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Paradoxical Cases (paradoxical + case)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences75%

Selected Abstracts

The Many as One: Integrity and Group Choice in Paradoxical Cases

PHILOSOPHY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2004
LEWIS A. KORNHAUSER
First page of article [source]

Public Provision for Urban Water: Getting Prices and Governance Right

GOVERNANCE, Issue 4 2008
EDUARDO ARARAL
Public sector monopolies are often associated with inefficiencies and inability to meet rising demand. Scholars attribute this to fundamental problems associated with public provision: (1) a tradition of below-cost pricing due to populist pressures, (2) owner,regulator conflicts of interest, and (3) perverse organizational incentives arising from non-credible threat of bankruptcy, weak competition, rigidities, and agency and performance measurement problems. Many governments worldwide have shifted to private provision, but recent experience in urban water utilities in developing countries has shown their limitations because of weak regulatory regimes compounded by inherent problems of information, incentives, and commitment. This article examines the paradoxical case of the Phnom Penh Water Supply in Cambodia to illustrate how public provision of urban water can be substantially improved by getting prices and governance right. Findings have implications for the search for solutions to provide one billion people worldwide with better access to potable water. [source]

Entries in the Leiden Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutation database: An overview of mutation types and paradoxical cases that confirm the reading-frame rule

MUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 2 2006
Annemieke Aartsma-Rus PhD
Abstract The severe Duchenne and milder Becker muscular dystrophy are both caused by mutations in the DMD gene. This gene codes for dystrophin, a protein important for maintaining the stability of muscle-fiber membranes. In 1988, Monaco and colleagues postulated an explanation for the phenotypic difference between Duchenne and Becker patients in the reading-frame rule: In Duchenne patients, mutations induce a shift in the reading frame leading to prematurely truncated, dysfunctional dystrophins. In Becker patients, in-frame mutations allow the synthesis of internally deleted, but largely functional dystrophins. Currently, over 4700 mutations have been reported in the Leiden DMD mutation database, of which 91% are in agreement with this rule. In this study we provide an update of the mutational variability in the DMD gene, particularly focusing on genotype,phenotype correlations and mutations that appear to be exceptions to the reading-frame rule. Muscle Nerve, 2006 [source]

LEXICAL PRIORITY AND THE PROBLEM OF RISK

PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2010
MICHAEL HUEMER
Some theories of practical reasons incorporate a lexical priority structure, according to which some practical reasons have infinitely greater weight than others. This includes absolute deontological theories and axiological theories that take some goods to be categorically superior to others. These theories face problems involving cases in which there is a non-extreme probability that a given reason applies. In view of such cases, lexical-priority theories are in danger of becoming irrelevant to decision-making, becoming absurdly demanding, or generating paradoxical cases in which each of a pair of actions is permissible yet the pair is impermissible. [source]