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Panoramic Radiographs (panoramic + radiograph)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Alveolar bone loss associated with glucose tolerance in Japanese men

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 9 2003
T. Marugame
Abstract Aims Type 2 diabetes is known to affect alveolar bone loss (ABL). The purpose of this study was to examine whether impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with ABL, as is diabetes. Methods A case,control study was performed with 664 Japanese men aged 46,57 years. Panoramic radiographs revealed 513 severe ABL cases, 22 moderate ABL cases, and 129 controls with good alveolar bone. Diabetes status was classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), IGT, and newly diagnosed diabetes according to the fasting plasma glucose and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Diabetes under treatment was excluded. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from ordinal logistic regression analysis. Statistical adjustment was made for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, rank in the Self Defence Forces (SDF), cigarette-years, alcohol use, body mass index, previous 10 years' brushing habits and instrument use other than toothbrush, and history of periodontal treatment. Results A significant, approximately three-fold increase in the crude OR (crude OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.16,9.27) and non-significant 2.6-fold increase in the adjusted OR (adjusted OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 0.86, 7.54) of ABL was observed among men with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes compared with the reference group (NGT combined with IFG). However, there was no association between IGT and ABL (adjusted OR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.59,1.64). Conclusions Type 2 diabetes, but not IGT, was positively associated with ABL. Preventive maintenance against periodontitis is important in middle-aged men with diabetes. [source]

Imaging of Mandibular Trauma: ROC Analysis

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 7 2001
Dipl., Madhu K. Nair BDS
Objectives: To compare the diagnostic efficacies of panoramic radiographs, mandibular trauma series, and digitized radiographs for detection of fractures of the mandible. Methods: Fractures were induced using blunt trauma in 25 cadaver mandibles. Panoramic radiographs, digitized radiographs, and mandibular series comprising an anteroposterior view, two lateral oblique, and a reverse Towne's were used. Six observers recorded their diagnoses using a five-point confidence rating scale. The data were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Significant differences based on imaging modalities were found (p < 0.0015) in the area under the curves (Az): panoramic radiograph, 0.8762; mandibular series, 0.7521; panoramic plus anteroposterior radiographs combination, 0.8886; and digitized mandibular series, 0.7723. No observer-based differences were noted. Condylar and coronoid fractures were difficult to detect than those in other areas of the mandible (p < 0.033). Intra- and inter-observer agreements were high (,w= 0.81 and 0.76, respectively). Conclusions: Panoramic radiographs are adequate for detection of mandibular fractures. Addition of an anteroposterior view augments diagnostic accuracy. [source]

Investigating the etiology of multiple tooth agenesis in three sisters with severe oligodontia

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008
S Swinnen
Structured Abstract Authors,,, Swinnen S, Bailleul-Forestier I, Arte S, Nieminen P, Devriendt K, Carels C Objectives,,, To describe the dentofacial phenotypes of three sisters with severe non-syndromic oligodontia, to report on the mutation analysis in three genes, previously shown to cause various phenotypes of non-syndromic oligodontia and in two other suspected genes. Based on the phenotypes in the pedigree of this family, the different possible patterns of transmission are discussed. Methods,,, Anamnestic data and a panoramic radiograph were taken to study the phenotype of the three sisters and their first-degree relatives. Blood samples were also taken to obtain their karyotypes and DNA samples. Mutational screening was performed for the MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, DLX1 and DLX2 genes. Results,,, The probands' pedigree showed evidence for a recessive or multifactorial inheritance pattern. Normal chromosomal karyotypes were found and , despite the severe oligodontia present in all three sisters , no mutation appeared to be present in the five genes studied so far in these patients. Conclusions,,, In the three sisters reported, their common oligodontia phenotype is not caused by mutations in the coding regions of MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, DLX1 or DLX2 genes, but genetic factors most probably play a role as all three sisters were affected. Environmental and epigenetic factors as well as genes regulating odontogenesis need further in vivo and in vitro investigation to explain the phenotypic heterogeneity and to increase our understanding of the odontogenic processes. [source]

