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Parabasal Cells (parabasal + cell)
Selected AbstractsCytohormonal and morphological alterations in cervicovaginal smears of postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapyDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2006Sanjay Gupta M.D. Abstract The objective of the study was to study the cytohormonal and morphological alterations in cervicovaginal smears associated with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and to assess the utility of vaginal cytology in determining the response to HRT. Ninety postmenopausal women (30 on estrogen,progesterone combination (HRT) for 1 to 24 mo (user 1), 30 on estrogen therapy (ERT) for 1 to 44 mo (user 2), and 30 not on any hormones (nonusers)) were included in the cross-sectional study. Their lateral vaginal wall smears and cervical smears were examined for hormonal and morphological assessments, respectively. The smear pattern showed predominance of parabasal cells in 46.6% of nonusers, while none of the users had >70% parabasal cells. A high percentage (>70%) of intermediate cells was found in 46.6% of users and only in 16.6% of nonusers. A high maturation value (MV) was found in more than 75% of users but in only 16.6% of nonusers. The women with high MV (>50) were significantly less symptomatic than did nonusers. Atrophic changes were present in cervical smears of 14/20 (46.6%) nonusers when compared with 1/60 (1.66%) users. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) were diagnosed in seven users and three nonusers. It persisted on follow-up in four users and one nonuser. Histology revealed one mild dysplasia among users. Lactobacilli were more frequently observed in users. The cytohormonal pattern on vaginal smears correlates well with the response to hormonal therapy and clinical symptoms. Awareness of the morphological alterations associated with the use of replacement hormones would enable the cytologists to reduce the false-positive diagnoses while evaluating postmenopausal smears. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:676,681. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Litigation cells: Their incidence and classification in gynecologic smearsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Wei Sun M.D. Abstract "Litigation cells" are defined as benign cells which may mimic dysplasia or cancer and might be used by plaintiffs' witnesses to imply that the cytotechnologist or pathologist "missed" cells of dysplasia or cancer. We reviewed 180 cervical smears from 166 patients who had hysterectomy for benign leiomyomas. All smears were performed within 12 months prior to hysterectomy. None of the uteri contained dysplasia or cancer on histologic examination. 90.6% of smears reviewed had at least one cell or cell group with atypia mimicking dysplasia or cancer. These "litigation cells" were classified as follows: parabasal cells, metaplastic squamous cells, degenerated endocervical cells, reactive endocervical cells, endometrial cells, neutrophils, histiocytes, and air-dried cells. Diseases mimicked by these cells included squamous cell carcinoma, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, adenocarcinoma, and glandular dysplasia. These "litigation cells" can be correctly classified by experienced cytotechnologists and cytopathologists and recognized as benign. We recommend that in all cases of alleged malpractice against cytotechnologists and/or pathologists the smears should be reviewed by a panel of individuals trained and experienced in cytopathology. The smears should be reviewed without knowledge of the clinical outcome and in an environment that simulates the normal screening practice. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:345,348. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Nerve growth factor ,/pro-nerve growth factor and their receptors in normal human oral mucosaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 5 2007Katsuhiko Hayashi Nerve growth factor , (NGF- ,) and its precursor proNGF are important for the differentiation and survival of neurons and dermal keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the role that NGF might play in the differentiation and wound healing of oral mucosa. Cultured normal human oral mucosal keratinocytes expressed mRNA for NGF- ,/proNGF and for their receptors TrkA and p75NTR. Lysates from cultured oral mucosal keratinocytes did not contain detectable amounts of mature 14-kDa NGF- , but did contain several NGF proforms with molecular weights between 32 and 114 kDa. Culture medium from oral mucosal keratinocytes contained 75 kDa proNGF. The addition of NGF- , significantly enhanced the proliferation of oral mucosal keratinocyte cultures and in vitro scratch closure. Immunostaining of biopsies from normal oral mucosa showed the presence of proNGF in all epithelial layers. NGF staining was observed in the granular and upper spinous cell layers. TrkA immunoreactivity was detected in basal and parabasal cells, with weak to moderate staining in spinous and granular cell layers. p75NTR staining was seen in basal cell layers. These findings indicate that NGF- ,/proNGF have mitogenic and motogenic effects on oral mucosal keratinocytes and therefore may aid in the healing of oral wounds. Differential expression of NGF and NGF receptors throughout the epithelium suggests a role in epithelial differentiation. [source] Ki-67 expression in non-tumour epithelium adjacent to oral cancer as risk marker for multiple oral tumoursORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2010MA González-Moles Objective:, The aim of this study was to determine whether the differential assessment of epithelial proliferation is useful to diagnose premalignant fields and assess the risk of multiple tumours. Material and methods:, We analysed 83 oral carcinomas with associated non-tumour epithelium classified as distant or close according to its distance (> or <1 cm) from the invasion point, and as squamous hyperplasia, mild, moderate, severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. Twenty-five healthy oral mucosa samples were used as controls. An immunohistochemical technique was applied using Mib-1. Ki-67 in premalignant epithelium was assessed in basal layer, parabasal layer, medium and upper third. Results:, Parabasal expression was significantly higher or showed a tendency to be higher in close and distant epithelia with any histological grade than in the controls. Parabasal Ki-67 significantly differed between distant epithelia associated with multiple vs single tumours (P < 0.001) and between distant epithelia associated with multiple tumours vs controls (P < 0.001). This difference was not observed between distant epithelia associated with single tumours and controls (P = 0.175). The cut-off point that differentiated epithelia associated with multiple tumours was >50% of Ki-67 + parabasal cells in distant epithelia, which yielded 0.88 sensitivity and 0.79 specificity. Conclusions:, The concept of a precancerous field may be linked to an increase in the proliferative activity of parabasal cells. [source] Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase is activated in cervical intraepithelial neoplasms but inactivated in invasive cervical carcinomaPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2006Keiko Matsuura The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway has been reported to play important roles in cell growth in various neoplasms. The purpose of the present study was to immunohistochemically analyze the phosphorylation status (activity) of ERK in 24 cases of cervical carcinoma using an antiphosphorylated ERK antibody (,p-ERK Ab) that specifically recognizes the phosphorylated form of ERK (p-ERK). In normal cervical epithelium, p-ERK was found to be confined to basal cells that were negative for Ki-67, suggesting that ERK was not activated in proliferating normal cervical epithelium. In cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN), increased abnormal parabasal cells were positive for both p-ERK and Ki-67, suggesting that ERK activation in CIN may be involved in tumor cell proliferation. In contrast, it was found that, in invasive cervical carcinomas, almost all the carcinoma cells were positive for Ki-67 but negative for p-ERK, suggesting that, in contrast to many other types of cancers, the ERK signaling pathway is downregulated in invasive cervical carcinoma. These findings suggest that the phosphorylation status of ERK differs between CIN and invasive carcinomas, and that downregulation of the ERK signaling pathway may contribute to transformation of CIN to invasive cervical carcinomas. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||