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Particular Form (particular + form)
Selected AbstractsPrediabetes and the big baby,DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 1 2008D. R. Hadden Abstract The concept of prediabetes has come to the fore again with the worldwide epidemic of Type 2 diabetes. The careful observations of W. P. U. Jackson and his colleagues in Cape Town, South Africa 50 years ago still deserve attention. Maternal hyperglycaemia cannot be the only cause of fetal macrosomia, and the pathophysiological reason for the unexplained stillbirth in late diabetic pregnancy still eludes us. The biochemical concepts of ,facilitated anabolism' and ,accelerated starvation' were developed by Freinkel as explanations of the protective mechanisms for the baby during the stresses of pregnancy. Some of these nutritional stresses may also occur in the particular form of early childhood malnutrition known in Africa as kwashiorkor, where subcutaneous fat deposition, carbohydrate intolerance, islet hyperplasia and sudden death may follow a period of excess carbohydrate and deficient protein intake. Different feeding practices in different parts of the world make comparisons uncertain, but there is evidence for insulin resistance in both the macrosomic fetus of the hyperglycaemic mother and in the child with established kwashiorkor. These adaptive changes in early development may play both a physiological and a pathological role. Worldwide studies of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy are gradually establishing acceptable diagnostic criteria, appropriate screening procedures and an evidence base for treatment. Nevertheless the challenge of prediabetes and the big baby is still with us,in Jackson's words,,diabetes mellitus is a fascinating condition,the more we know about it the less we understand it'. [source] What can otolith examination tell us about the level of perturbations of Salmonid fish from the Kerguelen Islands?ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH, Issue 4 2008F. Morat Abstract,,, Otoliths preserve a continuous record of the life cycle from the natal through the adult stage. For that reason, the morphological and chemical characteristics of otoliths of two nonnative Salmonids, brown trout (Salmo trutta) and brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) from populations on the Kerguelen Islands were compared. Several approaches were used to study the relationships between otolith morphometry, crystal morph and chemical elemental composition. These salmonids sampled in Kerguelen are well differentiated in terms of species through their otolith shape. The results indicate that ecotypes and river populations can be reasonably well differentiated on the basis of otolith shape. The crystallisation study has revealed the presence of a particular form: the vaterite, present at a high rate: 45% of S. fontinalis and 18% from Salmo trutta fario. Moreover, vaterite and aragonite otoliths presented differences in chemical composition. [source] Writing Fables: Genre and CreativityENGLISH IN EDUCATION, Issue 1 2002David Whitley Abstract This article explores the relationship between genre and creativity with particular reference to children's writing. It is argued that, although the programme may have been implemented too rigidly, a key emphasis on genre within the National Literacy Strategy is potentially positive. The fable is offered as a particular example, demonstrating that, although too rigid a conception of a genre's formal characteristics may inhibit children's creative engagement, an understanding in depth of the range of purposes to which a particular form may be put is helpful both in providing a good range of models and in responding sensitively to children's writing. [source] The neuroanatomy of grapheme,color synesthesiaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 6 2009Lutz Jäncke Abstract Grapheme,color synesthetes perceive particular colors when seeing a letter, word or number (grapheme). Functional neuroimaging studies have provided some evidence in favor of a neural basis for this type of synesthesia. Most of these studies have reported extra activations in the fusiform gyrus, which is known to be involved in color, letter and word processing. The present study examined different neuroanatomical features (i.e. cortical thickness, cortical volume and cortical surface area) in a sample of 48 subjects (24 grapheme,color synesthetes and 24 control subjects), and revealed increased cortical thickness, volume and surface area in the right and left fusiform gyrus and in adjacent regions, such as the lingual gyrus and the calcarine cortex, in grapheme,color synesthetes. In addition, we set out to analyze structural connectivity based on fractional anisotropy (FA) measurements in a subsample of 28 subjects (14 synesthetes and 14 control subjects). In contrast to the findings of a recent neuroanatomical study using modern diffusion tensor imaging measurement techniques, we did not detect any statistically significant difference in FA between synesthetes and non-synesthetes in the fusiform gyri. Our study thus supports the hypothesis of local anatomical differences in cortical characteristics in the vicinity of the V4 complex. The observed altered brain anatomy in grapheme,color synesthetes might be the anatomical basis for this particular form of synesthesia but it is