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Ownership Rights (ownership + right)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting55%
Humanities and Social Sciences33%

Selected Abstracts

Against Self-Ownership: There Are No Fact-Insensitive Ownership Rights over One's Body

PHILOSOPHY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2008
KASPER LIPPERT-RASMUSSEN
First page of article [source]

Trust and economic organisation

ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2001
Martin Ricketts
Markets induce trust through repeat dealing and the development of reputation. Organisations economise on the use of trust through the appropriate assignment of ownership rights. Trust is not therefore simply a useful,outside'entity which economic analysis takes for granted. The production and,allocation'of trust are, at least partially, an outcome of the operation of the economic system. An important,unintended consequence'of government regulation which does not attract sufficient study and comment is the implicit undermining of trust-inducing market mechanisms and organisational structures. [source]

Some simple economics of GM food

ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 33 2001
Dietmar Harhoff
Public opposition to the genetic engineering of food crops (GM food) has not been based solely on concern about biological risks. Economic risks have been widely cited too: the fear that the world's food supply will be concentrated in the hands of a few large firms, the fear that such firms will engage or are already engaging in anti,competitive practices, and the fear of the transfer of ownership rights over genetic resources to the private sector. Are these fears justified? We argue that the GM food industry may be on course for further consolidation, and this could be anti,competitive. In fact, policymakers face a dilemma: a stringent regulatory approval process enhances food safety, but at the cost of increasing market concentration. We argue also that the integration of seed and agri,chemical manufacturers may bias the introduction of GM traits in undesirable directions. Some business practices (such as tie,in contracts between seeds and complementary products such as herbicides) may have an exclusionary motive that warrants scrutiny on anti,competitive grounds, while some other practices (such as the use of terminator genes) appear more benign. Finally, we argue against granting patents on genes or even on gene ,functions'. Doing so may delay the development of socially beneficial applications. [source]

Sowing the Seeds of Progress: The Agricultural Biotechnology Debate in Africa

HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2008
Noah Zerbe
Recent innovations in agricultural biotechnology raise a number of questions for the future of farming in both the developed and developing worlds. Conflicting international agreements, particularly tensions between the World Trade Organization's Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity, provoke debates between farmers, plant breeders, and indigenous communities over the extent of ownership rights in genetic resources. Further, trade disputes between the United States and the European Union help to shape the terrain on which biotechnology is developed. The future of agricultural biotechnology in Africa is largely a function of the outcome of these debates. [source]

Czech Social Reform after 1989: Concepts and Reality

INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY REVIEW, Issue 2-3 2001
Martin Pot
The goal of this paper is twofold: to present a description of the most important institutional changes taking place in Czech social policy after 1989, and to offer the explanation of these changes in a broader cultural, economic and political framework. The significant economic, social and cultural conditions of the country, in which social policy operates, comprise the disposable economic resources, the concept and realization of economic reform including changes in ownership rights, the capacity of public administration, the way political democratization is designed and implemented, and political priorities and concepts of the political elite actually in power. Recent developments in the labour market and the new patterns of employment policy are discussed in more detail. After that, the incidence of poverty and the ongoing social and economic stratification are associated with the new approaches to the construction of a social security system which has been composed of three main tiers (or "pillars"): social insurance, state social support, and social assistance. As a conclusion, the sensitive points of the present state of Czech social policy, along with crucial decisions to be taken in the future, are identified. [source]

China's emerging market for property rights: Theoretical and empirical perspectives1

THE ECONOMICS OF TRANSITION, Issue 3 2002
Gary H. Jefferson
his paper contrasts state,directed and market,mediated reform of enterprise ownership rights in transition economies. We evaluate China's emerging market for enterprise ownership rights from the perspective of conditions underpinning the Coase Theorem: the assignment of property rights, the degree of competition, and the nature of transaction costs. China's recent experience suggests that policies designed to expand and support the scope of decentralized, market,based restructuring of ownership rights, even under conditions that deviate widely from the ideal assumptions underlying the Coase Theorem, may prove more beneficial than direct official intervention. JEL classification: G34, K11, L1 and P3. [source]

Shareholder Primacy and the Distribution of Wealth

THE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 1 2005
Paddy Ireland
In recent years a growing consensus has emerged in favour of the shareholder-oriented model of the corporation. Increasingly, this model is justified not on the basis of shareholder ownership rights but on efficiency grounds: whoever the immediate and direct beneficiaries of shareholder-orientation, it is argued, it ultimately indirectly benefits everyone by ensuring the maximization of aggregate social wealth. The prevalence of this view has caused the distributional dimensions of corporate governance to be neglected. This paper examines the distribution of share ownership and financial wealth in the US and the UK. Although share ownership has become more widely spread, it argues, it remains very heavily concentrated with the result that shareholder primacy is in reality the primacy of a small privileged elite. After an exploration of the contradictions of working class shareholding and the impact of greater shareholder-orientation on the distribution of wealth, the paper concludes by re-evaluating Hansmann and Kraakman's ,end of corporate history' thesis, arguing that recent developments represent a triumph not for efficiency but for the growing power of the shareholder class. [source]

An Analysis of Strategic Determinants, Learning and Decision-Making in Sino-British Joint Ventures

BRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2002
Yanni Yan
This paper examines how partners' strategic objectives, inputs and competencies affect the learning they achieve in joint ventures and their ability to influence decision-making in such ventures. Quantitative and qualitative research in 20 Sino-British joint ventures permits an investigation of these factors for both British and Chinese joint venture partners. Findings indicate that the transfer by British partners of technology and managerial expertise to joint ventures enhances their ability to achieve their strategic objectives by influencing decisions in such ventures. The learning achieved by British partners depends on their commitment of strategic inputs to joint ventures and is therefore associated with their influence. The case of Chinese partners is different, because they look to learn from the knowledge and resource inputs provided by the British partners. They therefore rely more on legal ownership rights to retain an influence over joint venture decision-making. The achievement of Chinese partners' strategic objectives depends more critically on the quality of the partnership itself. [source]