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Artificial Fertilization (artificial + fertilization)
Selected AbstractsPreservation of a transgenic strain of the sawfly, Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera) by artificial fertilization using cryopreserved spermINSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005M. Hatakeyama Abstract Germline transformation using a piggyBac -derived vector is feasible in the sawfly, Athalia rosae. A previously generated transgenic line carrying green fluorescence protein (GFP) genes as reporters was successfully maintained and preserved without consecutive rearing. Sperm taken from males that were frozen directly in liquid nitrogen and stored at ,80 °C for a year were microinjected into mature unfertilized eggs dissected from female ovaries. A fraction of the sperm-injected eggs was fertilized and developed into diploid females, and all of them expressed GFP. Haploid male progeny from these females segregated into GFP-positive and GFP-negative individuals in a ratio of 1 : 1 indicating heterozygosity of the parental females. The GFP genes were stably inherited staying at the location where they were originally integrated. [source] Growth, salinity tolerance and microsatellite analysis of the F2 reciprocal hybrids of Oreochromis niloticus×Sarotherodon galilaeus at different salinitiesAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010Biao Yan Abstract Oreochromisniloticus (O), the sixth generation of Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia, shows rapid growth but poor salt tolerance, while Sarotherodon galilaeus (S) exhibits opposite traits. To combine the traits, F1 progeny was obtained through artificial fertilization. Fertile F1 produced F2 by natural spawning. The mean survival times, the median survival time (ST50) or the survival rate of hybrids was greater than O. niloticus in a gradual or an acute salinity change. Plasma osmolarity, [Na+] and [Cl,] of the hybrids fluctuated in 32 g L,1 water during a 24-h period, but eventually reached levels similar to fish in freshwater. O. niloticus,×S. galilaeus, (OS F2) or S. galilaeus,×O. niloticus, (SO F2) showed the fastest growth at 22.5 g L,1, equal to about 78.2% or 69.7% of O. niloticus at 0 and 3.87 or 3.45 times that of S. galilaeus at their individual optimum growth. Growth in OS F2 was 12% faster than SO F2. Microsatellite analysis showed that F2 had more alleles, a higher polymorphism information content and greater observed and expected heterozygosity than O. or S. Population differentiation was not detected between F1 and F2. All the results indicated that F2 could be exploited for commercial production under saline conditions. [source] Passively acquired anti-SSA/Ro antibodies are required for congenital heart block following ovodonation but maternal genes are notARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 10 2010Antonio Brucato Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies are necessary but not sufficient to provoke autoimmune-associated congenital heart block (CHB). Genetic factors are likely contributory. Accordingly, HLA-related candidates and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor , and codon 10 in transforming growth factor ,1 (TGF,1) were evaluated in a unique family: the surrogate mother (anti-SSA/Ro positive), the biologic father, and the CHB-affected child (product of ovodonation). There was an HLA mismatch between the affected child and the surrogate mother. However, both the biologic and the surrogate mothers shared DQ2 and the profibrosing leucine polymorphism at codon 10 of TGF,. In conclusion, we observed that CHB can develop in a genetically unrelated child exposed in utero to anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. Testing for anti-SSA/Ro antibodies might be considered in women undergoing artificial fertilization. It is possible that there is no direct association of maternal genes beyond a contributory role in generating the autoantibody. [source] Male and female effects on fertilization success and offspring viability in the Peron's tree frog, Litoria peroniiAUSTRAL ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2008CRAIG D. H. SHERMAN Abstract There is increasing theoretical and empirical evidence that genetic compatibility among partners is an important determinant of fertilization success and offspring viability. In amphibians, females often actively choose partners from among a variety of males and polyandry is common. Genetic compatibility among partners may therefore be an important determinant of fertilization success and offspring viability in some amphibians. Amphibians also show some of the highest levels of genetic differentiation among neighbouring populations known in vertebrates, and as such, populations may have evolved different co-adapted gene complexes. This means that offspring from among-population crosses may have reduced fitness. It is therefore essential to understand to what extent crossings between and within populations may interfere with successful fertilization and offspring viability. Here, we test whether crossing individuals within and between two different populations of the Australian Peron's tree frog (Litoria peronii) using artificial fertilizations affect fertilization success and offspring viability. Fertilization success per se is strongly influenced by male identity, which is likely to depend at least to some extent on the experimental procedure (e.g. resulting in variation in sperm number per ejaculate), whereas there was no fertilization effect of female identity. More importantly, male and female identity, independently of each other, explained significant variation in offspring viability, whereas no such effect could be linked to population of origin. Thus, our experiments suggest that crossing populations may not always be the most significant factor affecting fertilization success or offspring viability, but may be more influenced by the genetic quality or the genetic compatibility of partners. [source] | ||||||||||