also possible that the detected effects are a consequence (rather than the primary cause) of the life-long experience of grapheme,color synesthesia. [source] Perspectivism, Criticism and Freedom of SpiritEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2000Bernard Reginster The paper examines the view that Nietzsche's perspectivism about practical judgments, understood as a form of internalism about practical reasons, implies that any legitimate criticism of judgments emanating from a foreign perspective must be in terms that are internal to this perspective. Insofar as it is thought to be motivated by certain general theoretical strictures of perspectivism, this view is incoherent. The paper argues that, on the contrary Nietzsche's recourse to a strategy of internal criticism is motivated by his own particular commitment to preserving the freedom of spirit of his interlocutors. The paper concludes with a discussion of how freedom of spirit is preserved by internal criticism, and how the nature of freedom of spirit affects the particular form such criticism will assume. [source] PERSPECTIVE: SIGN EPISTASIS AND GENETIC COSTRAINT ON EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORIESEVOLUTION, Issue 6 2005Daniel M. Weinreich Abstract Epistasis for fitness means that the selective effect of a mutation is conditional on the genetic background in which it appears. Although epistasis is widely observed in nature, our understanding of its consequences for evolution by natural selection remains incomplete. In particular, much attention focuses only on its influence on the instantaneous rate of changes in frequency of selected alleles via epistatic contribution to the additive genetic variance for fitness. Thus, in this framework epistasis only has evolutionary importance if the interacting loci are simultaneously segregating in the population. However, the selective accessibility of mutational trajectories to high fitness genotypes may depend on the genetic background in which novel mutations appear, and this effect is independent of population polymorphism at other loci. Here we explore this second influence of epistasis on evolution by natural selection. We show that it is the consequence of a particular form of epistasis, which we designate sign epistasis. Sign epistasis means that the sign of the fitness effect of a mutation is under epistatic control; thus, such a mutation is beneficial on some genetic backgrounds and deleterious on others. Recent experimental innovations in microbial systems now permit assessment of the fitness effects of individual mutations on multiple genetic backgrounds. We review this literature and identify many examples of sign epistasis, and we suggest that the implications of these results may generalize to other organisms. These theoretical and empirical considerations imply that strong genetic constraint on the selective accessibility of trajectories to high fitness genotypes may exist and suggest specific areas of investigation for future research. [source] The Discursive Origins of a DoctrineFOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2007George W. Bush, Identity, Norms, Securitization under Harry S. Truman Previous research on the Bush Doctrine has tended to largely focus on its contents, more or less automatically assuming 9/11 to be the sole factor for the doctrine coming into existence. This article argues, on the contrary, that such a focus gives us an insufficient understanding of U.S. foreign policy since it underproblematizes how a doctrine comes into existence and why it takes a particular form. Instead, this article analyzes the political and societal discourses that are inextricably interlinked to doctrines, exploring how actors' views both are reflections of discourses and also serve to reinforce them. Focusing on specific discursive mechanisms,securitization process, settled norms, and identity constructions,facilitates the explanation of both the origins of a doctrine and its contents. This article analyzes the discourses of the 3-month time period preceding the Bush and the Truman Doctrines. Comparing the Bush Doctrine with the Truman Doctrine, this article finds that the discourses of these two cases are very similar. In both cases the same central mechanisms are prominent, constructing a certain discursive linkage between the two. Finally, this article argues that a constructivist approach that employs a structured design is able to present more persuasive arguments than the traditional inductive-style narrative favored by many constructivist studies. [source] Microtubules in basalt glass from Hawaii Scientific Driling Project #2 phase 1 core and Hilina slope, Hawaii: evidence of the occurrence and behavior of endolithic microorganismsGEOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008A. W WALTON ABSTRACT Elongate, fine tubes, ~1 µm wide and up to 200 µm long, extend from fractured surfaces, vesicle walls, and internal fractures into fragments of basalt glass in samples from the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project #2 phase 1 (HSDP #21) core and the Hilina slope, Hawaii. Several features indicate that these tubes are microbial endolithic microborings: the tubes resemble many described microborings from oceanic basalt glass, their formation is postdepositional but restricted to certain but different ranges of time in the two sets of samples, and