Paper Uses (paper + use)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Best Nonparametric Bounds on Demand Responses

ECONOMETRICA, Issue 6 2008
Richard Blundell
This paper uses revealed preference inequalities to provide the tightest possible (best) nonparametric bounds on predicted consumer responses to price changes using consumer-level data over a finite set of relative price changes. These responses are allowed to vary nonparametrically across the income distribution. This is achieved by combining the theory of revealed preference with the semiparametric estimation of consumer expansion paths (Engel curves). We label these expansion path based bounds on demand responses as E-bounds. Deviations from revealed preference restrictions are measured by preference perturbations which are shown to usefully characterize taste change and to provide a stochastic environment within which violations of revealed preference inequalities can be assessed. [source]


Autopsy of Change: Contextualising Entrepreneurial and Accounting Potential in the NHS

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2000
Sue Richardson
Set in the context of New Public Management (NPM), this paper uses two NHS Pathology departments to provide a clearer picture of what reforms have really achieved. Contrasting illustrations of management processes, entrepreneurialism and accounting practices are provided in the case studies. The paper seeks to explain these differences and concludes that the impact of NPM, in terms of entrepreneurial management and accounting practices, is not just contingent upon the type of activity undertaken but also upon the ,antecedent conditions of possibility' embedded therein and the personality and competence of individuals managing front line change. [source]


Rational alcohol addiction: evidence from the Russian longitudinal monitoring survey

HEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 9 2006
Badi H. Baltagi
Abstract Alcohol consumption in Russia is legendary and has been reported to be the third leading cause of death in the former Soviet Union after heart disease and cancer. Are Russian alcohol consumers rational addicts? This paper uses eight rounds of a nationally representative Russian survey spanning the period 1994,2003 to estimate a rational addiction (RA) model for alcohol consumption. This is done in a panel data setting as well as on a wave-by-wave basis. The profile of the Russian drinker finds a huge difference between males and females and the model is estimated by gender. We do not find support for the RA model in Russia for women. For men, although we find that some implications of the RA model are satisfied, we fail to endorse the model empirically on grounds of implausible negative estimates of the discount rate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Horizontal equity in utilisation of care and fairness of health financing: a comparison of micro-health insurance and user fees in Rwanda

HEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2006
Pia Schneider
Abstract This paper uses two methods to compare the impact of health care payments under insurance and user fees. Concentration indices for insured and uninsured groups are computed following the indirect standardisation method to evaluate horizontal inequity in utilisation of basic health care services. The minimum standard approach analyses the extent to which out-of-pocket health spending contributed to increased poverty. The analysis uses cross-sectional household survey data collected in Rwanda in 2000 in the context of the introduction of community-based health insurance. Results indicate that health spending had a small impact on the socio-economic situation of uninsured and insured households; however, this is at the expense of horizontal inequity in utilisation of care for user-fee paying individuals who reported significantly lower visit rates than the insured. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


A taxonomy of political processes in systems development

INFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010
Rajiv Sabherwal
Abstract Significant resources invested in information system development (ISD) are wasted due to political manoeuvres. Prior research on ISD politics has contributed mainly through theoretical development and case studies. This has enhanced understanding of relevant concepts, political tactics and conditions facilitating politics. However, there is limited understanding of the different processes through which politics unfold. This paper uses 89 ISD projects to develop a taxonomy of political processes in ISD. The taxonomy includes three distinct processes: Tug of War, wherein multiple parties strive to gain project control; Obstacle Race, which involves efforts to resist and pursue the project; and Empire Building, wherein the project is used as an instrument to enhance political or resource bases. The taxonomy is explained using the non-proponents' view of the project and the balance of power between system's proponents and non-proponents. We also discuss the emergent taxonomy's implications for how politics can be managed and studied. [source]


Nursing in a technological environment: Nursing care in the operating room

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 1 2006
Rosalind Bull BApplSc(Nsg) MN PhD
Operating room nurses continue to draw criticism regarding the appropriateness of a nursing presence in the operating room. The technological focus of the theatre and the ways in which nurses in the theatre have shaped and reshaped their practice in response to technological change have caused people within and outside the nursing profession to question whether operating room nursing is a technological rather than nursing undertaking. This paper reports findings from an ethnographic study that was conducted in an Australian operating department. The study examined the contribution of nurses to the work of the operating room through intensive observation and ethnographic interviews. This paper uses selected findings from the study to explore the ways in which nurses in theatre interpret their role in terms of caring in a technological environment. [source]


Credit demand in Mozambican manufacturing

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2010
Bruce Byiers
Abstract This paper uses two industrial firm surveys to identify the key determinants of credit demand in Mozambican manufacturing. We construct five different measures of being credit constrained and estimate desired debt demand. Besides firm size and ownership structure, we find evidence that general manager education and business association membership are associated with whether a firm is credit constrained or not. Using our preferred measure of credit constraint suggests that around 43 per cent of the firms surveyed are constrained, and these enterprises would almost triple their debt burden if borrowing constraints were relaxed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