Exclusion of coding region mutations in MSX1, PAX9 and AXIN2 in eight patients with severe oligodontia phenotype

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006
A Gerits
Structured Abstract Authors,,, Gerits A, Nieminen P, De Muynck S, Carels C Purpose,,, This paper describes the screening of eight patients with severe oligodontia for PAX9 and AXIN2 mutations. Subjects and Methods,,, Anamnestic data and a panoramic radiograph were collected to study the phenotype of eight patients with oligodontia and their first-degree relatives. A blood sample was taken for a mutational screening for PAX9 and AXIN2 mutations. Results,,, No mutations were discovered, but a unique nucleotide change in a conserved 5, flanking region of PAX9 was revealed. Earlier screening of the same patients for MSX1 mutations also had a negative outcome. Conclusions,,, Considering the discrepancy between the high incidence rate of agenesis and the relatively small number of reported causative mutations in PAX9, MSX1 and AXIN2 genes, the genetic contribution to oligodontia probably is much more heterogeneous than expected so far. Therefore negative results, like the present exclusion data, should be published more often in order to get a better appreciation of the relative contribution of these specific mutations causing oligodontia. In this context the exact number of tested probands also should be mentioned at all cases. Recent evidence of PAX9,MSX1 protein interactions in odontogenesis as well as other genes and developmental factors should receive more attention. [source]

Patient assessment and diagnosis in implant treatment

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2008
NU Zitzmann
Abstract As in any dental treatment procedure, a thorough patient assessment is a prerequisite for adequate treatment planning including dental implants. The literature was searched for references to patient assessment in implant treatment up to September 2007 in Medline via PubMed and an additional handsearch was performed. Patient assessment included the following aspects: (1) evaluation of patient's history, his/her complaints, desires and preferences; (2) extra-and intra-oral examination with periodontal and restorative status of the remaining dentition; (3) obligatory prerequisites were a panoramic radiograph and periapical radiographs (at least from the adjacent teeth) for diagnosis and treatment planning. Additional tomographs are required depending on the anatomic situation and the complexity of the planned restoration; (4) study casts are needed especially in more complex situations also requiring a diagnostic set-up, which can be tried-in and transferred into a provisional restoration as well as into a radiographic and surgical template. The current review clearly revealed the necessity for a thorough, structured patient assessment. Following an evaluation, a recommendation is given for implant therapy or, if not indicated, conventional treatment alternatives can be presented. [source]

Is self-reported alcohol consumption associated with osteoporotic mandibular bone loss in women?

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2009
Olivia Nackaerts
The aim of this study was to determine whether alcohol consumption would predict mandibular bone quality and quantity in a large European female population. In total, 672 middle-aged and elderly women (45,70 yr of age; standard deviation = 6) were recruited in the study. Alcohol consumption was recorded through a self-reported questionnaire. Mandibular cortical width was measured, by five observers, in the mental foramen region on panoramic radiographs. Mandibular bone density, expressed as aluminium thickness, was recorded on intra-oral radiographs. Alcohol consumption was associated with a reduction of mandibular bone density and cortical width. This association was higher in subjects with excessive alcohol consumption, defined in the present study as > 14 units consumed per week. This study showed reduced jaw-bone quality in older individuals and in those with increased alcohol consumption. [source]

Advanced dental maturity in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2000
Arto Lehtinen
The subjects of the investigation comprised 95 girls and 73 boys with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and 102 girls and 66 boys representing healthy controls, all with a chronological age from 6.3 to 14.4 yr. The dental development was assessed from panoramic radiographs using a seven-tooth model. The radiographs were evaluated on three separate occasions with a minimum interval of one month in a randomized order, and blind with respect to absence or presence of JRA. In both JRA patients and healthy controls, dental maturity was ahead of chronological age. In addition, dental maturity was significantly advanced in JRA patients with 0.26 yr in girls and 0.28 yr in boys. It is tentatively suggested that the advanced dental development in JRA patients compared with healthy children was partly an effect of treatment with cortisone, while the influence of the disorder per se remains to be elucidated. [source]

Imaging of Mandibular Trauma: ROC Analysis

Periodontitis and perceived risk for periodontitis in elders with evidence of depression