they are not uniformly distributed throughout glass fragments. Microtubules record several characteristic behaviors including boring into glass, mining, seeking olivine, and avoiding plagioclase. They also are highly associated with a particular form of glass-replacing smectite. Evidence of behavior should join morphological and geochemical criteria in indicating microbial alteration of basalt glass. In some samples, steeply conical tubes, ~10,20 µm in diameter tapering to 1 µm and commonly filled with smectite, appear to be modifications or elaborations of the microtubules. These also curve toward olivine and are associated with replacement smectite. In HSDP #21 samples, microtubules initiated at margins of shards before palagonite replaced those margins and are preserved during palagonitization. In fact, microtubules appear to have provided routes that enhanced the efficiency of water's reaching of unaltered glass. In Hilina Slope samples, the microtubules appear to postdate palagonitization because they initiate at the boundary between palagonite and unaltered sideromelane. Preservation of microtubules during palagonitization in samples together with recognition of other associated characteristics representing behavior suggests that such features may be recognizable in more heavily altered ancient rocks. [source] The Business of Temporary Staffing: A Developing Research AgendaGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 8 2010Neil M. Coe This paper offers a critical review of the existing literatures on temporary staffing. It argues that while research on both client firm rationales and the experiences and characteristics of temporary agency workers are relatively well advanced, work that explores the temporary staffing industry and its own strategies and expansionary logics is still in its infancy. This is a significant oversight given the increasingly widespread influence of this particular form of labour market intermediary. Grounded in recent work in economic geography, the paper maps a future research agenda. [source] A middle-class global mobility?GLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 1 2008The working lives of Indian men in a west London hotel Abstract In this article we examine the working lives of young, single, middle-class Indian men employed in the increasingly global hospitality sector in London, UK. Using a case study of a single hotel, we investigate a particular form of Indian middle-class global mobility that differs from both the well-documented ,low status', unskilled migrant as well as the highly-skilled, science oriented migrants. We explore how their jobs both reinforce and challenge middle-class Indian notions of masculinity, as well as how the recruitment process is both gendered and economically selective. We suggest that the transnational formation of Indian middle-class identity is drawn from four main categories: a middle-class lifestyle in India, class-based motivations, the gendered and class based recruitment process of the UK hospitality industry, and the performance of class-based gender identities. [source] Puzzling practice: A strategy for working with clinical practice issuesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 2 2008Kenneth Walsh RPN RN BNurs PhD In this paper we aim to share the evolution of innovative ways to explore, ,unpack' and reframe clinical issues that exist in everyday practice. The elements of these processes, which we call ,puzzling practice', and the techniques associated with them, were delineated over a two year period by the four authors using action theory based processes. The authors have evolved several different frameworks for ,puzzling practice' which we draw on and use in our practice development work and in our research practice. This paper pays attention to a particular form of puzzling practice that we have found to be useful in assisting individual clinicians and teams to explore and find workable solutions to practice issues. The paper uses a semi-fictitious example of ,Puzzling Practice' gleaned from our experience as practice development facilitators. In this example ,puzzling practice' uses seven different elements; naming the issue; puzzling the issue; testing the puzzle exploring the heart of out practice; formulating the puzzle question; visualizing the future; and generating new strategies for action. Each of the elements is illustrated by the story and the key foundations and ideas behind each element is explored. [source] Movable Peace: Engaging the Transnational in Cambodia's DhammayietraJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 1 2002Kathryn Poethig The Dhammayietra is an annual peace walk in Cambodia that originated at the historic repatriation of refugees in the Thai border camps at the U.N.