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Ovarian Fluid (ovarian + fluid)
Selected AbstractsThe influence of ovarian fluid on Solea senegalensis sperm motilityJOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 5 2010P. Diogo Summary The role of ovarian fluid in fertilization has been neglected, particularly in marine species. The aim of this work was therefore to assess the influence of ovarian fluid (OF) as a potential contributor factor to sperm motility in Solea senegalensis. The specificity of interactions between sperm and ovarian fluid was analyzed using homologous and heterelogous ovarian fluid. Additional tests tried to identify the most useful concentration for improving sperm motility throughout the activation process. Ovarian fluid solutions were diluted in artificial seawater (SW) (v:v) 0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25 and 100 : 0 (OF:SW). Pure ovarian fluid solutions (100%) did not promote sperm motility by themselves since they lack the osmolarity needed to trigger sperm motility. With 75% of ovarian fluid the activation solution promoted a deficient activation and the best concentrations used were 25 and 50%. The presence of ovarian fluid affected significantly total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) in the last seconds post activation. Progressive motility was higher at 45 s for homologous 25% OF (20.4%) than control (9.4%). Homologous 25% OF increased significantly TM and PM at 60 s post activation (32.0 and 10.5%, respectively) when compared to control (15.8 and 1.7%, respectively). Sperm velocity showed significant differences in the presence of ovarian fluid since early seconds post activation. Our data revealed an enhancement of sperm motility with ovarian fluid at low concentrations in the activation solution. There seems to be a high degree of specificity of ovarian fluid-sperm interaction since heterologous fluid had a lower performance enhancing sperm motility than homologous fluid. Our results indicated a possible important female contribution to sperm motility enhancement during the fertilization process in S. senegalensis. [source] Prostaglandins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) sperm biology , searching for answersJOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 4 2008R. K. Kowalski Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of prostaglandins E2 and F2, (PGE2 and PGF2,) in the blood, testis and seminal plasma of mature male rainbow trout and in the ovarian fluid to assess the effects of these prostaglandins on sperm motility parameters when present in activation media. Also prolonged incubation with prostaglandins on sperm motility and calcium influx were studied. The profile of PGE2 and PGF2, differed in concentration between blood, testicular supernatant and seminal plasma. PGE2 was predominant in the blood sample (0.29 ng ml,1) and testicular supernatant (3.1 ng ml,1) whereas their level in seminal plasma was lower than PGF2, (0.23 ng ml,1). The concentrations of PGF2, in blood, testis and seminal plasma were 0.04, 0.99, 1.3 ng ml,1, respectively. In the ovarian fluid the concentrations of both prostaglandins were higher than in the male reproductive tract. Adding both prostaglandins to activation buffer (at concentrations 15 and 70 ng ml,1) had no effect on any CASA parameters. Calcium influx related to rainbow trout sperm incubations with PGE2, and PGF2, was not detected. After 24 h incubation of sperm in artificial seminal plasma solution without and with prostaglandins all sperm samples increased their motility potential and intracellular calcium concentration. Therefore, this effect was not related to the presence of prostaglandins. In summary PGE2, and PGF2, were present in the rainbow trout male reproductive tract, and their profile varies from that of blood, testis and seminal plasma. The specific role of both prostaglandins in salmonid sperm biology remains unclear. [source] The effect of elevated oocyte triiodothyronine content on development of rainbow trout embryos and expression of mRNA encoding for thyroid hormone receptorsJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004J. C. Raine The ability of developing rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss embryos to compensate for elevated oocyte triiodothyronine (T3) content and whether elevation of oocyte T3 content within a physiologically meaningful range affects growth rates of the embryo or the expression of genes encoding for thyroid hormone receptors ,(TR,) and ,(TR,) were examined. Oocytes were immersed in ovarian fluid alone (control) or T3 -enriched ovarian fluid prior to fertilization and water hardening, to induce a dose-dependant increase in oocyte T3 content of c. 3 (control), c. 30 (LT3) or c. 110 ng egg,1(HT3). To examine the interaction of embryo somatic growth with altered thyroid state more effectively, the embryos were reared at two ambient temperatures (8·5 and 5·5°C ) to induce different growth rates. A significant decline in whole embryo T3 content was measured in the T3 -treatment groups reared at both water temperatures by 3 weeks post-fertilization (dpf), and may have reflected the action of outer ring monodeiodinase, which was present in microsomes prepared from embryos 23 dpf. Whole embryo T3 levels in the HT3 group, however, remained higher than controls until phase 2 of development [the onset of endogenous thyroid hormone (TH) release]. This suggested that the embryos exerted some control over their response to exogenous TH, but that there was a limit to the level of control exerted by the embryonic tissues. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the presence of mRNA encoding for the two TR isoforms as early as 26 dpf, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) was used to examine the effect of elevated oocyte T3 content on the expression of these TR genes in embryos raised at 8·5 and 5·5° C, and sampled at similar developmental stages prior to the onset of embryonic TH synthesis, to ensure that the oocyte T3 was the only source of TH exposure to the embryo. There was a suppression of the TR, gene expression in the control 5·5° C group relative to the control 8·5° C group. In addition, both TR, and TR, mRNA accumulation was lower, relative to the controls, in the LT3 treatment group reared at 8·5° C suggesting a suppressive effect of the lower level of T3 treatment on the TR gene expression. Conversely, there were no differences from controls in the HT3 treatment group, possibly indicating that this level of exposure overrides the down-regulating capacity of the embryo. Similar patterns were seen for TR, and TR, mRNA accumulation in embryos reared at 5·5° C, but because of the temperature suppressed level of TR, mRNA in the controls, significant affects of the LT3 treatment were only found for TR,. There were no measurable effects of T3 treatment on oocyte fertility or embryo somatic growth for either temperature treatment group, nor was somatic growth hormone content (measured only in the 8·5° C treatment group) apparently related to in ovo T3 levels. The results suggest that altered in ovo T3 levels, within the ranges used here, do not induce marked affects on embryo development, probably because of the ability of the embryo to maintain the integrity of its TH milieu. [source] First results on a relation between ovarian fluid and egg proteins of Salmo trutta and egg qualityAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007Franz Lahnsteiner Abstract By use of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ovarian fluid proteins and main proteins of unfertilized eggs were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated in the brown trout, Salmo trutta, to see whether some of them were correlated with the rate of embryos reaching the eyed embryo stage. In the ovarian fluid, 12 types of proteins in the range of 39,166 kDa were detected whereby three proteins were lipoproteins and two were glycoproteins. Ovarian fluid proteins with a molecular weight of 85, 68, 62 and 39 kDa were negatively correlated with the percentage of eyed stage embryos. The statistical significance of the relations was low in simple and multiple regression models (R2,0.534) indicating that the relations were influenced and superposed by other factors. Therefore, ovarian fluid proteins give only poor information about maturity and quality of eggs. In the eggs, nine major types of proteins in the range of 95,15 kDa were identified. The 95 kDa protein was a lipoprotein, the 85 and the 62 kDa protein were glycoproteins, and the 15 kDa protein was a phosphoprotein. The 95, 85, 77 and 39 kDa protein were positively correlated with embryo survival to the eyed embryo stage. The explanatory effect of the multiple regression model was very high (R2=0.961) indicating that distinct egg proteins are closely related with egg quality. [source] Sperm motility in the steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): influence of the composition of the incubation and activation mediaAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006Joshua Woolsey Abstract This study examined the pH sensitivity of steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), sperm motility relative to the composition of incubation and activation media. The percentage of sperm that initiated motility following incubation in a sperm immobilizing solution (SI) titrated to different pH values and subsequent activation by dilution in buffered swimming medium (SM) at pH 8.5 or 50% ovarian fluid (OF) showed little or no pH sensitivity; sperm diluted in de-ionized water (DI) showed no motility after incubation at any pH. In contrast, motility of sperm diluted in tap water (TAP) was highly sensitive to the pH of the incubation medium. Sperm incubated with buffered seminal plasma at high, but not low pH demonstrated high percent motility when diluted with DI. Sperm incubated in low-pH SI demonstrated high motility only when diluted into high-pH SM. The effects of the composition of incubation and activation media on sperm motility were generally reflected in comparable effects on fertility. Therefore, these data indicate that the pH sensitivity of sperm motility and fertility depends on the composition of commonly used incubation as well as activation media. [source] | ||||||||||