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003
G. R. Persson
Abstract Background: Depression and periodontitis are common conditions in older adults. There is some evidence that these two conditions may be related. Aims: To study a population of dentate elders and assess the prevalence of depression, self-assessment of risk for periodontitis and tooth loss, in relation to periodontal disease status. Material and methods: Data were obtained from 701 older subjects (mean age 67.2 years (SD±4.6), of whom 59.5% were women. Self-reports of a diagnosis of depression, scores of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and self-assessment of risk for future tooth loss and periodontitis were compared with a diagnosis of periodontitis based on probing depth, and bone loss assessed from panoramic radiographs. Other systemic diseases and smoking habits were also determined and studied in relation to depression. Results: A history of depression was reported by 20% of the subjects. GDS scores 8 were reported by 9.8% of the elders. Periodontitis was identified in 48.5% of the subjects. Depression was associated with heart attack (p<0.05), stroke (p<0.01), high blood pressure (p<0.02), all combined cardiovascular diseases (p<0.001), chronic pain (p<0.01), osteoarthritis (p<0.001), and osteoporosis (p< 0.001) but not with periodontitis (p=0.73). Subjects with depression had a higher self-reported risk score for future tooth loss (p<0.02). No group difference emerged for self-perceived risk for periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a past history of tooth loss (p<0.001), self-perceived risk for periodontitis (p<0.02), the number of years with a smoking habit (p<0.02), and male gender (p<0.02) were associated with a diagnosis of periodontitis but neither measure of depression could be included in an explanatory model for periodontitis. Conclusions: Evidence of depression (self-report or by GDS) is not associated with risk for periodontitis in older subjects but is associated with tooth loss and chronic conditions associated with pain. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Depression und Parodontitis sind gewöhnliche Bedingungen bei älteren Erwachsenen. Es gibt einige Evidenz, dass diese zwei Bedingungen miteinander in Beziehung stehen könnten. Ziel: Studium einer älteren bezahnten Population und Feststellung der Prävalenz der Depression, Selbstbestimmung des Risikos für Parodontitis und Zahnverlust in Beziehung zum parodontalen Erkrankungsstatus. Material und Methoden: Die Daten wurden von 701 älteren Personen erhalten (mittleres Alter 67.2 Jahre, SD+4.6), von denen 59.5% Frauen waren. Die Selbstberichte zur Diagnose Depression, Scorewerte einer geriatrischen Depressionsskala (GDS) und Selbstbeobachtung des Risikos eines zukünftigen Zahnverlustes und der Parodontitis wurden mit der Diagnose Parodontitis verglichen, die auf der Sondierungstiefe und dem Knochenverlust, gemessen an Panoramaaufnahmen, beruhte. Andere systemische Erkrankungen und Rauchen wurden auch bestimmt und in Beziehung zur Depression studiert. Ergebnisse: Eine Depression wurde von 20% der Personen berichtet. GDS Werte 8 wurden bei 9.8% der Älteren berichtet. Parodontitis wurde bei 48.5% der Personen identifiziert. Depression war verbunden mit Herzattacken (p<0.05), Schlaganfall (p<0.01), Bluthochdruck (p<0.02), allen kombinierten kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen (p<0.001), aber nicht mit Parodontitis (p=0.73). Personen mit Depression hatten ein höheres selbst berichtetes Risiko für zukünftigen Zahnverlust (p<0.02). Keine Gruppendifferenzen tauchten für das selbst berichtetes Risiko für Parodontitis auf. Die logistische Regressionsanalyse demonstrierte, dass vergangener Zahnverlust (p<0.001), selbst erkanntes Risiko für Parodontitis (p<0.02), die Anzahl der Jahre mit Zigarettenrauchen (p<0.02) und das männliche Geschlecht (p<0.02) mit der Diagnose Parodontitis verbunden waren, aber keine Messung der Depression konnte in das erklärende Modell für Parodontitis eingebunden werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Evidenz für Depression (selbst berichtet oder mit Hilfe des GDS) ist nicht verbunden mit dem Risiko für Parodontitis bei älteren Personen, aber ist verbunden mit Zahnverlust und chronischen mit Schmerz verbundenen Bedingungen. Résumé Contexte: La dépression et la parodontite sont des conditions banales chez les adultes âgés. Il existe quelques preuves de la relation entre ces deux conditions. Buts: étudier une population de sujets âgés et dentés et mettre en évidence la prévalence de la dépression, l'évaluation personnelle de risque de développement d'une parodontite et de perte dentaire en relation avec l'état de maladie parodontale. Matériels et méthodes: Des données furent obtenues chez 701 sujets âgés (age moyen 67.2 ans (SD±4.6), dont 59.5%étaient des femmes. Le rapport personnel de diagnostique de dépression, les scores de l'échelle gériatrique de dépression (GDS), et l'évaluation personnelle de risque de future perte dentaire et de parodontite furent comparés avec un diagnostique de parodontite fondé sur la profondeur au sondage et la mise en évidence de perte osseuse sur des radiographies panoramiques. D'autres maladies systémiques et le tabagisme furent aussi déterminés et étudiés en relation avec la dépression. Résultats: Un historique de dépression fut reporté chez 20% des sujets. Des scores de GDS 8 furent reportés par 9.8% des personnes âgés. Une parodontite fut identifiée chez 48.5% des sujets. La dépression était associée avec une attaque cardiaque (p<0.05), congestion cérébrale (p<0.01), hypertension (p<0.02), toute maladie cardiaque confondue (p<0.001), douleur chronique (p<0.01), arthrite osseuse (p<0.001), et ostéoporose (p< 0.001) mais pas avec la parodontite (p=0.73). Les sujets atteints de dépression avait un score de risque auto-rapporté de future perte dentaire plus important (p<0.02). Aucune différence des groupes n'émergeait pour l'auto-perception d'un risque de parodontite. Une analyse de régression logistique démontrait qu'un historique préalable de perte dentaire (p<0.001), un risque auto-perçu de parodontite (p<0.02), la durée de tabagisme (p<0.02), et l'appartenance au sexe masculin (p<0.02) étaient associés avec un diagnostique de parodontite mais aucune mesure de dépression ne pouvait être incluse dans un modèle d'explication de parodontite. Conclusions: la mise en évidence de la dépression (auto-rapportée ou par GDS) n'est pas associée avec un risque de parodontite chez des personnes âgés mais avec la perte dentaire et des conditions chroniques associées avec la douleur. [source]