-monitored transition to democracy in 1992. It situates itself within the discourse and practice of "socially engaged Buddhism" that has gained visibility in Asia and American Buddhism during the last two decades. As Cambodia's particular form of socially engaged Buddhism is marked by refugee return, I will argue that the Dhammayietra's revival of Buddhism in postsocialist Cambodia is only possible because of its transnational formation. Represented as a quintessential Khmer Buddhist response to Cambodia's entrenched conflicts, the networks forged beyond the border of Cambodia have been instrumental in fashioning the face of the Dhammayietra. Though it forges its discursive identity vis a vis the "local" space of the nation, this local space is mobile. Maha Ghosananda's instruction to move "step by step" toward peace reappropriates dangerous mobility,the massive relocations during the Khmer Rouge era, refugee flight, the danger of treading on land fed with mines,and turns walking into a religious act. It is this discursive "move" that loosens the Dhammayietra's ties to the nation and allows it to slip across political and religious borders and ally itself with a diverse network of interfaith peace groups that are its transnational public forum. [source] An econometric model of nonlinear dynamics in the joint distribution of stock and bond returnsJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 1 2006Massimo Guidolin This paper considers a variety of econometric models for the joint distribution of US stock and bond returns in the presence of regime switching dynamics. While simple two- or three-state models capture the univariate dynamics in bond and stock returns, a more complicated four-state model with regimes characterized as crash, slow growth, bull and recovery states is required to capture their joint distribution. The transition probability matrix of this model has a very particular form. Exits from the crash state are almost always to the recovery state and occur with close to 50% chance, suggesting a bounce-back effect from the crash to the recovery state. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Conceptualising spirituality and religion for healthcareJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 21 2008Barbara Pesut Aims., To discuss some of the challenges of conceptualising spirituality and religion for healthcare practice. Background., With the growing interest in spirituality in healthcare, has come the inevitable task of trying to conceptualise spirituality, a daunting task given the amorphous nature of spirituality, the changing understandings of spirituality among individuals and the diverse globalised society within which this task is taking place. Spirituality's relationship to religion is a particularly challenging point of debate. Design., Critical review. Conclusions., Three social and historical conditions , located in the context of Western thought , have contributed to current conceptualisations of spirituality and religion: the diminishment of the social authority of religion as a result of the Enlightenment focus on reason, the rise of a postmodern spirituality emphasising spiritual experience and current tensions over the ideological and political roles of religion in society. The trend to minimise the social influence of religion is a particular Western bias that seems to ignore the global megatrend of the resurgence of religion. Current conceptualisations are critiqued on the following grounds: that they tend to be ungrounded from a rich history of theological and philosophical thought, that a particular form of elitist spirituality is emerging and that the individualistic emphasis in recent conceptualisations of spirituality diminishes the potential for societal critique and transformation while opening the door for economic and political self interest. Relevance to clinical practice., Constructing adequate conceptualisations of spirituality and religion for clinical practice entails grounding them in the wealth of centuries of philosophical and theological thinking, ensuring that they represent the diverse society that nursing serves and anchoring them within a moral view of practice. [source] A Structural Solution to Communication Dilemmas in a Virtual CommunityJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 3 2007Dongyoung Sohn In a many-to-many communication setting like a virtual community, individuals may be strongly tempted to free-ride on others' contributions, which would eventually lead to the collapse of the community. To find a structural solution to the "communication dilemma," this study compared the performances of 2 communication structures,one based on the interpersonal networks (network-generalized exchange: NEX; e.g., blogs) and the other based on a public electronic bulletin board (group-generalized exchange: GEX). In a 2 × 2 × 2 longitudinal between-subject experiment, it was found that changing GEX to NEX could increase the contributions made by individuals. Furthermore, NEX was found to be an effective structure for N-person communication particularly when a large number of individuals were involved. The findings imply that an individual's cooperative motivation is a function of the incentive structure of a particular form of information exchange, which means that altering the exchange form may be a possible solution to the communication dilemmas in virtual communities. Résumé Une solution structurelle aux dilemmes de communication dans une communauté virtuelle Dans un contexte de communication multivoque comme celui d'une communauté virtuelle, les individus peuvent être fortement tentés de profiter des contributions des autres tout en s,abstenant eux-mêmes de contribuer, ce qui en définitive mènerait à l'effondrement de la communauté. Afin de trouver une solution structurelle au « dilemme de communication », cette étude a comparé le rendement de deux structures de communication : l,une fondée sur les réseaux interpersonnels (NEX)(p. ex. les blogues) et l'autre s,appuyant sur un