A firm level analysis of trade, technology and employment in South Africa

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2004
Lawrence Edwards
This paper uses two firm level surveys, the National Enterprise (NE) survey and the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area (GJMA) survey, to explore the implications of globalization for employment in South Africa. These relationships are explored using cross-tabulations and estimated labour demand functions. The paper finds that rising import penetration negatively affected employment in large firms, but not small firms. Relatively large declines in employment also occurred within export firms, despite improvements in export competitiveness and export growth through trade liberalization. Finally, the study finds that skill-biased and trade-induced technological change, as reflected in increased use of computers, foreign investment and the importation of raw material inputs, have raised the skill intensity of production. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


REGIONAL INCOME EVOLUTION IN SOUTH AFRICA AFTER APARTHEID,

JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008
Maarten Bosker
ABSTRACT South Africa is one of the wealthiest countries on the African continent. The high national level (and growth) of GDP per capita, however, masks significant differences in economic performance across South Africa's regions. This paper uses (spatial) Markov chain techniques to describe the evolution of the entire cross-section regional income distribution in terms of its intra-distributional characteristics during the post-Apartheid period. The results indicate a heavily diverging regional income distribution. Relatively poor regions are likely to remain poor or become even poorer and the richest regions will maintain their lead in terms of income levels. Explicitly taking account of space furthermore shows that these high-income regions are acting as local growth poles, absorbing economic activity from their immediate surroundings. Location, trade, education, and the variable fortune of the gold mining industry seem to be important determinants of the observed evolution. [source]


The Enchantment of Stanley Spencer

NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1034 2010
Keith Tester
Abstract In the early 1930s the artist Stanley Spencer committed himself to working on the never-achieved Church-House project. It was intended to reflect his understanding of God and religion as love, and, furthermore, of the sacred being fully integrated in secular times and places. The first painting he finished for the project was,Villagers and Saints,(1933), now in the collection of the University of Hull. This paper uses,Villagers and Saints,as a way into a reading of Spencer's work, drawing on insights from Charles Taylor's,A Secular Age,to explore how Spencer sacramentalises the material world. The first part of the paper contextualises,Villagers and Saints, and the second part identifies its vision with what appears to have been a conversion experience, discussed by Spencer in his public writing. [source]


Is gateway city clustering behind Canada's declining immigrant home-ownership rates?

POPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 5 2009
Michael Haan
Abstract Recently, home-ownership rates have been dropping for Canadian immigrants. These declines, although substantial in their own right, are particularly striking when read alongside the trends of the Canadian-born, who've experienced a comparative surge in recent years. Given that immigrants overwhelmingly cluster in Canada's ,gateway' census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver, this paper uses 2-stage least squares regression techniques and the 2001 Census of Canada to identify whether a shift out of Canada's gateway CMAs would improve immigrant home-ownership rates. The results show that although home-ownership propensities are higher for those who live outside of gateway cities, these differences dissolve once the endogeneity of location choice is considered. This suggests that relocation policies are unlikely to yield dramatic national gains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Unravelling the process from Closed to Open Innovation: evidence from mature, asset-intensive industries

R & D MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2010
Davide Chiaroni
Open Innovation has been one of the most-debated topics in management research in the last decade. Although our understanding of this management paradigm has significantly improved over the last few years, a number of important questions are still unanswered. In particular, an issue that deserves further attention is the anatomy of the organizational change process through which a firm evolves from being a Closed to an Open Innovator. The paper represents a first step in overcoming this limitation. In particular, adopting a longitudinal, firm-level perspective, it addresses the following question: which changes in a firm's organizational structures and management systems does the shift from Closed to Open Innovation entail? In answering this question, the paper uses established concepts in organizational change research to look into a rich empirical basis that documents the adoption of Open Innovation by four Italian firms operating in mature, asset-intensive industries. The results show that the journey from Closed to Open Innovation involves four main dimensions of the firm's organization, i.e. inter-organizational networks, organizational structures, evaluation processes and knowledge management systems, along which change could be managed and stimulated. [source]


A model-based approach to quality control of paper production

APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY, Issue 3 2004
Patrick E. Brown
Abstract This paper uses estimated model parameters as inputs into multivariate quality control charts. The thickness of paper leaving a paper mill is measured at a high sampling rate, and these data are grouped into successive data segments. A stochastic model for paper is fitted to each data segment, leading to parameter estimates and information-based standard errors for these estimates. The estimated model parameters vary by more than one can be explained by the information-based standard errors, suggesting that the ,true' underlying parameters are not constant over time. A model is formulated for the true parameters in which the information matrix dictates the distribution for the observed parameters given the true parameters. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


China's Penetration of the Korean Market: Stylized Facts and Welfare Effect

CHINA AND WORLD ECONOMY, Issue 5 2010
Kichun Kang
F10; F14 Abstract China's penetration of the world market has been impressive. This paper uses highly disaggregated Korean import data (from 1992 to 2008) to examine China's penetration of the Korean market in the context of the composition of value (the extensive and intensive margins) and the product type (homogeneous and differentiated) in trade. The increase in Chinese imports has been attributed to the rapid increase in the import of new products (the extensive margin) and of existing products (the intensive margin). However, the growth rate of new products decelerated in the 2000s. The growth in the intensive margin was due to quantity, not price. Chinese imports to Korea did not improve over the period in terms of quality. Although Chinese products became cheaper, they were more differentiated over time. Welfare gains were realized through the expanded introduction of new products from China. However, much of the gains from Korea's Chinese product import boom were realized in earlier years (1992,2000) because even though imported products became more differentiated, the increase in the extensive margin was lower in more recent years (2001,2008). [source]