Radiographic detection and assessment of the periodontal endosseous defects

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
Eudoxie A. Pepelassi
Abstract Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of conventional radiography in detecting and accurately imaging periodontal endosseous (or osseous) defects when compared to surgical measurements. A further objective of the study was the selection of the most successful radiographic method for the assessment of endosseous defects. Method: Surgical measurements, during periodontal flap surgery, and radiographic measurements, from periapical and panoramic radiographs, were obtained from 5072 proximal surfaces of 100 patients presenting with periodontitis. Results: Statistical evaluation of the surgical and radiographic measurements revealed the following. (1) The ability of the radiographs to detect periodontal osseous defects was relatively low. (2) For periapical radiography, it depended, in descending order, on the depth and buccolingual width of the defect, the number of osseous walls and the jaw location. For panoramic radiography, it depended only on buccolingual width. (3) Osseous defects of small depth and/or small buccolingual width were the most difficult to detect radiographically. (4) Periapical radiography was more successful than panoramic in detecting osseous defects, and more accurate in assessing the defect dimensions (depth, mesiodistal width). (5) The difference in the defect detection ability between the 2 radiographic methods, the accuracy of the radiographic defect dimensions assessment as well as the degree of agreement between periapical and panoramic assessment depended on defect location and dimensions. Conclusions: Periapical radiography is superior to panoramic in detecting and accurately imaging periodontal osseous destruction. [source]

Classifying degenerative joint disease by the RDC/TMD and by panoramic imaging: a retrospective analysis

