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Park Cancer Institute (park + cancer_institute)
Kinds of Park Cancer Institute Selected AbstractsRoutine immunophenotyping in acute leukemia: Role in lineage assignment and reassignmentCYTOMETRY, Issue 5 2006Misbah Qadir Abstract Diagnostic evaluation of acute leukemia at Roswell Park Cancer Institute has routinely included immunophenotyping by multiparameter flow cytometry. In a retrospective analysis of 646 cases, morphology and cytochemistry established lineage in 612, but not in 34 (5%), of which 26, 5, and 3 were myeloid, undifferentiated, and lymphoid, respectively, based on immunophenotyping. In addition, immunophenotyping changed the lineage assigned based on morphology and cytochemistry in 11 cases (2%); 8 changed from lymphoid to myeloid, and 3 from myeloid to lymphoid. The data support routine inclusion of at least limited immunophenotyping in the diagnostic evaluation of acute leukemia. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology [source] Akt expression may predict favorable prognosis in cholangiocarcinomaJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 11 2006Milind M Javle Abstract Background:, Overexpression of signaling proteins including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) occurs in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. However, the prognostic value of these markers is unknown. No prior study correlated the expression of these signaling proteins with clinical outcome. Further, co-expression of these proteins has not been reported. Co-expression may reflect cross-talk between signaling pathways. The aim of this clinicopathological study was to investigate the overexpression and co-expression of EGFR and related signaling proteins in cholangiocarcinoma and explore their relationship to clinical outcome. Methods:, Twenty-four consecutive cases of cholangiocarcinoma treated from 1996 to 2002 at Roswell Park Cancer Institute were included. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections was performed using antibodies against Akt, p-Akt, MAPK, p-MAPK, COX-2, EGFR and p-EGFR. Two pathologists independently scored the protein expression. Results:, Cyclooxygenase-2, Akt, and p-MAPK were commonly expressed in biliary cancers (100%, 96% and 87% of malignant cells, respectively). EGFR (60%) and p-EGFR (22%) overexpression was also detected. There was a significant association between EGFR and p-EGFR (P = 0.027) and between Akt and p-Akt (P = 0.017) expression in tumor tissue. A noteworthy association was shown between MAPK and p-Akt (P = 0.054). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model identified the use of chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.039, P = 0.0002), radiation (HR = 0.176, P = 0.0441) and Akt expression (HR = 0.139, P = 0.006) as the best predictors of overall prognosis. Conclusion:, Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling intermediates are commonly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma. Expression of Akt and use of systemic chemotherapy or radiation may correlate with improved survival. [source] Barriers to the optimal rehabilitation of surgical cancer patients in the managed care environment: An administrator's perspectiveJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Pamela Germain MBA Abstract Ensuring that surgical cancer patients obtain optimal rehabilitation care (defined here as all care provided post-operatively following cancer surgery) can be challenging because of the fragmented nature of the U.S. healthcare delivery and payment systems. In the managed care environment, surgical cancer patients' access to rehabilitation care is likely to vary by type of health insurance plan, by setting, by type of provider, and by whether care is provided in-network or out-of-network. The author of this article, who negotiates managed care contracts for the Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), gives examples of strategies used with some success by RPCI to collaborate with local payers to ensure that surgical cancer patients get optimal rehabilitation care, especially as they make the transition from hospital to outpatient care. She suggests that further collaborations of healthcare providers, payers, consumers, and policymakers are needed to help ensure optimal rehabilitation care for surgical cancer patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 95:386,392. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Clinical Pharmacokinetics of the PDT Photosensitizers Porfimer Sodium (Photofrin), 2-[1-Hexyloxyethyl]-2-Devinyl Pyropheophorbide-a (Photochlor) and 5-ALA-Induced Protoporphyrin IXLASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 5 2006David A. Bellnier PhD Abstract Background and Objectives Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a photosensitizer activated by light, in an oxygen-rich environment, to destroy malignant tumors. Clinical trials of PDT at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) use the photosensitizers Photofrin, Photochlor, and 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). In some studies the concentrations of photosensitizer in blood, and occasionally in tumor tissue, were obtained. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data from these individual studies were pooled and analyzed. This is the first published review to compare head-to-head the PK of Photofrin and Photochlor. Study Design/Materials and Methods Blood and tissue specimens were obtained from patients undergoing PDT at RPCI. Concentrations of Photofrin, Photochlor, and PpIX were measured using fluorescence analysis. A non-linear mixed effects modeling approach was used to analyze the PK data for Photochlor (up to 4 days post-infusion; two-compartment model) and a simpler multipatient-data-pooling approach was used to model PK data for both Photofrin and Photochlor (at least 150 days post-infusion; three-compartment models). Physiological parameters were standardized to correspond to a standard (70 kg; 1.818 m2 surface area) man to facilitate comparisons between Photofrin and Photochlor. Results Serum concentration-time profiles obtained for Photofrin and Photochlor showed long circulating half-lives, where both sensitizers could be found more than 3 months after intravenous infusion; however, estimated plasma clearances (standard man) were markedly smaller for Photofrin (25.8 ml/hour) than for Photochlor (84.2 ml/hour). Volumes of distribution of the central compartment (standard man) for both Photofrin and Photochlor were about the size (3.14 L, 4.29 L, respectively) of plasma volume, implying that both photosensitizers are almost 100% bound to serum components. Circulating levels of PpIX were generally quite low, falling below the level of instrument sensitivity within a few days after topical application of 5-ALA. Conclusion We have modeled the PK of Photochlor and Photofrin. PK parameter estimates may, in part, explain the relatively long skin photosensitivity attributed to Photofrin but not Photochlor. Due to the potential impact and limited experimental PK data in the PDT field further clinical studies of photosensitizer kinetics in tumor and normal tissues are warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Does the presence of significant risk factors affect perioperative outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy?BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2009Zubair M. Butt OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of preoperative risk factors on perioperative outcomes up to 3 months after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC), as RC continues to be associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2005 to 2007, 66 consecutive patients had RARC at Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Patient demographics, preoperative risk factors and complications up to 3 months after RARC were reviewed from a prospective quality-assurance database. Patients were stratified into high- and low risk groups based on age, previous abdominal surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), body mass index (BMI), Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. RESULTS Age, previous abdominal surgery, COPD, BMI, RCRI score and ASA score did not significantly influence complications during or up to 3 months following RARC (P > 0.05). Advanced age was associated with a higher RCRI score (P = 0.014) and an increased likelihood of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (P = 0.007). A higher ASA score was associated with an increased overall hospital stay (P = 0.039). Previous abdominal surgery was associated with more frequent unscheduled postoperative clinic visits (P = 0.014). Operative duration did not significantly influence complication rates (P > 0.05). Fifteen of 62 patients (24%) had a major complication, while 15 (24%) had minor complications within 3 months of surgery. The reoperation rate was 11% and the overall mortality rate was 1.6%. CONCLUSIONS RARC appears to be well tolerated, independent of comorbid risk factors such as age, BMI, RCRI and ASA score. [source] | ||||||||||