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Parental Perceptions (parental + perception)
Selected AbstractsMeasuring Parental Perceptions of Child Oral Health-related Quality of LifeJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2003Aleksandra Jokovic MSc Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the P-CPQ, a measure of parental/caregiver perceptions of the oral health-related quality of life of children. This forms one component of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (COHQOL). Methods: An item pool was developed through a review of existing child health questionnaires and interviews with parents/caregivers of children with pedodontic, orthodontic, and orofacial conditions. The resulting 47 items were used in a study in which 208 parents/caregivers provided data on their frequency and importance. The 31 items rated the most frequent and important were selected for the final questionnaire (P-CPQ). The P-CPQ validity and reliability were assessed by a new sample of 231 parents, 79 of whom completed two copies for the assessment of test-retest reliability. Results: The P-CPQ discriminated among the three clinical groups included in the expected direction. Within-group analyses using clinical data provided some evidence that scores were associated with the severity of the condition. The P-CPQ also showed good construct validity. It had excellent internal consistency reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 and demonstrated perfect test-retest reliability (ICC=0.85). Conclusion: The study provides data to indicate that the P-CPQ is valid and reliable. [source] Parental Perceptions of the Assessment of Autistic Spectrum Disorders in a Tier Three ServiceCHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2009Latha Hackett Background:, Little is known about the satisfaction of the parents of children receiving child and adolescent mental health services in general, and autistic spectrum services in particular. Method:, This audit examined parent and carer perceptions of the Autistic Spectrum Disorder assessments undertaken by the multi-agency team in a Tier Three CAMHS in Manchester. Forty families completed a brief questionnaire. Results:, The majority of parents and carers reported satisfaction with the service (95%), although responses highlighted areas in both the assessment process and the service facilities that needed improvement. Conclusions:, Useful information with both local and national applications can be gathered quickly in an easily replicated manner. [source] Parental perception and interpretation of infant emotions: psychological and physiological processesINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2005Gottfried Spangler Abstract To study parental experience and perception of infant emotional expressions parents' responses to infant pictures depicting positive, neutral and negative emotions were assessed on the level of affective judgments (perceived and experienced valence and arousal), of mimic responses (facial muscle activity) and of the eyelid reflex (using the startle paradigm). In general, while parents were able to appropriately perceive infant emotions and were clearly affected by them, they exhibited a bias for positive interpretation. This was obvious from their subjective evaluations which, e.g. were more positive for experienced than for perceived valence, as well as from their mimic responses indicating positive responses in general. In addition, infant pictures including the negative ones lead to an inhibition of the startle reflex, indicating a positive evaluation of infant emotions on the sub-cortical level. These effects were most prominent when parents were faced with pictures of their own infants as compared to unfamiliar ones. The way parents process information about infant emotions may facilitate appropriate responsiveness to infants' needs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Presence of both parents during consent process in non-therapeutic neonatal research increases positive responseACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2010Irina Korotchikova Abstract Aim:, To investigate factors that influenced parental consent/non-consent in a non-therapeutic electroencephalogram (EEG) study in healthy newborns. Methods:, Parents of healthy newborns were approached to participate in a neonatal EEG study within 36 h of birth. The rationale and risks/benefits of the study were explained. Any concerns were discussed, and detailed information about the EEG study was provided in the consent form. In the case of refusing/withdrawing consent, an informal interview was used to investigate the reasons, which were subsequently analysed and grouped according to the four principles of the consent process. Results:, A total of 123 parents were included in the study. Parental consent was obtained in 72/123 (59%) cases, 10/123 (8%) parents subsequently withdrew their consent and 41/123 (33%) parents refused to participate in the study. Consent was more likely if both parents were present (p < 0.0001). When the mothers were approached alone, obtaining consent was significantly more difficult within the first 6 hours of delivery, compared to a later approach (37% vs. 67% respectively; p = 0.009). Refusals were classified into issues of voluntariness (7%), informed choice (10%), understanding (54%) and competence (29%). Conclusion:, Parents of healthy newborns demonstrated a positive attitude towards non-therapeutic neonatal research with maximal consent occurring when both parents were present. Parental perception of harm was the main reason for declining consent. [source] Parental perception of children's weight in a paediatric primary care settingCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2007E. R. Wald Abstract Objective To determine how parents of overweight children perceived their children's weight status compared with actual body mass index (BMI). Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed parental perception of and concern about weight, diet and physical activity of 3,12-year-olds. BMI values ,85th and <95th percentile and ,95th percentile were considered at risk for overweight and overweight respectively. Differences between groups were tested with chi-squared analyses or Fishers exact test as appropriate and further explored using logistic regression analysis. Results Questionnaires were completed at 612 health maintenance visits (278 girls). Overall, 15% of both boys and girls were at risk for overweight and 22% of boys and 24% of girls were overweight. Forty-nine per cent of parents recognized their overweight children as overweight. Perceptions were more often correct for parents of girls than boys (63% versus 36%, P < 0.001) and for older compared with younger children (61.7% versus 17.5%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Parents of overweight children frequently did not perceive their children as exceeding healthy weight standards. Targeting parental perception as a point of intervention is necessary. [source] Childhood leukaemia: experiences of children and attitudes of parents on dental careEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 3 2008Ç.E. ÇUBUKÇU phd Parental perceptions in the importance of dental care and preferences with regard to its provision while profiling the level of dental health knowledge of parents of leukaemic children were elicited. The setting was the Paediatric Dental Care Unit located in Medical Faculty. Data were collected by means of a structured interview, employing a questionnaire. Level of knowledge on both dental facts and preventive dentistry of the participants was insufficient. Major source of dental care was the resident paediatric dentist both in prior to (78.2%) and following (100%) diagnosis. Tooth extraction (17.6%) was the only treatment provided prior to diagnosis. Following diagnosis, 60 (69%) of these children had received operative dental treatment. The source of preventive advice was inconsistent. Parents appeared to place a high level of importance on their children's dental care and the preference for this to be provided within the hospitals in which the child has been treated. There is clearly a need to establish dental care units in hospitals in which treatment of childhood malignancy is provided. The provision for the future should be the continuous education of dentists, physicians and nurses who work in hospitals and public health services. [source] Parental perceptions of contributions of school and neighborhood to children's psychological wellnessJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Sylvie Jutras This study examined parents' perceptions of how school and neighborhood contribute to the psychological wellness of their 6- to 12-year-old children. Content analysis of 260 interviews explored parents' perception and identified the key aspects of school and neighborhood. At school, two assets stood out: emotional support and a supportive learning milieu. Qualities that parents valued about the neighborhood included child-friendliness, environmental amenities, and the presence of cordial and supportive neighbors. Parents living in disadvantaged neighborhoods differed on many points in their perceptions from parents living in wealthier neighborhoods, reflecting disparities in the environments in which they live and raise their children. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Alcohol Use Among Rural Middle School Students: Adolescents, Parents, Teachers, and Community Leaders' Perceptions*JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 2 2009Laura DeHaan PhD ABSTRACT BACKGROUND:, Although rural adolescents use of alcohol is at some of the highest rates nationally, rural adolescent alcohol use has not been studied extensively. This study examines how community attitudes and behaviors are related to adolescent drinking in rural environments. METHODS:, Data were gathered in 22 rural communities in the Upper Midwest (North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming). Surveys were collected from 1424 rural sixth- to eighth-grade adolescents and 790 adults, including parents, teachers, and community leaders. Census data were also collected. RESULTS:, Drinkers differed from nondrinkers by the following factors: higher perceptions of peer, parental, and overall community drinking, as well as lower levels of parental closeness and religiosity. Factors distinguishing binge and nonbinge drinkers were increased drinking to reduce stress, drinking to fit in, perceptions of peer drinking, and perceived lack of alternatives to drinking. Parents were significantly less likely to perceive adolescent alcohol use as a problem than other community adults; school officials were most likely to perceive it as a problem. Parental perceptions were also the least correlated to actual adolescent use, while adolescent perceptions were the most highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS:, Community fac tors such as overall prevalence of drinking, community support, and controls against drinking are important predictors of reported use in early adolescence. School officials were more likely to view adolescent alcohol use as a problem than were parents. School officials' perceptions of adolescent use were also more related to actual adolescent use than were parental perceptions of adolescent use. [source] Parental perceptions of the outcome and meaning of normalization,RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 2 2010Kathleen A. Knafl Abstract The purpose of this secondary analysis was to identify the meaning of normalization for parents of a child with a chronic genetic condition. The sample was comprised of 28 families (48 parents), selected to reflect two groups: Normalization Present (NP) and Normalization Absent (NA). Constant comparison analysis was used to identify themes characterizing parents' perceptions of the meaning of normalization. The meanings parents attributed to normalization reflected their evaluation of condition management, parenting role, and condition impact, with parents in the NP and NA groups demonstrating distinct patterns of meaning. These meaning patterns are discussed as an outcome of normalization. Providers can play a pivotal role in helping families achieve normalization by providing guidance on how to balance condition management with normal family life. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:87,98, 2010 [source] The influence of attachment representation on parental perception and interpretation of infant emotions: A multilevel approachDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Gottfried Spangler Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate parental perception and interpretation of infant emotional expression depending on their attachment representation. Forty-six parents' responses to infant pictures depicting positive, neutral, and negative emotions were assessed on the level of affective judgments (valence, arousal), mimic responses (facial muscle activity), and of the eyelid reflex (using the startle paradigm). Results revealed small differences between parents of different attachment representations with respect to their subjective evaluations. However, secure parents, as compared to insecure ones, showed a positive bias in their mimic responses to infant pictures. The modulation of the startle response indicated a negative evaluation of negative infant emotion expressions in dismissing parents, while an augmentation of the startle response to negative infant emotions could not be observed in secure and preoccupied parents. The findings highlight the role of attachment experiences for emotional information processing in parents and its consequences for parental behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 411,423, 2010. [source] Are two informants better than one?EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 6 2007Parent, child agreement on the eating styles of children who are overweight Abstract Aim It is currently unknown to what extent the view of a child with overweight on its' own eating behaviour converges with parental perception regarding this behaviour and how parent,child agreement is influenced by overweight status and age. Method Youngsters (N,=,498; range 7,15 years; 37% boys) referred for weight treatment to an outpatient University centre filled in the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire,child version (DEBQ-child version; Van Strien & Braet, unpublished work), prior to treatment, while their parents reported on their child's eating behaviour by completing the DEBQ-parent version (Braet & Van Strien, 1997). Results Parents scored significantly higher when reporting on the emotional eating and external eating behaviour of their child, while they scored lower for restrained eating (all p,<,0.001). Comparisons between the subscales of the DEBQ-parent version and the DEBQ-child version revealed significant positive correlations of r,=,0.45 for emotional eating, r,=,0.35 for external eating and r,=,0.36 for restrained eating (all p,<,0.01); convergence is lowest for the age group younger than 10 (p,<,0.05). Both versions of the DEBQ displayed low correlations with the degree of overweight of the child. Discussion Parents and children displayed moderate to good agreement with regard to emotional eating, external eating and restrained eating. However when only one perspective can be assessed, possible biases must be taken into account. In that case, the use of appropriate age-specific norms is indicated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] The effect of different soothing interventions on infant crying and on parent,infant interactionINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002M. Ruth Elliott Professor Emeritus Conducted in the home environment, this study examines the effects of three complementary soothing techniques on the duration of infant crying and on caregiver,infant interaction. In one group, the caregivers apply massage; in another, they provide supplemental carrying to their infants, and in the last, the caregivers both massage and provide supplemental carrying. Measurements, for the one control and three treatment groups took place prenatally (third trimester) and in the first 16 weeks postpartum for parental perception of infant temperament, parental sense of competence, parent,infant interaction, and the duration of infant crying. Whereas analyses indicate no statistically significant differences between groups in reducing infant crying, results approached significance (p , .06) in favor of the combined supplemental carrying/massage group. These results challenge accepted beliefs that tactile stimulation and/or supplemental carrying enhance parental sense of competence, positive parental perceptions, and interactions with infants. Practitioners can apply these conclusions when counselling parents on the advisability of selecting any one complementary soothing technique. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] A Quasi-Experimental Trial on Individualized, Developmentally Supportive Family-Centered CareJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 1 2006Jacqueline F. Byers Objective:, To evaluate the impact of individualized, developmentally supportive family-centered care on infant physiological variables, growth, behavioral stress cues, return to sleep state, medical and developmental progress, complications, resource utilization, parental perception of the neonatal intensive-care unit experience, and overall parental satisfaction. Design:, Quasi-experimental, repeated measures design. Setting:, Developmental and a control nursery in a 78-bed, level II/III neonatal intensive-care unit. Participants:, A convenience sample of 114 premature infants and their parents. Interventions:, Control group infants received the routine neonatal intensive-care unit standard of care. Experimental infants received routine care plus the addition of individualized, developmentally supportive family-centered interventions. Main Outcome measures:, Between groups, there were no statistically significant differences in demographic factors, days to medical or developmental milestones, length of stay, or direct cost/case. Repeated measures analysis of variance determined that at every