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 3 2010
E. WINOCUR
Summary, The purposes of the study were to evaluate the utility of diagnosing degenerative joint disease (DJD) by the clinical finding of coarse crepitus alone, without supporting imaging studies, as defined by the RDC/TMD, and to evaluate the contribution of panoramic radiography as an aid in the diagnosis of DJD. A retrospective analysis of 372 consecutive patients with TMD was conducted. Their panoramic radiographs were evaluated for the extent of their contribution to the final diagnosis. Panoramic radiography was of no diagnostic value in 94·4% of the cases when the group was considered as a whole. When patients diagnosed with DJD were considered separately, panoramic radiography was completely sufficient for reaching the final diagnosis in 20·0% of the cases. In almost 90% of these patients, however, the clinical examination did not support the diagnosis of DJD (no coarse crepitus was found). This raises some doubts about the effectiveness of the clinical examination according to the RDC/TMD and about the utility of panoramic radiography in the definitive diagnosis of DJD, because both techniques have low accuracy (11·1% and 20%, respectively). The present study supports the current recommendations that panoramic radiography should not be ordered routinely to assess DJD, but still it is first choice when any dental problem is suspected. Further additional imaging (computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) should be considered only if there is reason to expect that the findings might affect diagnosis and management. This study adds to recent criticisms of the clinical validity of the RDC/TMD, with regard to DJD. [source]

Triage screening for osteoporosis in dental clinics using panoramic radiographs

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2010
A Taguchi
Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 316,327 Many patients with osteoporosis go undiagnosed because typically no symptoms are present before a fracture. Triage screening to refer patients to appropriate medical professionals for further investigation would be useful to address the increase in the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Dental clinics may offer a new triage screening pathway because dentists frequently take radiographs of bones in the course of dental treatment. A major premise for such triage screening in dental clinics is that dentists can readily use a screening tool in their dental practice. For example, cortical width and shape of the mandible detected on panoramic radiographs may be appropriate indices for triaging individuals with osteoporosis. To date, several investigators have demonstrated significant associations between cortical indices on panoramic radiographs and bone mineral density of the skeleton generally, such as the spine and femur, biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of osteoporotic fractures. Further, in two recent Japanese clinical trials, approximately 95% of women who were identified by trained dentists in their clinics using cortical shape findings did have osteopenia or osteoporosis. These findings support the possibility that dental clinics may offer a new triage platform to identify individuals with otherwise undetected osteoporosis. [source]

Craniofacial skeletal deviations following in utero exposure to the anticonvulsant phenytoin: monotherapy and polytherapy

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003
HI Orup Jr
Structured Abstract Authors , Orup Jr HI, Holmes LB, Keith DA, Coull BA. Objective , To identify and quantify the craniofacial effects from prenatal exposure to phenytoin monotherapy and polytherapy using cephalometric, hand-wrist, and panoramic radiographs and to determine if such deviations persist with age. Design , Craniofacial structures of 28 anticonvulsant-exposed individuals were evaluated using 20 landmarks in lateral cephalometric radiographs and 19 landmarks in frontal cephalometric radiographs. Skeletal maturity was assessed using hand-wrist radiographs. Dental maturity and the presence of dental anomalies were evaluated using panoramic radiographs. Eleven individuals were re-evaluated 7 years later, on average, to determine the persistence of any measured deviations. Setting and Sample Population , Department of Growth and Development, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Massachusetts General Hospital. Patients were recruited from several sources. Outcome Measure , The evaluated dimensions included linear, angular, and proportional measures. Results , The most common deviations were decreased height and length of the maxilla, decreased length of the posterior cranial base, length of the mandible, cranial width and level of the cribriform plate, and a decrease in the Wits Appraisal assessment. The deviations were more significant in the polytherapy-exposed individuals than in the monotherapy-exposed individuals. These deviations, especially in the maxilla, persisted with age as revealed in a re-evaluation of 11 individuals. Conclusion , The craniofacial skeletal findings among individuals exposed in utero to phenytoin monotherapy or phenytoin polytherapy, when considered in aggregate, suggest a mild pattern of maxillary hypoplasia that becomes more pronounced with age. [source]

