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Painful Experience (painful + experience)
Selected AbstractsIndividual sensitivity to pain expectancy is related to differential activation of the hippocampus and amygdalaHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 2 2010Michal Ziv Abstract Anxiety arising during pain expectancy can modulate the subjective experience of pain. However, individuals differ in their sensitivity to pain expectancy. The amygdale and hippocampus were proposed to mediate the behavioral response to aversive stimuli. However, their differential role in mediating anxiety-related individual differences is not clear. Using fMRI, we investigated brain activity during expectancy to cued or uncued thermal pain applied to the wrist. Following each stimulation participants rated the intensity of the painful experience. Activations in the amygdala and hippocampus were examined with respect to individual differences in harm avoidance (HA) personality trait, and individual sensitivity to expectancy, (i.e. response to cued vs. uncued painful stimuli). Only half of the subjects reported on cued pain as being more painful than uncued pain. In addition, we found a different activation profile for the amygdala and hippocampus during pain expectancy and experience. The amygdala was more active during expectancy and this activity was correlated with HA scores. The hippocampal activity was equally increased during both pain expectancy and experience, and correlated with the individual's sensitivity to expectancy. Our findings suggest that the amygdala supports an innate tendency to approach or avoid pain as reflected in HA trait, whereas the hippocampus mediates the effect of context possibly via appraisal of the stimulus value. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Destructive deformation of the digits with auto-amputation: a review of pseudo-ainhumJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 6 2007RM Rashid Abstract Pseudo-ainhum is an auto-amputation of the digits. Although extremely rare, it is a traumatic and painful experience that can be alleviated with early recognition and intervention. The scientific literature is filled with reports of this interesting but unfortunate phenomenon. To date, a firm causative aetiology has not yet been established. Although reports on this phenomenon have attempted to further our understanding of pseudo-ainhum, a clear understanding has been complicated by the interchangeable use of terms describing this auto-amputation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding, diagnostic criteria, and management of pseudo-ainhum. Furthermore, the nomenclature of pseudo-ainhum is clarified. Ideally, this will allow for more efficient exploration of pseudo-ainhum, its causes, and therapeutic approaches. [source] Bilateral Motor Cortex Stimulation for the Relief of Central Dysesthetic Pain and Intentional Tremor Secondary to Spinal Cord Surgery: A Case ReportNEUROMODULATION, Issue 4 2002Roberto Fabian Rodríguez MD Abstract Objectives. Our objective was to describe and analyze through a third party disinterested observer the results obtained by using motor cortex stimulation (MCS) for the treatment of central dysesthetic diffuse-distal type of paraplegic pain and intentional tremor secondary to the total removal of a cervical ependymoma. Design. Retrospective case report with discussion. Methods. A 69-year-old female, who after satisfactory removal of a cervical ependymoma, developed a central dysesthetic diffuse-distal type of paraplegic pain and intentional tremor associated with mild cerebellar deficit. Neurologic compromise became so intense that it prevented the patient from leading an independent lifestyle. Conservative treatments failed and a unilateral trial of MCS was performed. After a four-day satisfactory unilateral trial, a bilateral electrode, Resume II (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN), was inserted through a small craniotomy and a dual-channel RF activated receiver was implanted. During the second month of follow-up an independent observer personally interviewed the patient and assessed results through a multimodal approach, encompassing several analog scales used to measure the different components of the painful experience; a daily life activities scale and drug intake. Results. Evoked painful phenomena were dramatically improved, but the steady component of pain was only moderately relieved. The patient's tremor improved to allow for the performance of simple movements such as independent eating. Conclusion. In this single case report MCS was extremely useful in eliminating almost all of the patient's pain-evoked phenomena. Both steady burning pain and tremor were also improved. This is only one case report and MCS warrants further investigation as to its utility in controlling central dysesthetic pain in paraplegia and postchordotomy dysesthesias. [source] Animals, Pain and MoralityJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2005ALAN CARTER ABSTRACT While it is widely agreed that the infliction upon innocents of needless pain is immoral, many have argued that, even though nonhuman animals act as if they feel pain, there is no reason to think that they actually suffer painful experiences. And if our actions only appear to cause nonhuman animals pain, then such actions are not immoral. On the basis of the claim that certain behavioural responses to organismic harm are maladaptive, whereas the ability to feel pain is itself adaptive, this article argues that the experience of pain should be viewed as the proximate cause of such occasionally maladaptive behaviour. But as nonhuman animals also display such maladaptive traits, we have reason to conclude that they feel pain. Hence, we have reason to hold that it is indeed possible to inflict needless pain on nonhuman animals, which would be immoral. [source] Combat experience and the acquired capability for suicide,JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 10 2010Craig J. Bryan Abstract Rising suicide rates are an increasing concern among military personnel. The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide proposes that three necessary factors are needed to die by suicide: feelings that one does not belong with other people, feelings that one is a burden on others or society, and an acquired capability to overcome the fear and pain associated with suicide. The current study tests the theory's proposal that acquired capability may be particularly influenced by military experience, because combat exposure may cause habituation to fear of painful experiences such as suicide. Utilizing clinical and nonclinical samples of military personnel deployed to Iraq, results of the current study indicate that a greater range of combat experiences predicts acquired capability above and beyond depression and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, previous suicidality, and other common risk factors for suicide. Combat experiences did not, however, predict perceived burdensomeness or thwarted belongingness. The authors discuss how combat experiences might serve as a mechanism for elevating suicide risk and implications for clinical interventions and suicide prevention efforts. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: 66:1,13, 2010. [source] | ||||||||||