babillard électronique public (GEX). Dans le cadre d'une expérience longitudinale inter-sujets de 2 x 2 x 2, il est apparu que de changer GEX pour NEX pourrait augmenter le nombre de contributions faites par des individus. De plus, il fut observé que NEXétait une structure efficace pour la communication N personnes, particulièrement lorsqu,un grand nombre d'individus étaient impliqués. Les conclusions laissent entendre que la motivation incitant à coopérer d,un individu est fonction de la structure incitative d'une forme particulière d'échange d,information, ce qui signifie que de modifier la forme de l'échange peut être une solution possible aux dilemmes de communication dans les communautés virtuelles. Abstract Ein struktureller Lösungsansatz bei Kommunikationsdilemmata in virtuellen Gemeinschaften In einer Vielpersonen-Kommunikationsumgebung, wie z.B. virtuellen Gemeinschaften, können Personen leicht in Versuchung geraten, ohne eigene Anstrengung von anderen Teilnehmern zu profitieren, was letztendlich zum Zusammenbruch der Gemeinschaft führen kann. Um eine strukturelle Lösung zu diesem "Kommunikationsdilemma" zu finden, wurden in dieser Studie zwei Kommunikationsstrukturen hinsichtlich ihrer Leistung verglichen: eine Struktur basierend auf interpersonalen Netzwerken (NEX) (z.B. Blogs) und die andere basierend auf einem öffentlich zugänglichen elektronischen Forums (GEX). In einem Längsschnittexperiment (2x2, between-subject-design) konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein Wechsel von GEX zu NEX mit einem Zuwachs der Individualbeiträge einherging. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich NEX als effektive Struktur für N-Personen- Kommunikation, besonders dann, wenn eine größere Anzahl an Individuen beteiligt ist. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Motivation einer Person zur Kooperation die Funktion der Anreizstruktur einer bestimmten Form des Informationsaustauschs ist. Dies bedeutet, dass eine Veränderung der Austauschsform eine mögliche Lösung für Kommunikationsdilemmata in virtuellen Gemeinschaften sein kann. Resumen Una Solución Estructural a los Dilemas de Comunicación en una Comunidad Virtual En escenarios de comunicación de muchos contra muchos como lo es en una comunidad virtual, los individuos pueden estar tentados fuertemente de aprovechar las contribuciones de los otros, lo cual puede eventualmente llevar al colapso de la comunidad. Para encontrar una solución a este "dilema de comunicación," este estudio comparó el rendimiento de 2 estructuras de comunicación , una basada en una red interpersonal (NEX)(a saber, blogs) y la otra basada en un tablón público de anuncios (GEX). En un experimento longitudinal entre sujetos 2 x 2 x 2, se encontró que cambiando GEX por NEX puede incrementar las contribuciones hechas por los individuos. Más aún, se encontró que NEX era una estructura más efectiva para la comunicación de N-persona particularmente cuando un número grande de individuos estuvieron involucrados. Los resultados significan que la motivación de cooperación de un individuo está en función de la estructura de incentivo de esa forma particular de intercambio de información, lo que significa que alterando la forma de intercambio puede ser una solución posible al dilema de comunicación de las comunidades virtuales. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source] Combating prejudice and racism: new interventions from a functional analysis of racist languageJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Bernard Guerin Abstract Based on a conversational model of language-use-in-social-context, this article focuses on one particular form of racist and prejudiced talking that has not received enough attention,conversations in which racist statements function to maintain groups and relationships rather than seriously promote racism. Despite their casualness, such statements are still pernicious, and a range of potential interventions are proposed for this language function. These involve actively altering a community's discursive resources to include more rejoinders to racist comments. Such rejoinders must be utilized in the most appropriate way for any relationship, and this might mean polite corrections, witty repartee, strong put-downs to silence someone making racist comments, or as counter-jokes to racist jokes, depending upon the social context and power relations involved. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Disciplinary history, adult disciplinary attitudes, and risk for abusive parentingJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Mary E. Bower-Russa In an attempt to identify factors that could contribute to intergenerational physical abuse, the specific childhood disciplinary experiences of adolescents and young adults were assessed, and these childhood experiences were related to the subjects' assessment as to whether specific disciplinary tactics were abusive or appropriate in child rearing. Consistent with previous research, few maltreated persons viewed their own experiences as abusive. Moreover, personal experience with a disciplinary event was associated with a decreased tendency to view that particular form of discipline as inappropriate. Finally, a history of severe physical punishment, failure to acknowledge an abusive history when it had occurred, and adult attitudes regarding physical discipline were associated with selecting more punitive disciplinary strategies when individuals were faced with child misbehavior in an analog parenting task. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Co-creating change within a child protection system: integrating art therapy with family therapy practiceJOURNAL OF FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 3 2003Hilary Manicom This paper considers family art therapy intervention using a partnership developed between an art therapist and a family therapist within a child protection system. The aim of this co-working relationship is to bring together skills that can amplify the child's voice within the family, using art as a means of extending the family story. The use of metaphor adds to the repertoire of skills available when working with families, and offers a particular form of communication in which children can more easily engage. By co-working, we also bring together our personal and professional stories, creating multiple ideas and ways of seeing and taking account of differences in the life experiences of individual families. [source] Loving, Hating, Vacillating: Agreeableness, Implicit Self-Esteem, and Neurotic ConflictJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 4 2006Michael D. Robinson ABSTRACT An implicit preference for the self over others may be beneficial when pursuing one's own desires but costly when adjusting the self to the desires of others. On the basis of this reasoning, the authors hypothesized that Agreeableness and implicit self-esteem would interact in predicting measures of neurotic distress. Three studies and one meta-analysis, involving 235 undergraduate participants, confirmed that high levels of implicit self-esteem were beneficial (i.e., less neurotic distress) within the context of low levels of Agreeableness but costly (i.e., more neurotic distress) within the context of high levels of Agreeableness. Because findings were robust across various measures of Agreeableness, implicit self-esteem, and neurotic distress, the interpersonal principles examined here appear to have broad relevance for understanding this particular form of intrapsychic conflict and its manifestation in neurotic distress. Results therefore support Horney's (1945) theory concerning the consequences of intrapsychic conflicts related to interpersonal motivation and cognition. [source] Biophysical characterization of polymeric and liposomal gene delivery systems using empirical phase diagramsJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 10 2006Marika Ruponen Abstract A major problem with the pharmaceutical use of nonviral gene delivery systems arises from their limited characterization due to their size and heterogeneity. In this study, we provide a more intuitive view of their structure and behavior employing an empirically based phase diagram approach. Complexes formed between plasmid DNA and four cationic carriers (a monovalent lipid, the same monovalent lipid combined with a helper lipid, polylysine, and a branched form of polyethyleneimine), at both positive and negative nitrogen/phosphorous ratios, are characterized employing dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, and extrinsic dye fluorescence as methods sensitive to various aspects of the structure of the complexes. These measurements were performed as a function of pH and ionic strength to perturb the electrostatic contacts that are key to complex formation. Using a multidimensional eigenvalue approach, the data are presented in the form of a colored, five dimensional diagram. The resultant eight empirical phase diagrams display three to five variably resolved phases. In contrast, the phase diagram of the plasmid alone showed only two to three such phases. Each state is assigned to a particular form of the complex in terms of their size, extent of collapse and conformation of the associated DNA component. The utility of this approach is then briefly discussed. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 95:2101,2114, 2006 [source] A tale of the land, the insider, the outsider and human rights (an exploration of some problems and possibilities in the relationship between the English common law property concept, human rights law, and discourses of exclusion and inclusion)LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2003Anna Grear This paper examines the interplay between discourses of exclusion and inclusion in the relationship between land law and human rights. It explores the common law conception of property in land and its relationship with the conceptual structure of property before suggesting that the particular form the conception takes in the English common law is problematic as a discourse of exclusion in the light of inclusive human rights considerations. However, further submerged exclusions in law are also explored, suggesting a problematic ideological continuity between land law and human rights law, notwithstanding identifiable surface tensions between them as contrasting discourses. Once the continuity of hidden exclusions is identified, the paper explores the theoretical unity between the deep structure of property as ,propriety' and human rights as ,what is due', and suggests their mutual potential for embracing more inclusive concerns. Finally, two modest proposals for future theoretical reform are offered: the need for a more anthropologically adequate and inclusive construct of the human