point of data collection, the average number of baseline, activity, and postactivity stress cues were lower in the developmentally supportive group. Infants in the developmental group had 8% less sedatives/narcotics and 15% less vasopressors costs than the control group. There were no differences in complication rates, parental perceptions of the neonatal intensive-care unit experience, or parental satisfaction between groups. Conclusions:, Preterm infants who received developmentally supportive family-centered care demonstrated fewer behavioral stress cues and comparable short-term outcomes and resource utilization than infants who received routine care. JOGNN, 35, 105-115; 2006. DOI: 10.1111/J.1552-6909.2006.00002.x [source] Annotation: Pathways to care for children with mental health problemsTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 7 2006Kapil Sayal Background:, Although many children with mental health problems are in contact with primary health care services, few receive appropriate help. Methods:, Using a pathways to care model, this paper systematically reviews the literature relating to access to services. It separates out the various stages of help-seeking: parental perception of problems, use of primary care services, recognition within primary care, and referral to or use of specialist health services. Results:, Following parental awareness of child symptoms, parental perception of problems is the key initial step in the help-seeking process. Although children with mental health problems or disorders are regular attenders within primary care and most parents acknowledge that it is appropriate to discuss concerns about psychosocial issues in this setting, few children are presented with mental health symptoms even if their parents have such concerns. Subsequently, less than half of children with disorders are recognised in primary care. Amongst recognised children, about half are referred to specialist services. Overall, up to one-third of children with disorders receive services for mental health problems. Factors such as the type and severity of disorder, parental perceptions, child age and gender, and family and social background factors determine which affected children access services. Conclusions:, As there are inequities in patterns of service use, a greater emphasis on developing resources at population and primary care levels is required. Barriers involving parental perceptions and expression of concerns within consultations should be minimised at these levels. This requires both public education approaches and improved training and specialist support for primary care services to enhance their ability to provide for these children. [source] Effects of parental perception of neighbourhood deprivation and family environment characteristics on pro-social behaviours among 4,12 year old childrenAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 4 2010Andre M. N. Renzaho Abstract Objective: To assess the effect family environment stressors (e.g. poor family functioning and parental psychological distress) and neighbourhood environment on child prosocial behaviour (CPB) and child difficulty behaviour (CDB) among 4-to-12 year old children. Methods: Analysis of the 2006 Victorian Child Health and Wellbeing Survey (VCHWS) dataset derived from a statewide cross-sectional telephone survey, with a final total sample of 3,370 children. Results: Only family functioning, parental psychological distress, child gender, and age were associated with CPB, explaining a total of 8% of the variance. Children from healthily functioning families and of parents without any psychological distress exhibited greater prosocial behaviours than those from poorly functioning families and of parents with mental health problems. Neighbourhood environment was not found to contribute to CPB. A total of eight variables were found to predict CDB, explaining a total of 16% of the variance. Poor family and parental psychological functioning as well as poor access to public facilities in the neighbourhood were associated with conduct problems in children. Conclusion: Our results point to the importance of the family environment in providing a context that fosters the development of empathic, caring and responsible children; and in buffering children in exhibiting behaviour difficulties during the formative years of life. Programs aimed at promoting prosocial behaviours in children need to target stressors on the family environment. [source] Parental perception of children's weight in a paediatric primary care settingCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2007E. R. Wald Abstract Objective To determine how parents of overweight children perceived their children's weight status compared with actual body mass index (BMI). Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed parental perception of and concern about weight, diet and physical activity of 3,12-year-olds. BMI values ,85th and <95th percentile and ,95th percentile were considered at risk for overweight and overweight respectively. Differences between groups were tested with chi-squared analyses or Fishers exact test as appropriate and further explored using logistic regression analysis. Results Questionnaires were completed at 612 health maintenance visits (278 girls). Overall, 15% of both boys and girls were at risk for overweight and 22% of boys and 24% of girls were overweight. Forty-nine per cent of parents recognized their overweight children as overweight. Perceptions were more often correct for parents of girls than boys (63% versus 36%, P < 0.001) and for older compared with younger children (61.7% versus 17.5%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Parents of overweight children frequently did not perceive their children as exceeding healthy weight standards. Targeting parental perception as a point of intervention is necessary. [source] How do parents perceive their adolescent's diabetes: a qualitative studyDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 11 2006Aaron E. Carroll Abstract Background/aims The developmental tasks of adolescence, combined with physical changes, can interfere with self-management behaviour. Yet little is known about how parents view these challenges as they attempt to help their children cope with diabetes. Our objective was to understand how living with an adolescent with diabetes influences parents' perceptions of their child's well-being, their relationship with their child, and how they perceive the influence of peers and school on their child's diabetes. Methods Twenty-eight parents of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, aged 13,18 years, participated in focus groups. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative methods to determine dominant themes and incidence density. Results Themes included how diabetes negatively influences their adolescent's lifestyle, how diabetes makes it difficult for parents to understand developmental challenges experienced by their child, concerns regarding the potential to develop long-term complications, perceptions on how diabetes impacts on their relationship with their child and relationships with peers and how their children's school impacts on their diabetes self-management Conclusions This qualitative focus group study provides insight into parental perceptions of adolescents living with Type 1 diabetes, specifically as it relates to lifestyle implications, relationships with parents, peers and physicians, and school experiences. [source] The Golden Freeway: a preliminary evaluation of a pilot study advancing information technology as a social intervention for boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their familiesHEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 1 2004Jennifer Soutter BSc PhD Abstract Established information technology was used in an attempt to reduce social isolation by providing each family who had a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with a personal computer, and e-mail and Internet connectivity. Seventy-four of the 88 families in the north of England (i.e. Cumbria, Durham, Northumberland, Teesside, and Tyne and Wear) with a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who was diagnosed before January 2000 had the equipment installed. Evaluations of equipment usage and parental perceptions of the project were carried out at 3 and 12 months post-installation. Results from quantitative and qualitative interviews with parents indicated that benefits accrued to the families and to the boys themselves: family relationships can be extended, and the boys can acquire a degree of independence which, according to parents' views, can boost self-confidence and self-esteem. As hoped, social isolation was felt to have been reduced, and an occupation, interest and enjoyment provided. The greatest use of the computer was for schoolwork with siblings sharing in this. Cost proved to be a problem for a number of families. For the project team, there were unexpected aspects: creating an e-community was more difficult than anticipated, more training was required and not all families would ever use the equipment to its fullest. However, families did emphasise the value of the project as a way of opening the world for their sons. [source] ,Do I don't I call the doctor': a qualitative study of parental perceptions of calling the GP out-of-hoursHEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 4 2000Anna M. Houston BSc MA RGN RM RHV The purpose of this study was to investigate how parents use the GP out-of-hours service. There was a lack of information about how parents managed childhood illness and what strategies they put in place to help them to cope before calling the GP. The investigation of parental perceptions was based on a qualitative design using in-depth interviews of 29 families from a semi-rural location in the south-east of England. All parents said they found dealing with a sick child out-of-hours stressful and were concerned to make the right decision for their child. Furthermore, parents usually employed a reasonable strategy in attempting to manage the child's illness. This study demonstrated that the decision to call the doctor was not taken lightly. Many parents had implemented useful strategies prior to calling the doctor. However, most parents were also aware of their limitations and feared doing the wrong thing. It would seem that on occasion this fear combined with factors such as a lack of social support and loss of parental confidence resulted in calling the doctor out of hours to seek ,peace of mind'. A rethink is needed among health professionals about the ,problem' of out-of-hours calls. GPs could actively seek to empower parents by educating them about minor illness during visits and consultations. It is not enough to offer reassurance to parents that their children are fine. Health visitors and other health professionals who come into contact with young families may help to educate and empower. [source] Insecure adult attachment style and depressive symptoms: Implications for parental perceptions of infant temperamentINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Anu-Katriina Pesonen The current study tested associations between parental depressive symptoms, adult attachment styles, and perceptions of infant temperament among 319 mother,infant and 173 father,infant dyads. Depressive symptoms and insecure attachment style among the mothers and/or fathers were associated with perceptions of the infant as temperamentally more negatively and/or less positively tuned. Multivariate analyses of depressive symptoms and attachment styles with perceived temperament suggest that depressive symptoms and perceived temperament remain significantly associated, while the associations between attachment styles and perceived temperament, in most instances, were reduced to nonsignificance. We also tested whether secure attachment among the parents buffered any negatively and/or positively tuned depression-related perceptions, but found no supporting evidence. Even though the study results await replication in longitudinal designs, they nevertheless underline the significance of parental depressive information