Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
PD Symptoms (pd + symptom)
Selected AbstractsA two-fold difference in the age-adjusted prevalences of Parkinson's disease between the island of Als and the Faroe IslandsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2000L. Wermuth With the aim of comparing the previously found high prevalence of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Faroe Islands with the prevalence of PD in an area of Denmark, we used the same case-finding methods for case ascertainment and the same strict criteria to diagnose PD on the island of Als. During the last year before the prevalence date (1 January 1998), we found in various registries from pharmacies, hospital, private neurologist and general practioners 121 patients with suspected Parkinsonism out of 56 839 inhabitants on the island of Als. After exclusion of those who had other diseases, a total of 79 patients were left for further examinations. Among these we found 58 with PD. The overall prevalence of PD was estimated to be 102.0 and the age-adjusted prevalence to be 98.3 per 100 000 persons compared with 187.6 and 209.0 in the Faroe Islands. Compared with the previous results from the Faroe Islands (prevalence date 1 July 1995) we found an even lower mean age at onset of PD symptoms and at onset of treatment, a lower proportion of definite PD and a lower average dose of levodopa. We therefore conclude that the two-fold higher prevalence in the Faroe Islands than on the island of Als was not due to an early diagnosis and a higher ascertainment of cases with mild PD, which was suggested as being one possible explanation for our previous finding of a high prevalence of PD in the Faroe Islands. [source] Personality disorder traits evident by early adulthood and risk for eating and weight problems during middle adulthoodINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2006Jeffrey G. Johnson PhD Abstract Objective: The current article investigates the association of personality disorder (PD) with the subsequent development of eating and weight problems. Method: Psychiatric interviews were administered to a community-based sample of 658 individuals at mean ages 14, 16, 22, and 33 years. Results: Individuals with PD by age 22 were at an elevated risk for eating disorders at mean age 33 years. PDs were associated with risk for onset of binge eating, purging, daily dietary restriction, and obesity among individuals without a history of these problems. Borderline and histrionic PD symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and purging at mean age 33 years. Antisocial and schizotypal symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and obesity at mean age 33 years. Depressive PD symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and dietary restriction at mean age 33 years. Conclusion: PD symptoms, evident by early adulthood, may be associated with the risk for the development of eating and weight problems by middle adulthood. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006 [source] Dopaminergic neurons intrinsic to the striatumJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2007Philippe Huot Abstract The striatum , the largest integrative component of the basal ganglia , harbors a population of neurons that express the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a faithful marker of dopaminergic neurons. The dopaminergic nature of these neurons is further supported by the fact that they express the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and the nuclear orphan receptor Nurr1, a transcription factor essential for the expression of the DA phenotype by midbrain neurons. The vast majority of these neurons are morphologically similar to the medium-sized aspiny striatal interneurons and they all express the enzyme GAD65. The striatal TH-positive neurons increase markedly in number in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), where striatal DA concentrations are low, but this increase is abolished by L-dopa treatment. Hence, local DA concentrations appear to regulate the numerical density of this ectopic neuronal population, a phenomenon that is more likely the result of a shift in the phenotype of preexistent striatal interneurons rather than the recruitment of newborn neurons that will develop a DA phenotype. Altogether, these findings suggest that striatal TH-positive neurons act as a local source of DA and, as such, are part of a compensatory mechanism that could be artificially enhanced to alleviate or delay PD symptoms. [source] Melatonin reduces the neuronal loss, downregulation of dopamine transporter, and upregulation of D2 receptor in rotenone-induced parkinsonian ratsJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008Chun-Hung Lin Abstract:, Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder resulting from nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The impairment of mitochondrial function and dopamine synaptic transmission are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Two mitochondrial inhibitors, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) and rotenone, have been used to induce dopaminergic neuronal death both in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Because the uptake of MPP+ is mediated by the dopamine transporter (DAT), we used a cell-permeable rotenone-induced PD model to investigate the role of DAT and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) on dopaminergic neuronal loss. Rotenone subcutaneously infused for 14 days induced PD symptoms