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Artificial Skin (artificial + skin)
Selected AbstractsOptoelectrothermic Control of Highly Integrated Polymer-Based MEMS Applied in an Artificial SkinADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 9 2009Andreas Richter A large-scale integration technology for MEMS based on the optoelectrothermic control of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel is described and exemplified using an imaging array system, a so-called artificial skin. The hydrogel itself acts as active functional unit, i.e., as actuator. The artificial skin comprises more than 4,000 individual actuators and provides both, visual and palpable artificial impressions of a surface. [source] Tissue Engineered Artificial Skin Composed of Dermis and EpidermisARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 1 2000Eun Kyung Yang Abstract: We made an artificial skin comprised of a stratified layer of keratinocytes and a dermal matrix with a type I collagen containing fibroblasts. In this work, we showed keratinocyte behavior under primary culture, gel contractions varying with concentration of collagen solution, and cell growth plots in the collagen gel. The optimum behavior of dermal equivalent could be obtained using 3.0 mg/ml collagen solution and attached gel culture. The attached gel culture had a jumping effect of growth factor on cell growth at the lag phase. To develop the artificial skin, 1× 105 cells/cm2 of keratinocytes were cultured on the dermal equivalent at air-liquid interface. Finally, to overcome the problem that artificial skin of collagen gel was torn easily during suturing of grafting, we prepared histocompatible collagen mesh and attached the mesh to the bottom of the gel. Cultured artificial skins were successfully grafted onto rats. [source] Optoelectrothermic Control of Highly Integrated Polymer-Based MEMS Applied in an Artificial SkinADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 9 2009Andreas Richter A large-scale integration technology for MEMS based on the optoelectrothermic control of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel is described and exemplified using an imaging array system, a so-called artificial skin. The hydrogel itself acts as active functional unit, i.e., as actuator. The artificial skin comprises more than 4,000 individual actuators and provides both, visual and palpable artificial impressions of a surface. [source] Cosmeceutical properties of levan produced by Zymomonas mobilisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 3 2006K. H. Kim Levan, a polysaccharide that can be produced by both plants and micro-organisms, is a sugar polymer composed of fructose, with-2,6 linkages. Here, we have attempted to assess the possible use of levan produced by Zymomonas mobilis as a cosmeceutical ingredient. In service of this goal, we assessed a host of levan's properties, including its moisturizing effects, cell cytotoxicity, cell proliferation effects and anti-inflammation effects. Levan exhibited a moisturizing effect that was almost exactly the same as that evidenced by hyaluronic acid, as well as a similar cell proliferation effect in human fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Moreover, in our cell proliferation test, which was conducted using bio-artificial skin constructed via 3-dimensional (3-D) culture after the induction of primary skin inflammation with 0.05% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), cell viability in the presence of levan (0.01 and 0.05 mg mL,1) was determined to be higher than cell viability in the absence of levan. In our anti-inflammation test, which was also conducted using 3-D artificial skin, and which involved the measurement of a quantity of secreted interleukin-1 (IL-1), a pre-inflammatory mediator induced by SLS, we determined that the quantity of IL-1 in the 3-D artificial skin treated with 0.01 and 0.05 mg mL,1 of levan was less than that registered in a skin sample that had been treated only with SLS. In this study, we determined that levan exerted an anti-inflammatory effect against inflammatory reactions to skin irritants, and also that levan exerted a cell-proliferative effect in bio-artificial skin, thereby indicating its potential applicability as a cosmeceutical agent. [source] Characterization of chitosan/citrate and chitosan/acetate films and applications for wound healingJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 1 2008Junichi Tanigawa Abstract In this work, we aimed to develop a scaffold of chitosan (CS) with a porous sponge structure for an artificial skin. The scaffolds were prepared from both CS/citric and CS/acetic solutions. In addition, the cast films were also prepared from the same solutions to compare some of their properties. They were characterized using WAXD, FTIR, DSC, tensile measurements, and SEM observation. It was found that CS/acetate had low crystallinity but CS/citrate was in an amorphous state, resulting in a large ductility with rubbery softness. Despite the different morphologies of CS/citrate and CS/acetate scaffolds, both scaffolds exhibited