being as legal actor, and the need for a more differentiated, context-sensitive formulation of the common law1 property conception, one capable of reconciling conceptually necessary elements of excludability with inclusive human rights impulses. [source] Charged relativistic spheres with generalized potentialsMATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 6 2009S. Thirukkanesh Abstract A new class of exact solutions of the Einstein,Maxwell system is found in closed form. This is achieved by choosing a generalized form for one of the gravitational potentials and a particular form for the electric field intensity. For specific values of the parameters it is possible to write the new series solutions in terms of elementary functions. We regain well-known physically reasonable models. A physical analysis indicates that the model may be used to describe a charged sphere. The influence of the electromagnetic field on the gravitational interaction is highlighted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Asymptotic analysis of elastic curved rodsMATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 1 2007Rostislav Vodák Abstract We consider a sequence of curved rods which consist of isotropic material and which are clamped on the lower base or on both bases. We study the asymptotic behaviour of the stress tensor and displacement under the assumptions of linearized elasticity when the cross-sectional diameter of the rods tends to zero and the body force is given in the particular form. The analysis covers the case of a non-smooth limit line of centroids. We show how the body force and the choice of the approximating curved rods can affect the strong convergence and the limit form of the stress tensor for the curved rods clamped on both bases. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Scale-free dynamics in the movement patterns of jackalsOIKOS, Issue 1 2002R. P. D. Atkinson Using conventional radio-tracking techniques employed by field ecologists, evidence for scale-free (fractal) behaviour in the foraging trajectories of a species of African jackal is presented. It is believed that the particular form of foraging strategy observed here is a response by the jackal to its need to locate resources in an unpredictable environment. The methods used in this study are completely general and can be applied to other radio-tracked species, thus beginning a systematic investigation of foraging strategies in mammals. [source] Modulations in the planetary wave field induced by upward-propagating Rossby wave packets prior to stratospheric sudden warming events: A case-studyTHE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Issue 638 2009Kazuaki Nishii Abstract A diagnostic framework is introduced in which anomalous zonally averaged Rossby wave-activity injection into the stratosphere is decomposed into a contribution solely from zonally confined upward-propagating Rossby wave packets and another from interaction of the wave packets with the climatological planetary waves. To pinpoint the tropospheric sources of the wave packets, a particular form of wave-activity flux is evaluated for the associated circulation anomalies. The framework is applied to reanalysis data for the period prior to a stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event in January 2006, which was associated with two successive events of above-normal wave-activity injection from the troposphere. In the earlier event, a pair of wave packets that emanated from tropospheric anomalies over the North Pacific and over Europe enhanced the upward wave-activity injection, which was augmented further by their interaction with the climatological planetary wave. In contrast, in the later period a wave packet that emanated from an anticyclonic anomaly over the North Atlantic is found to be the primary contributor to the enhanced planetary wave-activity injection, while its interaction with the climatological planetary wave contributed negatively. The predominant importance of the sole contribution from a single wave packet is also found in a major SSW event observed over Antarctica in September 2002. These results indicate that the diagnostic framework presented in this study is a useful tool for understanding the interaction between anomalies associated with zonally confined wave packets and climatological-mean planetary waves in the study of stratosphere--troposphere dynamical coupling. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society [source] OPERATIONALIZING OPPORTUNITIES AND CREATING PUBLICS IN SALVADORAN CHURCHES: FINDINGS FROM AN ETHNOGRAPHIC PROCESS EVALUATIONANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2010James Huff This article explores how one faith-based nonprofit organization and its various Pentecostal and evangelical church partners in El Salvador are creating associational contexts within which local community development projects are identified and implemented. Observational and interview data derived from a process evaluation of a project identification exercise are examined to explore how different community and organizational stakeholders attempt to implement local development initiatives that will presumably build on local assets and associations. The study details the patterns of participation that emerged as members of local churches negotiated with their neighbors over how to best direct social change in their