The reliability of crown,root ratio, linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2000
Steve Stramotas
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of crown and root length, crown,root ratio and angular measurements of teeth relative to constructed reference lines and to other teeth in the same region on consecutive (T1 and T2) panoramic radiographs (OPGs). This retrospective study employed 20 cases; ten with five implants in each jaw (age range between 20 and 60 years) and ten with a full permanent dentition (age range between 12 and 16 years). The consecutive pairs of OPGs ranged from 6 months to 3 years apart. Four variables were measured and compared: 1) the crown or coronal segment length and the root or apical segment length; 2) the crown,root ratio; 3) the angulations of teeth and implants relative to specific reference lines in each jaw; 4) the angle between teeth and implants in the same sextant. The results revealed that comparisons of measurements taken of the same structures at T1 and T2, there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between vertical linear measurements. The crown,root ratios and coronal,apical segment ratios too, showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Whereas, angulations of teeth or implants relative to respective reference lines showed significant differences (p=0.001) for some of the teeth. These differences, however, were less than 5°; a clinically acceptable range. Angles measured between teeth or implants in the same sextant showed no significant differences (p>0.05). These results seem to support the hypothesis, therefore, that the linear vertical measurements, ratio calculations and angular measurements can be used to compare crown and root lengths, crown,root ratios and tooth angulations on OPGs taken of the same patient at different times with consistent accuracy. [source]

Third molar position following Bionator treatment

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2000
Calogero Dolce
Third molar eruption is an unpredictable event. The position of the third molar continuously changes during development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of Bionator treatment on third molar position against an untreated control group. A Bionator is a loose-fitting intra-oral appliance that postures the mandible forward, thereby producing skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. Data were obtained from direct measurements of existing longitudinal panoramic radiographs taken during the course of a randomized study investigating Class II malocclusion treatment options. The following variables were analyzed: mandibular third molar depth in relation to the cemento-enamel junction of the second molar; anterior,posterior (A,P) position in relation to the anterior border of the ramus; and angulation registered at the functional occlusal plane. Analysis of variance and ordinal logistic regression were used to investigate relationships between the variables. Angulation of the third molars changed substantially with varying depths (p<0.0008) and A,P positions (p<0.0001), but did not appear to relate appreciably to dental age (p>0.5) or treatment condition (p>0.4). The A,P position was significantly correlated to dental age (p>0.004) and Bionator treatment (p<0.0001), whereas depth was marginally associated with dental age (p<0.07) and not influenced by Bionator treatment (p>0.5). Third molars adopt a position further anterior in relation to the ramus with Bionator treatment than they do in controls. As dental age increases, Bionator use appears to positively influence third molar position. [source]

Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to parallel-screw cylinder machined-neck implants and rough-surfaced microthreaded implants using digitized panoramic radiographs

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2009
Hans-Joachim Nickenig
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this split-mouth study was to compare macro- and microstructure implant surfaces at the marginal bone level during a stress-free healing period and under functional loading. Material and methods: From January to February 2006, 133 implants (70 rough-surfaced microthreaded implants and 63 machined-neck implants) were inserted in the mandible of 34 patients with Kennedy Class I residual dentitions and followed until February 2008. The marginal bone level was radiographically determined, using digitized panoramic radiographs, at four time points: at implant placement (baseline level), after the healing period, after 6 months of functional loading, and at the end of follow-up. Results: The median follow-up time was 1.9 (range: 1.9,2.1) years. The machined-neck group had a mean crestal bone loss of 0.5 mm (range: 0,2.3) after the healing period, 0.8 mm after 6 months (range: 0,2.4), and 1.1 mm (range: 0,3) at the end of follow-up. The rough-surfaced microthreaded implant group had a mean bone loss of 0.1 mm (range: ,0.4,2) after the healing period, 0.4 mm (range: 0,2.1) after 6 months, and 0.5 mm (range: 0,2.1) at the end of follow-up. The two implant types showed significant differences in marginal bone levels (healing period: P=0.01; end of follow-up: P<0.01). Conclusions: Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to machined-neck or rough-surfaced microthreaded implants showed that implants with the microthreaded design caused minimal changes in crestal bone levels during healing (stress-free) and under functional loading. [source]