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Paradoxical Situation (paradoxical + situation)
Selected Abstracts,Bound from Either Side': The Limits of Power in Carolingian Marriage Disputes, 840,870GENDER & HISTORY, Issue 3 2007Rachel Stone The article discusses four marriage disputes in ninth-century Francia which involved noblemen: Count Stephen of the Auvergne, Count Boso of Italy, Baldwin of Flanders and the royal vassal Falcric. All these men were affected by Carolingian reforming measures on consanguineous marriage, divorce and raptus (abduction). The article examines how gender and social status affected the forms of power and the strategies used by different parties in the cases: archbishops and popes, kings, the women involved and the noblemen themselves. A paradoxical situation is revealed: despite the patriarchal basis of Carolingian society, the power even of elite men over women and marriage was often highly contingent. Yet such restrictions on power did not imperil the gender order: the masculinity of the men involved in these marriage disputes was not questioned. [source] Does European citizenship breed xenophobia?JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2002European identification as a predictor of intolerance towards immigrants Abstract The European Union is generally perceived as endorsing universalistic and multi-cultural values. However, social identity and self-categorization theories predict that, when certain conditions are met, a negative relation between ingroup identification and tolerance towards outgroup members should be observed. We argue that the creation of the status of ,Citizen of the Union' in Maastricht may contribute to meeting those conditions and therefore to increase intolerance towards resident foreigners. If that is the case, a paradoxical situation could emerge, in which people's levels of tolerance towards foreigners would contradict group values. We examined the relations between values associated with Europe, European and national identification, and tolerance towards foreigners through a survey study with a,non-representative,sample of undergraduate French-speaking Belgian students. Results show that Europe was generally associated with humanistic values. But they also reveal that strong European identifiers tended to express more xenophobic attitudes than weak European identifiers, whilst national identification was not related with such attitudes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Strategic management of the Tokyo taxi cab industry: an exploratory studyKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 1 2007Walter Skok Taxicabs are an indispensable means of transportation in Tokyo, as they provide a 24/7 door-to-door service for a daily average of 1.3 million people. In 2002, legislation was introduced to abolish restrictions on the number of taxicabs on the road. This relaxation of regulation, together with the corresponding recession, raised new issues such as increasing cab numbers and reducing drivers' wages. The wide variety of stakeholders involved within the taxicab industry have conflicting positions, resulting in little agreement on the possible way forward. An exploratory study was therefore undertaken in order to investigate the management of Tokyo's taxicab operations in order to formulate strategies for improving the service. Two related papers report on the study. This paper starts by providing an understanding of the current situation, examining the roles of the major stakeholders and outlining day-to-day operations. Academic frameworks, for example PEST, Critical Success Factors and the Cultural Web, from the strategic management literature, are used to identify the structure of the industry and analyse the environment in which it operates. The results found that Tokyo's taxicab industry is highly efficient operationally, due to the high standard of customer service, effective driver's learning scheme and active use of IT. However, a paradoxical situation has been identified where the demand for cabs has decreased even though the available vehicles have increased. Finally, a uniform method to measure the level of taxicab service is recommended. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] High-field optically detected EPR and ENDOR of semiconductor defects using W-band microwave Fabry,Pérot resonators,MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue S1 2005J.-M. Spaeth Abstract The designs of W-band (,95 GHz) Fabry,Pérot microwave resonators for optically detected EPR and ENDOR using the magnetic circular dichroism of the optical absorption (MCDA) as well as for photo-luminescence-detected EPR are briefly described. We report on the first MCDA-detected high-field EPR/ENDOR investigation of the paramagnetic EL2+ defect in semi-insulating GaAs. The higher-order effects, which prevented the unambiguous analysis of previous MCDA-detected K-band EPR/ENDOR experiments could be suppressed in W-band. The analysis of the ENDOR spectra showed that an extremely precise alignment of the samples is necessary. The paramagnetic El2+ defect turned out to be an As antisite defect, which has four almost equivalent nearest 75As neighbours differing less than 1.5% in the superhyperfine interactions suggestive of an isolated As antisite, while the third 75As shell (fifth neighbour shell) is clearly of lower symmetry than expected for an isolated As antisite. We discuss as a possible solution to this paradoxical situation that EL2+ is an isolated antisite at room temperature, which at low temperature, where all magnetic resonance experiments are performed, associates itself with shallow acceptors such as ZnGa, more than two nearest neighbour distances away. According to recent theoretical calculations, such ,loose' complexes with binding energies between 0.01 eV and 0.05 eV and disturb the equivalence of the nearest neighbour superhyperfine (shf) interactions less than 1.5%. Also, W-band EPR was measured using the photo-luminescence for detection to investigate P dopants in 6H-SiC. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Post dural puncture headache in a pediatric patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertensionPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 9 2005OLUBUKOLA O. NAFIU MD FRCA Summary We describe the occurrence of postdural puncture headache (PPDH) in an adolescent with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and its successful management with an epidural blood patch. PPDH is a very rare occurrence in patients with intracranial hypertension and is described as a paradoxical situation in the literature. There are only two previous case reports (in adults) of the possible association. A 15-year-old obese patient with a diagnosis of IIH had an uneventful diagnostic spinal tap using a 22G Quincke needle in the pediatric emergency department but returned 24 h later with PPDH. After a failed trial of conservative management, she had an uneventful but curative epidural blood patch with 15 ml of autologous venous blood and was able to return to school the day after the blood patch. Follow-up review by her neuro-ophthalmologist shows resolution of her headaches, considerable improvement in her visual field defect and resolution of papilledema. This is the first report of PPDH and its successful management with an epidural blood patch in a pediatric patient with IIH. [source] The enigma of the welfare state: excellent child health prerequisites , poor subjective healthACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2010C Lindgren Abstract The rate of subjective health complaints among Swedish children is increasing by age and over time, and more so than among children in other Scandinavian countries. In contrast, the somatic health and prerequisites for wellbeing are excellent. This paradoxical situation, The Enigma of the Welfare State, is the focus of this viewpoint. We argue that one important background factor may be late adverse effects of the welfare society itself and some of its inherent values. We have identified several possible pathways. We have given them names of diseases , on the society level , like health obsession, stress panic, welfare apathy and hyper-individualism. Together with other factors such as a dysfunctional school and an unsatisfactory labour market for youth, these diseases are involved in an interplay that is constantly inducing anxiety and low self-esteem. Conclusion:, The gradually deteriorating self-reported health among Swedish youth may, to some degree, be explained as a late adverse effect of the welfare society itself and its inherent values. [source] | ||||||||||