in rats, as indicated by reduced spontaneous locomotor activity (hypokinesis), loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker enzyme for dopamine neurons) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and striatum, obvious ,-synuclein accumulation, downregulated DAT protein expression, and upregulated D2R expression. Interestingly, rotenone also caused significant noradrenergic neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus. Melatonin, an antioxidant, prevented nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and ,-synuclein aggregation without affecting the rotenone-induced weight loss and hypokinesis. However, rotenone-induced hypokinesis was markedly reversed by the DAT antagonist nomifensine and body weight loss was attenuated by the D2R antagonist sulpiride. In addition, both antagonists significantly prevented the reduction of striatal TH or DAT immunoreactivity but not the loss of nigral TH- and DAT-immunopositive neurons. These results suggested that oxidative stress and DAT downregulation are involved in the rotenone-induced pathogenesis of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration, whereas D2R upregulation may simply represent a compensatory response. [source] An open-label conversion study of pramipexole to ropinirole prolonged release in Parkinson's disease,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 14 2009Kelly E. Lyons PhD Abstract Ropinirole prolonged release (PR) is a once daily oral dopamine agonist approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The goal of this 4 week, open-label study was to determine the most effective conversion ratio with the fewest adverse effects (AEs) when switching from pramipexole to ropinirole PR. Sixty patients with PD taking pramipexole were converted overnight to ropinirole PR at ratios of 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 such that 20 consecutive subjects were enrolled in each group. Ropinirole PR dose adjustments were allowed to maintain efficacy or to reduce AEs. An overnight switch from pramipexole to ropinirole PR was found to be well tolerated and AEs were typical for a dopamine agonist. The most common AEs were worsening of PD symptoms, dizziness, somnolence, and nausea, the majority of which resolved after dose adjustments. Thirteen subjects discontinued ropinirole PR before 4 weeks. These subjects were taking a significantly greater dose of pramipexole, the majority greater than 4 mg/day, and tended to have longer disease durations. A conversion ratio of 1 mg of pramipexole to 4 mg of ropinirole PR resulted in the fewest discontinuations of ropinirole PR, the fewest dose adjustments and the largest percentage of subjects that preferred ropinirole PR. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society [source] Two-year follow-up on the effect of unilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation in highly asymmetric Parkinson's disease,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 3 2009Han-Joon Kim MD Abstract Although bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) provides greater relief from the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) than unilateral STN DBS, it has been suggested that unilateral STN DBS may be a reasonable treatment option in selected patients, especially those with highly asymmetric PD. In previous studies on the effect of unilateral STN DBS, the asymmetry of PD symptoms was not prominent and the mean follow-up durations were only 3 to 12 months. In this study, we report our findings in a series of 8 patients with highly asymmetric PD who were treated with unilateral STN DBS and were followed for 24 months. Serial changes in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score and subscores in the ipsilateral, contralateral, and axial body parts were analyzed. Unilateral STN DBS improved the UPDRS motor score and the contralateral subscore in the on -medication state for 5 nonfluctuating patients and in the off -medication state for 3 fluctuating patients. However, the ipsilateral subscore progressively worsened and reversed asymmetry became difficult to manage, which led to compromised medication and stimulator adjustment. At 24 months, all the patients were considering the second-side surgery. Our results suggest that bilateral STN DBS should be considered even in highly asymmetric PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society [source] Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 2 2009a R. Filipovi Abstract In a placebo-controlled, single-blinded, crossover study, we assessed the effect of "real" repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) versus "sham" rTMS (placebo) on peak dose dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten patients with PD and prominent dyskinesias had rTMS (1,800 pulses; 1 Hz rate) delivered over the motor cortex for 4 consecutive days twice, once real stimuli and once sham stimulation were used; evaluations were done at the baseline and 1 day after the end of each of the treatment series. Direct comparison between sham and real rTMS effects showed no significant difference in clinician-assessed dyskinesia severity. However, comparison with the baseline showed small but significant reduction in dyskinesia severity following real rTMS but not placebo. The major effect was on dystonia subscore. Similarly, in patient diaries, although both treatments caused reduction in subjective dyskinesia scores during the days of intervention, the effect was sustained for 3 days after the intervention for the real rTMS only. Following rTMS, no side effects and no adverse effects on motor function and PD symptoms were noted. The results suggest the existence of residual beneficial clinical aftereffects of consecutive daily applications of low-frequency rTMS on dyskinesias in PD. The effects may be further exploited for potential therapeutic uses. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society [source] Asymmetric corticomotor excitability correlations in early Parkinson's diseaseMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 11 2007Allan D. Wu MD Abstract We studied corticomotor excitability (CE) between the more and less affected sides in early Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Sixteen-PD patients within the first 3 years of diagnosis were studied with single-pulse TMS over each motor cortex with intensities from 40% to 100% stimulator output. Active motor evoked potentials (MEP) and cortical silent period durations (CSP) were recorded, fitted with sigmoid curves, summarized as maximal MEP/CSP, maximal MEP/CSP slope, and intensity where MEP/CSP is half-maximal (MEP/CSP-Int50), and correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores (UPDRS). On the more affected side, higher (worse) UPDRS scores were correlated with shorter maximal CSP (r = ,0.51, P = 0.046). On the less affected side, higher UPDRS scores were correlated with higher MEP-Int50 (r = 0.51, P = 0.043) and CSP-Int50 (r = 0.54, P = 0.029). For the less affected side, altered CE, as indexed by higher MEP or CSP-Int50 intensities, may contribute to early clinical symptoms. On the more affected side, increases in CE, indexed by shorter CSP, may account for a greater proportion of PD symptoms. These findings are consistent with an evolution of neurophysiologic correlates in early PD patients from a less to more symptomatic state. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society [source] Lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder control in advanced Parkinson's disease: Effects of deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleusMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 2 2007Kristian Winge MD Abstract Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) leads to significant improvement in motor function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). In this prospective study including 16 patients with PD, we investigated (1) lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) by questionnaires International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS, symptoms only) and Danish Prostate Symptom Score (DanPSS, symptoms and bother of symptoms) and (2) bladder control (assessed by urodynamics) before and after implantation of electrodes in the STN. PD symptoms (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score) improved significantly (P < 0.0001), and symptoms of overactive bladder (IPSS) decreased along with the troublesome symptoms of overactive bladder (DanPSS; P < 0.01 for both). Urodynamic parameters before and after implantation of electrodes in the STN, evaluated with and without the stimulation on, did not change significantly. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society [source] The effects of Pierce's disease on leaf and petiole hydraulic conductance in Vitis vinifera cv. ChardonnayPHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, Issue 4 2009Brendan Choat In this study, we test the hypothesis that the symptoms of Pierce's Disease (PD) result from the occlusion of xylem conduits by the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa (Xf ). Four treatments were imposed on greenhouse-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay: well-watered and deficit-irrigated plants with and without petiole inoculation with Xf. The hydraulic conductance of the stem-petiole junction (kjun) and leaves (kleaf) were measured, and Xf concentrations were established by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Leaf hydraulic conductance decreased with increasing leaf scorch symptoms in both irrigation treatments. The positive relationship between Xf concentration and symptom formation in deficit-irrigated plants suggests that water-stress increases susceptibility to PD. In field-grown vines, water relations of symptomatic leaves were similar to naturally senescing leaves but differed from green control leaves. Overall, these results suggest that the development of PD symptoms represents a form of accelerated senescence as part of a systemic response of the plant to Xf infection. [source] First appraisal of brain pathology owing to A30P mutant alpha-synucleinANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2010Kay Seidel PhD Familial Parkinson disease (PD) due to the A30P mutation in the SNCA gene encoding alpha-synuclein is clinically associated with PD symptoms. In this first pathoanatomical study of the brain of an A30P mutation carrier, we observed neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, and dorsal motor vagal nucleus, as well as widespread occurrence of alpha-synuclein immunopositive Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites, and glial aggregates. Alpha-synuclein aggregates ultrastructurally resembled Lewy bodies, and biochemical analyses disclosed a significant load of insoluble alpha-synuclein, indicating neuropathological similarities between A30P disease patients and idiopathic PD, with a more severe neuropathology in A30P carriers. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:684,689 [source] | |||||||||||||