the wound healing effect available for tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source] The use of integra artificial dermis to minimize donor-site morbidity after suprafascial dissection of the radial forearm flapMICROSURGERY, Issue 7 2007Andreas I. Gravvanis M.D., Ph.D. In an effort to minimize the radial forearm flap donor-site morbidity, the flap was elevated using the suprafascial dissection technique, in six patients with various facial defects. The donor site was covered primarily with Integra artificial skin and secondarily with an ultrathin split-thickness skin graft. The mean time to wound healing of the forearm donor site was 24 days. There were no flap failures, and all flaps healed uneventfully. At the end of the follow-up, all patients showed normal range of motion of the wrist and the fingers, normal power grip, and power pinch. All patients evaluated the esthetic appearance of the forearm donor site as very good. In conclusion, suprafascial dissection of the forearm flap creates a superior graft recipient site, and the use of Integra artificial dermis is a valuable advancement to further minimize the donor-site morbidity, resulting in excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007. [source] Combination of a new composite biocampatible skin graft on the neodermis of artificial skin in an animal modelANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 5 2002Ping K. Lam Introduction: There have been very limited and inconsistent attempts at combining the cultured epidermal autograft (CEA) with the neodermis of artificial skin (Integra). The reasons for this remain unknown. The basement membrane proteins of conventional CEA sheets are easily damaged by the dispase treatment during the harvesting of the CEA from the culture flask. The damage of the basement membrane proteins may affect the anchorage of CEA onto the neodermis of Integra. A new Composite Biocompatible Skin Graft (CBSG) was recently developed. Methods: Composite biocompatible skin graft consists of autologous keratinocytes cultivated on a pliable hyaluronate-derived membrane (Laserskin) which has been pre-seeded with allogenic dermal fibroblasts. Basement membrane proteins of CBSG are protected from the dispase treatment because the keratinocytes are directly seeded onto Laserskin. The engraftment of CBSG was evaluated on 20 wounds of 10 rats. Integra was grafted on two freshly excised full-thickness wounds (3 cm in diameter) in the dorsum of each animal. A polypropylene ring was applied to each wound to prevent the migration of epithelium from the edges. Composite Biocompatible Skin Graft was used to cover the neodermis of Integra after the silicone membrane was removed 14,21 days postgrafting. Results: Fourteen (70%) of 20 skin biopsies taken at day 21 from the centre of the grafted wounds revealed regenerated epithelium. Conclusion: A feasible delivery system of cultured keratinocytes onto the neodermis of Integra is demonstrated in this animal experiment. [source] Tissue Engineered Artificial Skin Composed of Dermis and EpidermisARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 1 2000Eun Kyung Yang Abstract: We made an artificial skin comprised of a stratified layer of keratinocytes and a dermal matrix with a type I collagen containing fibroblasts. In this work, we showed keratinocyte behavior under primary culture, gel contractions varying with concentration of collagen solution, and cell growth plots in the collagen gel. The optimum behavior of dermal equivalent could be obtained using 3.0 mg/ml collagen solution and attached gel culture. The attached gel culture had a jumping effect of growth factor on cell growth at the lag phase. To develop the artificial skin, 1× 105 cells/cm2 of keratinocytes were cultured on the dermal equivalent at air-liquid interface. Finally, to overcome the problem that artificial skin of collagen gel was torn easily during suturing of grafting, we prepared histocompatible collagen mesh and attached the mesh to the bottom of the gel. Cultured artificial skins were successfully grafted onto rats. [source] Creation of arrays of cell aggregates in defined patterns for developmental biology studies using dielectrophoresisBIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 5 2010Rama Yusvana Abstract It is shown that dielectrophoresis,the movement of particles in non-uniform electric fields,can be used to create engineered skin with artificial placodes of different sizes and shapes, in different spatial patterns. Modeling of the electric field distribution and image analysis of the cell aggregates produced showed that the aggregation is highly predictable. The cells in the aggregates remain viable, and reorganization and compaction of the cells in the aggregates occurs when the artificial skin is subsequently cultured. The system developed could be of considerable use for the in vitro study of developmental processes where local variations in cell density and direct cell,cell contacts are important. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 945,954. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||