 December 1997, in the area of two primary health-care units in the Antalya city center. The research group was followed periodically every 2 months by home visits and the infants were investigated to determine their symptoms of ARI. The weight and length of children were measured in every home visit. Additional questions about socioeconomic status, some environmental characteristics, and nutrition practice were asked. Data were entered into the computer and the Z -scores were calculated by the Epi Info 5 package program. The incidence rates, relative risks and confidence intervals were calculated by Microsoft Excel version 5.0 program. Results:,The incidence of ARI was 6.53 episodes per child per year among the children in the research group. The factors that influenced the incidence of ARI were lack of mother's and father's education, heating by wood stove, being a low-birthweight infant, not being completely breast-fed in the first 4 months of life and being stunted. There were no associations between the number of persons per room or smoking status of family members with ARI incidence. Conclusion:,Our results demonstrated that ARI were also associated with some socioeconomic, environmental and nutritional status characteristics such as paternal education, house ownership, breast-feeding, stunting, prematurity and burning of biomass fuels in Turkey. [source] Rates and social patterning of household smoking and breastfeeding in contrasting European settingsCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2005G. Papadimitriou Abstract Objective To compare rates and social patterning of household smoking and breastfeeding in families with newborn infants in birth cohorts in Coventry, UK and Veria, North Greece. Methods Infants born in 1996 in Coventry, 1999 in Veria were recruited into birth cohort studies using similar methodologies. In Coventry recruitment was by family health visitor at the primary visit; in Veria, hospital-based paediatricians enrolled infants at the neonatal examination. Data were collected at the initial contact on household smoking, type of feeding, and household socio-demographic characteristics. Rates of initial breastfeeding and household smoking with 95% confidence intervals were estimated and breastfeeding and household smoking regressed on parental education and housing tenure in logistic regression models. Results Data were available on 2612 Coventry infants and 773 Veria infants. Rates of household smoking and breastfeeding were higher in Veria compared to Coventry. In Coventry, living in rented accommodation and lower maternal and paternal education were associated with household smoking and bottle feeding. Logistic regression models fitted on initiation of breastfeeding failed to show social patterning in Veria but more educated mothers showed a longer duration of breastfeeding. Only low paternal education was associated with household smoking after adjustment for maternal education and housing tenure. Conclusions Smoking and breastfeeding are more prevalent among households with young infants in Veria compared with Coventry. The social patterning of health-related behaviours noted in Coventry is less marked in Veria. The relevance of these findings for public health interventions in the contrasting settings is discussed. [source] | ||||||||||