processing in the perceiving of infant temperament. ©2004 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] The effect of different soothing interventions on infant crying and on parent,infant interactionINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002M. Ruth Elliott Professor Emeritus Conducted in the home environment, this study examines the effects of three complementary soothing techniques on the duration of infant crying and on caregiver,infant interaction. In one group, the caregivers apply massage; in another, they provide supplemental carrying to their infants, and in the last, the caregivers both massage and provide supplemental carrying. Measurements, for the one control and three treatment groups took place prenatally (third trimester) and in the first 16 weeks postpartum for parental perception of infant temperament, parental sense of competence, parent,infant interaction, and the duration of infant crying. Whereas analyses indicate no statistically significant differences between groups in reducing infant crying, results approached significance (p , .06) in favor of the combined supplemental carrying/massage group. These results challenge accepted beliefs that tactile stimulation and/or supplemental carrying enhance parental sense of competence, positive parental perceptions, and interactions with infants. Practitioners can apply these conclusions when counselling parents on the advisability of selecting any one complementary soothing technique. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] Family Needs Assessment in Cerebral Palsy ClinicJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2009Constance F. Buran PURPOSE. The dual purpose of this study was to identify areas of need as perceived by parents of children with cerebral palsy in three domains and to evaluate internal reliability of the Family Needs Assessment Tool (FNAT). DESIGN AND METHODS. The FNAT was distributed to parents and includes a demographic survey and three subscales: service, information, and obstacles to care. RESULTS. Parents identified services as their greatest need, followed by information and then obstacles to care. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. The FNAT may be utilized to evaluate parental perceptions of needs, and provide clinicians with information for program planning and assessing needs central to providing quality care. [source] A Quasi-Experimental Trial on Individualized, Developmentally Supportive Family-Centered CareJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 1 2006Jacqueline F. Byers Objective:, To evaluate the impact of individualized, developmentally supportive family-centered care on infant physiological variables, growth, behavioral stress cues, return to sleep state, medical and developmental progress, complications, resource utilization, parental perception of the neonatal intensive-care unit experience, and overall parental satisfaction. Design:, Quasi-experimental, repeated measures design. Setting:, Developmental and a control nursery in a 78-bed, level II/III neonatal intensive-care unit. Participants:, A convenience sample of 114 premature infants and their parents. Interventions:, Control group infants received the routine neonatal intensive-care unit standard of care. Experimental infants received routine care plus the addition of individualized, developmentally supportive family-centered interventions. Main Outcome measures:, Between groups, there were no statistically significant differences in demographic factors, days to medical or developmental milestones, length of stay, or direct cost/case. Repeated measures analysis of variance determined that at every point of data collection, the average number of baseline, activity, and postactivity stress cues were lower in the developmentally supportive group. Infants in the developmental group had 8% less sedatives/narcotics and 15% less vasopressors costs than the control group. There were no differences in complication rates, parental perceptions of the neonatal intensive-care unit experience, or parental satisfaction between groups. Conclusions:, Preterm infants who received developmentally supportive family-centered care demonstrated fewer behavioral stress cues and comparable short-term outcomes and resource utilization than infants who received routine care. JOGNN, 35, 105-115; 2006. DOI: 10.1111/J.1552-6909.2006.00002.x [source] Alcohol Use Among Rural Middle School Students: Adolescents, Parents, Teachers, and Community Leaders' Perceptions*JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 2 2009Laura DeHaan PhD ABSTRACT BACKGROUND:, Although rural adolescents use of alcohol is at some of the highest rates nationally, rural adolescent alcohol use has not been studied extensively. This study examines how community attitudes and behaviors are related to adolescent drinking in rural environments. METHODS:, Data were gathered in 22 rural communities in the Upper Midwest (North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming). Surveys were collected from 1424 rural sixth- to eighth-grade adolescents and 790 adults, including parents, teachers, and community leaders. Census data were also collected. RESULTS:, Drinkers differed from nondrinkers by the following factors: higher perceptions of peer, parental, and overall community drinking, as well as lower levels of parental closeness and religiosity. Factors distinguishing binge and nonbinge drinkers were increased drinking to reduce stress, drinking to fit in, perceptions of peer drinking, and perceived lack of alternatives to drinking. Parents were significantly less likely to perceive adolescent alcohol use as a problem than other community adults; school officials were most likely to perceive it as a problem. Parental perceptions were also the least correlated to actual adolescent use, while adolescent perceptions were the most highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS:, Community fac tors such as overall prevalence of drinking, community support, and controls against drinking are important predictors of reported use in early adolescence. School