community. Corresponding analysis of interview data portrays how these same actors relied on diverse social logics,which are both religious and practical in nature,to make sense of and assess some of the key assumptions of a particular form of faith-based development. The case is a good example of how faith-based organizations play key roles in the formation of publics, wherein actors from diverse networks come together to deliberate over the aims and outcomes of local development projects in contemporary El Salvador. [source] A Simple Characterization of the Second-best Two-part and Block-rate Tariffs Theory and ApplicationsANNALS OF PUBLIC AND COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2003by Jörg Borrmann The general necessary optimality conditions for second-best discrete multipart tariffs are rather complex. In this paper, we derive a simplified characterization of these conditions for two-part tariffs and for block-rate tariffs for given thresholds of these tariffs. The simplified necessary optimality conditions are equivalent to the necessary conditions for a Ramsey-optimum for goods with continuously variable individually demanded quantities. We demonstrate that this characterization of second-best multipart tariffs can be helpful, when applying the usual regulatory mechanisms to these tariffs. In particular, we consider Vogelsang,Finsinger (1979) regulation as well as a particular form of price-cap regulation which is related to the Laspeyres index of prices. [source] La Mort posthume: Maurice Heine and the poetics of decayART HISTORY, Issue 3 2000Neil Cox Centred around an early suite of poems by the little-known Sade scholar and fellow traveller of Surrealism, Maurice Heine (1884,1940), this paper reveals the impact on artists (including Georges Braque) and poets of a series of spectacular exhibitions of Coptic ,mummies' in Paris. An account of Albert Gayet's Antinoë excavations and exhibitions at the Musée Guimet is constructed, and this is used to explore the cultural meanings of the archaeological museum around 1900. The paper is a contribution to the study of a particular form of Orientalism, as well as an exploration of late Symbolism, one cultural territory out of which the Surrealist movement emerged. It argues that fascination with eroticised death and decay led, in Heine's case, to an exploration of the powers and limitations of poetic language. Heine's work is contrasted with more redemptive aesthetic representations of death in Nerval and Holbein, as interpreted by Julia Kristeva. It is suggested that Heine's exhaustion of language in the evocation of death, and his almost political interrogation of the museum, make sense of his later contributions to Surrealism through his study of Sade. [source] The autogenic (self-generated) massacreBEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 3 2004D.Sc., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P., F.R.C. Psych.Article first published online: 21 DEC 200, Paul E. Mullen M.B.B.S. Mass killings can be of a variety of types including family slayings, cult killings, and the by-product of other criminal activities. This article focuses on massacres where the perpetrators indiscriminately kill people in pursuit of a highly personal agenda arising from their own specific social situation and psychopathology. Five cases are presented of this type of autogenic (self-generated) massacre, all of whom survived and were assessed by the author. Not only do these massacres follow an almost stereotypical course, but the perpetrators tend to share common social and psychological disabilities. They are isolates, often bullied in childhood, who have rarely established themselves in effective work roles as adults. They have personalities marked by suspiciousness, obsessional traits, and grandiosity. They often harbour persecutory beliefs, which may occasionally verge on the delusional. The autogenic massacre is essentially murder suicide, in which the perpetrators intend first to kill as many people as they can and then kill themselves. The script for this particular form of suicide has established itself in western society and is continuing to spread, and to diversify. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Ocular perfusion and age-related macular degenerationACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2 2001Thomas A. Ciulla ABSTRACT. Purpose: To review the role of ocular perfusion in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the industrialized world. Methods: Medline search of the literature published in English or with English abstracts from 1966 to 2000 was performed using various combinations of relevant key words. Results: Vascular defects have been identified in both nonexudative and exudative AMD patients using fluorescein angiographic methods, laser Doppler flowmetry, indocyanine green angiography, and color Doppler imaging. Conclusion: Although these studies lend some support to the vascular pathogenesis of AMD, it is not possible to determine if the choroidal perfusion abnormalities play a causative role in nonexudative AMD, if they are simply an association with another primary alteration, such as a primary RPE defect or a genetic defect at the photoreceptor level, or if they are more strongly associated with one particular form of this heterogeneous disease. Further study is warranted. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||