officials were more likely to view adolescent alcohol use as a problem than were parents. School officials' perceptions of adolescent use were also more related to actual adolescent use than were parental perceptions of adolescent use. [source] Review article: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in infants and childrenALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 8 2010T. FRÖHLICH Aliment Pharmacol Ther,31, 788,801 Summary Background, Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement is widely accepted in children needing long-term gastrostomy feeding and clinical experience has been accumulated using PEG in children for nearly three decades. Aim, To discuss the current knowledge about clinical application of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children as well as associated complications and special aspects. Methods, We reviewed literature on PEG, primarily in children, with a focus on complications, gastro-oesophageal reflux, potential benefits and parental perceptions. In addition to reviewing scientific literature, we considered clinical experience and judgment in developing recommendations for special aspects concerning PEG in children. Results, Since its introduction in 1980, the use of PEG in paediatric patients has become widely accepted. With expanded experience, the number of medical conditions for which PEG is indicated, as well as the use of new techniques has increased. Published reports have helped improve expertise in dealing with associated complications; however, several key issues remain unresolved such as the implications of gastro-oesophageal reflux associated with PEG placement. Conclusions, Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion for enteral nutrition in children and adolescents is an efficient and safe technique, even in small children, and is associated with a tolerable complication rate. [source] Annotation: Pathways to care for children with mental health problemsTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 7 2006Kapil Sayal Background:, Although many children with mental health problems are in contact with primary health care services, few receive appropriate help. Methods:, Using a pathways to care model, this paper systematically reviews the literature relating to access to services. It separates out the various stages of help-seeking: parental perception of problems, use of primary care services, recognition within primary care, and referral to or use of specialist health services. Results:, Following parental awareness of child symptoms, parental perception of problems is the key initial step in the help-seeking process. Although children with mental health problems or disorders are regular attenders within primary care and most parents acknowledge that it is appropriate to discuss concerns about psychosocial issues in this setting, few children are presented with mental health symptoms even if their parents have such concerns. Subsequently, less than half of children with disorders are recognised in primary care. Amongst recognised children, about half are referred to specialist services. Overall, up to one-third of children with disorders receive services for mental health problems. Factors such as the type and severity of disorder, parental perceptions, child age and gender, and family and social background factors determine which affected children access services. Conclusions:, As there are inequities in patterns of service use, a greater emphasis on developing resources at population and primary care levels is required. Barriers involving parental perceptions and expression of concerns within consultations should be minimised at these levels. This requires both public education approaches and improved training and specialist support for primary care services to enhance their ability to provide for these children. [source] Evaluation of the processes of family-centred care for young children with intellectual disability in Western AustraliaCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2010A. Wilkins Abstract Introduction Government early intervention services for children with intellectual disability (ID) in Western Australia have adopted the model of family-centred care. The aim of this study was to evaluate how well it was being practised, to describe the pattern of service utilization and to identify factors influencing parental perceptions of family-centred care. Methods The study included children aged 0,6 years with ID, who were registered clients of Disability Services Commission, Western Australia. Parents completed a postal survey questionnaire about the frequency and type of services received and their perceptions of services using the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-56) questionnaire. Mean scores for the five MPOC domains were compared using anova against the independent variables of child age group, child diagnostic group, service type and frequency, place of residence, family and demographic variables. Significant variables in each domain were then entered into multivariate analyses. Results Of 292 eligible families, 165 (59%) returned a completed questionnaire. While over 50% of children had contact with occupational, speech and physical therapists at least once per month, less than 20% of children had at least annual contact with either psychology or dental services. Families rated their satisfaction highest for ,respectful and supportive care' and lowest for ,providing general information'. Individual item analyses indicated less satisfaction with ,co-ordinated and comprehensive care'. Higher means were associated with more frequent contact with occupational therapy. Conclusion Overall respondents reported early intervention services for young children with ID in Western Australia provided satisfactory family-centred care by means of the 56-item MPOC. The frequency of contact with allied health professionals was positively associated with parental ratings of family-centred care. The study indicates under-servicing in dental care and psychology services. [source] | ||||||||||||||||